Heterogeneous catalytic transesterification of ester compounds with groups reactive under transesterification conditions
First Claim
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1. A method comprising:
- contacting a first ester compound having one or more ester groups with hydrocarbyl moieties as part of each of the ester groups and a functional group which may undergo undesired side reactions under transesterification reaction conditions, with one or more alcohols having a hydrocarbon backbone and one or more hydroxyl groups or one or more second ester compounds having one or more ester groups with hydrocarbyl moieties different from the hydrocarbyl moieties on the first ester compounds, in the presence of one or more acids having a pKa in a polar aprotic solvent of about −
5 to less than 8 or esters of the acid under conditions that at least one of the hydrocarbyl moieties on the first ester compound is replaced by the alcohol hydrocarbon backbone or hydrocarbyl moieties from the second ester compounds;
wherein the catalyst is present in an amount of 0.001 molar equivalents to 0.1 molar equivalents based on the molar equivalents of the first ester compound and the reactants are contacted at a temperature of about 80°
C. to about 160°
C. wherein the functional group which may undergo undesired side reactions under transesterification reaction conditions is an unsaturated group and the unsaturated group is in the proximity of one or more electron withdrawing groups such that the electrophilicity or electron withdrawing characteristics of the unsaturated group are increased;
wherein the catalyst is heterogeneous.
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Abstract
Disclosed are methods for the heterogeneous catalytic transesterification of compounds having one or more ester groups and groups reactive under transesterification conditions, such as 1,1-disubstituted alkene compounds, with alcohols or esters and novel compositions prepared therefrom. Further disclosed are novel compounds and compositions prepared as a result of the methods.
223 Citations
18 Claims
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1. A method comprising:
- contacting a first ester compound having one or more ester groups with hydrocarbyl moieties as part of each of the ester groups and a functional group which may undergo undesired side reactions under transesterification reaction conditions, with one or more alcohols having a hydrocarbon backbone and one or more hydroxyl groups or one or more second ester compounds having one or more ester groups with hydrocarbyl moieties different from the hydrocarbyl moieties on the first ester compounds, in the presence of one or more acids having a pKa in a polar aprotic solvent of about −
5 to less than 8 or esters of the acid under conditions that at least one of the hydrocarbyl moieties on the first ester compound is replaced by the alcohol hydrocarbon backbone or hydrocarbyl moieties from the second ester compounds;
wherein the catalyst is present in an amount of 0.001 molar equivalents to 0.1 molar equivalents based on the molar equivalents of the first ester compound and the reactants are contacted at a temperature of about 80°
C. to about 160°
C. wherein the functional group which may undergo undesired side reactions under transesterification reaction conditions is an unsaturated group and the unsaturated group is in the proximity of one or more electron withdrawing groups such that the electrophilicity or electron withdrawing characteristics of the unsaturated group are increased;
wherein the catalyst is heterogeneous. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18)
- contacting a first ester compound having one or more ester groups with hydrocarbyl moieties as part of each of the ester groups and a functional group which may undergo undesired side reactions under transesterification reaction conditions, with one or more alcohols having a hydrocarbon backbone and one or more hydroxyl groups or one or more second ester compounds having one or more ester groups with hydrocarbyl moieties different from the hydrocarbyl moieties on the first ester compounds, in the presence of one or more acids having a pKa in a polar aprotic solvent of about −
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8. A method comprising:
- contacting a first ester compound having one or more ester groups with hydrocarbyl moieties as part of each of the ester groups and a functional group which may undergo undesired side reactions under transesterification reaction conditions, with one or more alcohols having a hydrocarbon backbone and one or more hydroxyl groups or one or more second ester compounds having one or more ester groups with hydrocarbyl moieties different from the hydrocarbyl moieties on the first ester compounds, in the presence of one or more acids having a pKa in a polar aprotic solvent of about −
5 to less than 8 or esters of the acid under conditions that at least one of the hydrocarbyl moieties on the first ester compound is replaced by the alcohol hydrocarbon backbone or hydrocarbyl moieties from the second ester compounds;
wherein the catalyst is present in an amount of 0.001 molar equivalents to 0.1 molar equivalents based on the molar equivalents of the first ester compound and the reactants are contacted at a temperature of about 80°
C. to about 160°
C. wherein the functional group which may undergo undesired side reactions under transesterification reaction conditions is an unsaturated group and the unsaturated group is in the proximity of one or more electron withdrawing groups such that the electrophilicity or electron withdrawing characteristics of the unsaturated group are increased;
wherein the catalyst is heterogeneous;wherein the heterogeneous catalyst comprises the acid or ester thereof supported on an inert carrier or a membrane; and wherein the heterogeneous catalyst is sulfated silicon oxide or triflated silicon oxide.
- contacting a first ester compound having one or more ester groups with hydrocarbyl moieties as part of each of the ester groups and a functional group which may undergo undesired side reactions under transesterification reaction conditions, with one or more alcohols having a hydrocarbon backbone and one or more hydroxyl groups or one or more second ester compounds having one or more ester groups with hydrocarbyl moieties different from the hydrocarbyl moieties on the first ester compounds, in the presence of one or more acids having a pKa in a polar aprotic solvent of about −
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9. A method comprising:
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contacting a first ester compound having one or more ester groups with hydrocarbyl moieties as part of each of the ester groups and a functional group which may undergo undesired side reactions under transesterification reaction conditions, with one or more alcohols having a hydrocarbon backbone and one or more hydroxyl groups or one or more second ester compounds having one or more ester groups with hydrocarbyl moieties different from the hydrocarbyl moieties on the first ester compounds, in the presence of one or more acids having a pKa in a polar aprotic solvent of about −
5 to less than 8 or esters of the acid under conditions that at least one of the hydrocarbyl moieties on the first ester compound is replaced by the alcohol hydrocarbon backbone or hydrocarbyl moieties from the second ester compounds;
wherein the catalyst is present in an amount of 0.001 molar equivalents to 0.1 molar equivalents based on the molar equivalents of the first ester compound and the reactants are contacted at a temperature of about 80°
C. to about 160°
C. wherein the functional group which may undergo undesired side reactions under transesterification reaction conditions is an unsaturated group and the unsaturated group is in the proximity of one or more electron withdrawing groups such that the electrophilicity or electron withdrawing characteristics of the unsaturated group are increased;
wherein the catalyst is heterogeneous;wherein the heterogeneous catalyst comprises the acid or ester thereof supported on a membrane. - View Dependent Claims (10)
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Specification