Wireless power transfer

• US 10,491,048 B2
• Filed: 10/11/2017
• Issued: 11/26/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 02/14/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Original Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Inventors: Jadidian, Jouya, Katabi, Dina
• Primary Examiner(s): Barnie, Rexford N
• Assistant Examiner(s): Mourad, Rasem
• Application Number:
  US15/730,216
• Publication Number:
  US 20180175635A1
• Time in Patent Office: 776 Days
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/10 using inductive coupling
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/12 of the resonant type
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/402 the two or more transmitting or the two or more receiving devices being integrated in the same unit, e.g. power mats with several coils or antennas with several sub-antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/80 involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/90 involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00034 Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/007 Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/217 using semiconductor devices only

Abstract

A method includes determining, by a base station including a number of transmitting coils, a first number of mutual magnetic parameters, each mutual magnetic parameter being associated with one of the transmitting coils and a receiving coil of at least one receiving coil associated with at least one electronic device remotely located from and to be remotely charged by the base station, determining a plurality of control signals based on the first number of mutual magnetic parameters, each control signal being associated with a corresponding one of the transmitting coils, providing each control signal to a driving circuit coupled to the control signal'"'"'s corresponding transmitting coil, and using each control signal to cause the driving circuit coupled to the control signal'"'"'s corresponding transmitting coil to cause a current with a magnitude and phase determined from the control signal to flow in the corresponding transmitting coil.

Claims

1. A method, comprising:

determining, by a base station comprising a plurality of transmitting coils, a first plurality of mutual magnetic parameters, each mutual magnetic parameter of the first plurality of mutual magnetic parameters being associated with a transmitting coil of the plurality of transmitting coils and a receiving coil of at least one receiving coil associated with at least one electronic device remotely located from and to be remotely charged by the base station;

determining, by the base station, a second plurality of mutual magnetic parameters, each mutual magnetic parameter of the second plurality of mutual magnetic parameters being associated with a different pair of transmitting coils of the plurality of transmitting coils;

determining, by the base station, a plurality of control signals based on the first plurality of mutual magnetic parameters and the second plurality of mutual magnetic parameters, each control signal of the plurality of control signals being associated with a corresponding transmitting coil of the plurality of transmitting coils;

providing each control signal of the plurality of control signals to a driving circuit coupled to the control signal'"'"'s corresponding transmitting coil; and

using each control signal of the plurality of control signals to cause the driving circuit coupled to the control signal'"'"'s corresponding transmitting coil to cause a current with a magnitude and phase determined from the control signal to flow in the corresponding transmitting coil, at least a first control signal of the plurality of control signals causing a first driving circuit coupled to the first control signal'"'"'s corresponding coil to cause a first current, representable as a complex quantity with a real part in a range of non-zero values and an imaginary part in a range of non-zero values, to flow in the corresponding transmitting coil.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one receiving coil includes a plurality of receiving coils.

3. The method of claim 2 further comprising determining, by the base station, a third plurality of mutual magnetic parameters, each mutual magnetic parameter of the third plurality of mutual magnetic parameters being associated with a different pair of receiving coils of the plurality of receiving coils, wherein determining the plurality of control signals if further based on the third plurality of mutual magnetic parameters.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the plurality of control signals is determined to achieve a maximum wireless energy transfer to the at least one of the receiving coils subject to a power constraint at the base station.

5. The method of claim 1 further comprising receiving an indication of a target power requirement at the base station from the electronic device, wherein determining the plurality of control signals is further based on the indication.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein the plurality of control signals is determined such that the target power requirement is achieved at the receiver.

7. The method of claim 1 further comprising receiving an indication of an impedance at the receiver from the receiver, wherein determining the plurality of control signals is further based on the indication of the impedance at the receiver.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein the plurality of control signals is determined such that a target power requirement is achieved at the receiver.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein each mutual magnetic parameter comprises a mutual inductance.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein each control signal of the plurality of control signals characterizes at least one of a coil current magnitude, a coil current phase, a coil voltage magnitude, and a coil voltage phase.

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving an indication that the electronic device is in a range for charging and needs to be charged from the electronic device prior to determining the mutual magnetic parameters.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein said indication is based at last in part on the value of a load of the at least one receiving coil of the at least one electronic device.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining, providing, and using are repeated in a predefined time interval.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the predefined time interval is between two and ten seconds.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining, providing, and using are performed for any orientation of the electronic device relative to the base station.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein the electronic device is a mobile phone, a smart phone, a tablet, a camera-phone or a portable computer.

