Spectral replacement to mitigate interference for multi-pass synthetic aperture radar

• US 10,495,750 B1
• Filed: 11/15/2016
• Issued: 12/03/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 11/19/2015
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: National Technology & Engineering Solutions Of Sandia LLC (Honeywell International Inc.)
• Original Assignee: National Technology & Engineering Solutions Of Sandia LLC (Honeywell International Inc.)
• Inventors: Musgrove, Cameron, Naething, Richard M., Bickel, Douglas L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Magloire, Vladimir
• Assistant Examiner(s): Pervin, Nuzhat
• Application Number:
  US15/351,949
• Time in Patent Office: 1,113 Days
• Field of Search: 342 25 F
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/9021 SAR image post-processing techniques
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/904 SAR modes
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/023 Interference mitigation, e.g. reducing or avoiding non-intentional interference with other HF-transmitters, base station transmitters for mobile communication or other radar systems, e.g. using electro-magnetic interference [EMI] reduction techniques auxiliary means for detecting or identifying radar signals or the like G01S7/021; means for anti-jamming G01S7/36

Abstract

Various technologies for mitigating interference artifacts in multi-pass synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery are described herein. First and second phase histories corresponding to first and second SAR passes over a scene are processed in image and phase-history domains to correct for spatially-variant and constant phase offsets between the phase histories that can be caused by known and unknown variations in motion of a SAR platform between passes. Data samples from one phase history can then be replaced with data samples from the other phase history to remove artifacts and distortions caused by sources of interference in the scene.

Claims

1. A system, comprising:

at least one processor; and

memory comprising instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform acts comprising;

responsive to receiving a first synthetic aperture radar (SAR) phase history of a scene corresponding to a first pass of a SAR platform and a second SAR phase history of the scene corresponding to a second pass of the SAR platform, resampling the first phase history and the second phase history to a common coordinate system;

applying a spatially-variant phase correction to a first image, the first image based upon the resampled first phase history, the spatially-variant phase correction based upon a spatially-variant phase offset between a second image and a third image, wherein the second image is based upon the second resampled phase history and the third image is based upon the first resampled phase history;

applying a constant phase correction to a third phase history, the third phase history based upon the spatially-variant phase-corrected first image, the constant phase correction based upon a constant phase offset between the third phase history and the resampled second phase history; and

replacing first data in the phase-corrected third phase history with second data in the resampled second phase history.

2. The system of claim 1, the acts further comprising generating a fourth image based upon the phase-corrected third phase history, the phase-corrected third phase history having the first data replaced with the second data.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first image is an image generated by an invertible image formation algorithm.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein the third phase history is a phase history generated by an inverse of the invertible image formation algorithm.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the first data in the phase-corrected third phase history corresponds to filtered data in the first phase history.

6. The system of claim 1, the acts further comprising:

responsive to resampling the first and second phase histories;

filtering third data in the first phase history, the third data corresponding to a location of missing data in the second phase history; and

filtering fourth data in the second phase history, the fourth data corresponding to a location of missing data in the first phase history; and

wherein the third image is based upon the filtered first phase history and the second image is based upon the second filtered phase history.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein the missing data in the first phase history and the missing data in the second phase history are filtered data values.

8. The system of claim 1, the acts further comprising:

registering the third image to the second image;

computing a maximum likelihood coherence between the registered third image and the second image;

unwrapping a two-dimensional phase of the maximum likelihood coherence; and

applying the unwrapped two-dimensional phase to the first image.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein applying the spatially-variant phase correction further comprises autofocusing the second and third images prior to registering the third image to the second image.

10. The system of claim 8, wherein registering the third image to the second image comprises:

registering an entirety of the third image with an entirety of the second image; and

registering each of a plurality of segments of the third image with a corresponding segment of the second image.

11. The system of claim 1, wherein applying the constant phase correction to the third phase history comprises:

iteratively calculating a coherence magnitude between an image formed from the third phase history and an image formed from the resampled second phase history, wherein a value of the constant phase correction applied to the third phase history is changed in each iteration; and

applying the value of the constant phase correction to the third phase history that maximizes the iteratively calculated coherence magnitude between the image formed from the third phase history and the image formed from the resampled second phase history.

12. A method, comprising:

responsive to receiving a first synthetic aperture radar (SAR) phase history of a scene corresponding to a first collection time and a second SAR phase history of the scene corresponding to a second collection time, resampling the first phase history and the second phase history to a common reference;

applying a spatially-variant phase correction to a first image, the first image based upon the resampled first phase history, the spatially-variant phase correction based upon a spatially-variant phase offset between a second image and a third image, the second image based upon the second resampled phase history, the third image based upon the first resampled phase history;

transforming the phase-corrected first image to a third phase history;

applying a constant phase correction to the third phase history based upon a constant phase offset between the third phase history and the resampled second phase history, wherein applying the constant phase correction to the third phase history results in a fourth phase history; and

replacing first data in the second phase history with second data in the fourth phase history to mitigate interference.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the first data corresponds to filtered data in the second phase history.

14. The method of claim 12, further comprising:

responsive to resampling the first and second phase histories;

filtering third data in the first phase history, the third data corresponding to a location of missing data in the second phase history; and

filtering fourth data in the second phase history, the fourth data corresponding to a location of missing data in the first phase history; and

wherein the third image is based upon the filtered first phase history and the second image is based upon the second filtered phase history.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the missing data in the first and second phase histories is filtered data.

16. The method of claim 12, wherein applying the spatially-variant phase correction comprises:

registering the third image to the second image;

computing a maximum likelihood coherence estimator between the registered third image and the second image;

unwrapping a two-dimensional phase of the maximum likelihood coherence estimator; and

applying the unwrapped two-dimensional phase to the first image.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein applying the spatially-variant phase correction further comprises autofocusing the second and third images prior to registering the third image to the second image.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein registering the third image to the second image comprises:

registering an entirety of the third image with an entirety of the second image; and

registering each of a plurality of segments of the third image with a corresponding segment of the second image.

19. The method of claim 12, wherein applying the constant phase correction to the third phase history comprises:

iteratively calculating a coherence magnitude between an image formed from the third phase history and an image formed from the resampled second phase history, wherein a value of the constant phase correction applied to the third phase history is changed in each iteration; and

applying the value of the constant phase correction to the third phase history that maximizes the iteratively calculated coherence magnitude between the image formed from the third phase history and the image formed from the resampled second phase history.

20. A computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a processor, perform the following acts:

responsive to receiving a first phase history corresponding to a first synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging scan of a scene and a second phase history corresponding to a second SAR imaging scan of the scene, resampling the first phase history and the second phase history to a common coordinate system;

filtering at least a portion of the resampled first phase history based upon a filtered portion of the second phase history;

forming first and second images based upon the first filtered phase history and the second resampled phase history, respectively;

executing an autofocus algorithm over each of the first and second images;

registering the first image to the second image;

calculating a coherence estimator between the registered first image and the second image;

unwrapping a two-dimensional phase of the coherence estimator;

applying a phase correction to a third image, the third image based upon the first phase history, the phase correction based upon the unwrapped two-dimensional phase;

executing a transform over the phase-corrected third image to generate a third phase history;

applying a constant phase offset to the third phase history based upon a constant phase difference between the second resampled phase history and the third phase history; and

generating an image of the scene in the first SAR imaging scan based at least in part upon the phase-offset third phase history and a value of the second resampled phase history.