Battery performance monitoring

• US 10,509,076 B2
• Filed: 09/19/2016
• Issued: 12/17/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 09/19/2016
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Inventors: Maki, Jani
• Primary Examiner(s): Rossoshek, Helen
• Application Number:
  US15/269,921
• Publication Number:
  US 20180083455A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,184 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/3647 for determining the ability of a battery to perform a critical function, e.g. cranking
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/3648 comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/382 Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/389 Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/48 Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/486 for measuring temperature
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/572 Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/581 in response to temperature
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00304 Overcurrent protection
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

In an embodiment, a device comprises a controller configured to create a load pulse for a battery, measure battery voltage concurrently with the load pulse, measure battery current concurrently with the load pulse, calculate a battery resistance from the measured battery voltage and current and based on the battery resistance, calculate a maximum allowable current extractable from the battery, wherein the maximum allowable current is determined such that a voltage across the battery does not drop below a pre-specified threshold voltage when the maximum allowable current is drawn from the battery.

Claims

1. A device comprising:

a controller configured to;

create a periodic load pulse for a battery;

receive a temperature of the battery;

measure a battery voltage during creation of the load pulse;

measure a battery current during creation of the load pulse;

calculate a battery resistance from the measured battery voltage and the measured battery current; and

based on the battery resistance and the temperature of the battery, calculate a maximum allowable current extractable from the battery, wherein the maximum allowable current is determined such that a voltage across the battery does not drop below a system shutdown threshold voltage if the maximum allowable current is drawn from the battery and does drop below the system shutdown threshold voltage when a current greater than the maximum allowable current is drawn from the battery.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to:

estimate a load current needed by a load;

compare the estimated load current to the maximum allowable current;

allow the load to draw the estimated current if the estimated load current is less than the maximum allowable current; and

allow the load to draw a current which is lesser than the maximum allowable load current if the estimated load current is greater than the maximum allowable load current.

3. The device of claim 2, wherein the load comprises at least one of a hardware component, a software application, or a combination thereof.

4. The device of claim 1, further comprising a component, wherein the component is configured to:

receive the maximum allowable current from the controller;

estimate a load current needed for an operation;

compare the estimated load current with the maximum allowable current;

draw current if the estimated load current is less than the maximum allowable current; and

alter operation of the component if the estimated current is greater than the maximum allowable current, wherein altering the operation comprises one of;

terminating the operation, or adapting the operation to draw less current.

5. The device of claim 1, wherein the system shutdown threshold voltage is equal to a sum of a system shutdown voltage and a safety margin voltage.

6. The device of claim 1, further comprising a temperature sensor configured to measure the temperature of the battery.

7. The device of claim 6, wherein the controller is configured to receive a temperature of the battery from the temperature sensor.

8. The device of claim 6, wherein the controller is configured to compare the temperature to a threshold temperature and if the temperature is below the threshold temperature, re-determine the maximum allowable current.

9. A computer-readable storage device comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the following operations:

estimate a load current needed by the electric load;

create a load pulse for the battery;

receive a temperature of the battery;

measure a battery voltage during creation of the load pulse;

measure a battery current during creation of the load pulse;

calculate a battery resistance from the measured battery voltage and the measured battery current;

based on the battery resistance and the temperature of the battery, calculate a maximum allowable current extractable from the battery, wherein the maximum allowable current is determined so that a voltage across the battery does not drop below a system shutdown threshold voltage if the maximum allowable current is drawn from the battery and does drop below the system shutdown threshold voltage when a current greater than the maximum allowable current is drawn from the battery;

compare the estimated load current with the maximum allowable current;

allow the electric load to draw the estimated load current if the estimated load current is less than the maximum allowable current; and

prevent the electric load from drawing the estimated load current if the estimated load current is greater than the maximum allowable current.

10. The computer-readable storage device of claim 9, receiving, from a temperature sensor, the temperature of the battery.

11. The computer-readable storage device of claim 10, wherein the computer-executable instructions further cause the one or more processors to perform the following operations:

compare the temperature with a threshold temperature; and

recalculate the maximum allowable current if the temperature is below the threshold temperature.

12. The computer-readable storage device of claim 10, wherein the computer-executable instructions further cause the one or more processors to perform the following operation:

calculate the maximum allowable current periodically, the period being based on the temperature received from the temperature sensor.

13. The computer-readable storage device of claim 9, wherein the estimation of the load current is based at least partly on previously drawn currents by the electric load.

14. The computer-readable storage device of claim 9, wherein the pre-specified threshold voltage is a sum of a system shutdown voltage and a safety margin voltage.

15. The computer-readable storage device of claim 9, wherein if the maximum allowable current is below a pre-specified threshold, a graceful shutdown of the apparatus is initiated.

16. A method, executed by a controller, comprising:

creating a load pulse for a battery;

receive a temperature of the battery;

measuring a battery voltage during creation of the load pulse;

measuring a battery current during creation of the load pulse;

calculating a battery resistance from the measured battery voltage and battery current;

based on the battery resistance and the temperature of the battery, calculating a maximum allowable current extractable from the battery, wherein the maximum allowable current is determined such that a voltage across the battery does not drop below a system shutdown threshold voltage when the maximum allowable current is drawn from the battery and does drop below the system shutdown threshold voltage when a current greater than the maximum allowable current is drawn from the battery; and

storing a value of the maximum allowable current in a memory.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:

estimating a load current needed by a load;

comparing the estimated load current to the maximum allowable current;

allowing the load to draw the estimated load current if the estimated load current is less than the maximum allowable current; and

allowing the load to draw a current that is lesser than the maximum allowable load current if the estimated load current is greater than the maximum allowable load current.

18. The method of claim 16 further comprising:

receiving the temperature of the battery, from a temperature sensor configured to measure the temperature of the battery;

comparing the received temperature with a threshold temperature; and

if the received temperature is less than the threshold temperature, re-determining the maximum allowable current.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein the pre-specified threshold voltage is equal to a system shutdown voltage.

20. The method of claim 16, wherein the pre-specified threshold voltage is equal to a sum of a system shutdown voltage and a safety margin voltage.