17. A wireless energy transfer apparatus comprising:

a base station including a plurality of transmitting coils;

a plurality of driving circuits, each driving circuit of the plurality of driving circuits being coupled to a corresponding transmitting coil of the plurality of transmitting coils; and

a controller configured to;

determine a first plurality of mutual magnetic parameters, each mutual magnetic parameter of the first plurality of mutual magnetic parameters being associated with a transmitting coil of the plurality of transmitting coils and a receiving coil of at least one receiving coil associated with at least one electronic device remotely located from and to be remotely charged by the base station;

determine a second plurality of mutual magnetic parameters, each mutual magnetic parameter of the second plurality of mutual magnetic parameters being associated with a different pair of transmitting coils of the plurality of transmitting coils;

determine a plurality of control signals based on the first plurality of mutual magnetic parameters and the second plurality of mutual magnetic parameters, each control signal of the plurality of control signals being associated with a corresponding transmitting coil of the plurality of transmitting coils;

provide each control signal of the plurality of control signals to the driving circuit coupled to the control signal'"'"'s corresponding transmitting coil; and

use each control signal of the plurality of control signals to cause the driving circuit coupled to the control signal'"'"'s corresponding transmitting coil to cause a current with a magnitude and phase determined from the control signal to flow in the corresponding transmitting coil, at least a first control signal of the plurality of control signals causing a first driving circuit coupled to the first control signal'"'"'s corresponding coil to cause a first current, representable as a complex quantity with a real part in a range of non-zero values and an imaginary part in a range of non-zero values, to flow in the corresponding transmitting coil.

18. The wireless energy transfer apparatus of claim 17 wherein the at least one receiving coil includes a plurality of receiving coils.

19. The wireless energy transfer apparatus of claim 18 wherein the controller is further configured to determine a third plurality of mutual magnetic parameters, each mutual magnetic parameter of the third plurality of mutual magnetic parameters being associated with a different pair of receiving coils of the plurality of receiving coils, wherein determining the plurality of control signals if further based on the third plurality of mutual magnetic parameters.

20. The wireless energy transfer apparatus of claim 17 wherein the controller determines the plurality of control signals to achieve a maximum wireless energy transfer to the at least one of the receiving coils subject to a power constraint at the base station.

21. The wireless energy transfer apparatus of claim 17 wherein the controller receives an indication of a target power requirement at the base station from the electronic device and determines the plurality of control signals based at least in part on the indication.

22. The wireless energy transfer apparatus of claim 21 wherein the controller determines the plurality of control signals such that the target power requirement is achieved at the receiver.

23. The wireless energy transfer apparatus of claim 17 wherein the controller receives an indication of an impedance at the receiver from the receiver and the controller determines the plurality of control signals is based at least in part on the indication of the impedance at the receiver.

24. The wireless energy transfer apparatus of claim 23 wherein the controller determines the plurality of control signals such that a target power requirement is achieved at the receiver.

25. The wireless energy transfer apparatus of claim 17, wherein each mutual magnetic parameter comprises a mutual inductance.

26. The wireless energy transfer apparatus of claim 17, wherein each control signal of the plurality of control signals characterizes at least one of a coil current magnitude, a coil current phase, a coil voltage magnitude, and a coil voltage phase.

27. The wireless energy transfer apparatus of claim 17, wherein the controller receives an indication that the electronic device is in a range for charging and needs to be charged from the electronic device prior to determining the mutual magnetic parameters.

28. The wireless energy transfer apparatus of claim 27, wherein said indication is based at last in part on the value of a load of the at least one receiving coil of the at least one electronic device.

29. The wireless energy transfer apparatus of claim 17, wherein the controller is configured to repeat the determining, providing, and using in a predefined time interval.

30. The wireless energy transfer apparatus of claim 29, wherein the predefined time interval is between two and ten seconds.

31. The wireless energy transfer apparatus of claim 17, wherein the controller is configured to perform the determining, providing, and using for any orientation of the electronic device relative to the base station.

32. The wireless energy transfer apparatus of claim 17, wherein the electronic device is a mobile phone, a smart phone, a tablet, a camera-phone or a portable computer.