Common mode noise compensation in wireless power systems

• US 10,523,063 B2
• Filed: 12/01/2017
• Issued: 12/31/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 04/07/2017
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Qiu, Weihong, Dayal, Rohan, Moussaoui, Zaki
• Primary Examiner(s): Fureman, Jared
• Assistant Examiner(s): Pham, Duc M
• Application Number:
  US15/829,850
• Publication Number:
  US 20180294682A1
• Time in Patent Office: 760 Days
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/12 of the resonant type
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/70 involving the reduction of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic leakage fields
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00045 Authentication, i.e. circuits for checking compatibility between one component, e.g. a battery or a battery charger, and another component, e.g. a power source

Abstract

Disclosed are devices, systems, and methods for reducing common mode noise induced in wireless charging circuits of electronic devices. For an electronic device having an inductive receiving coil near an electric shielding layer, differences in parasitic capacitances of the loops of the inductive receiving coil with an electric shielding layer can induce common mode noise. Common mode noise is reduced by a noise-reduction capacitor from the inductive receiving coil to the electric shielding layer together with a grounding resistor from the electric shielding layer to a common ground of the wireless charging circuit.

Claims

1. An electronic device, comprising:

a housing;

a receive coil comprising an electrode;

an electric shielding layer disposed between the receive coil and the housing;

a noise-reduction capacitor coupled to the electrode at a circuit node and coupled to the electric shielding layer; and

a grounding resistor connecting the electric shielding layer to a common ground.

2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein:

the receive coil comprises a plurality of concentric loops; and

the electrode is attached to an inner loop.

3. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein:

a capacitance of the noise-reduction capacitor balances a first capacitance and a second capacitance;

wherein the first capacitance is between inner loops of the receive coil and the electric shielding layer; and

wherein the second capacitance is between outer loops of the receive coil and the electric shielding layer.

4. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising:

a resonant capacitor connected in series between the electrode and a load,

wherein the circuit node couples the electrode to the resonant capacitor.

5. The electronic device of claim 4, wherein the noise-reduction capacitor has a capacitance that is less than a capacitance of the resonant capacitor.

6. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising:

a resonant capacitor connected in series between the electrode and a load;

wherein the circuit node couples the resonant capacitor to the load.

7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the noise-reduction capacitor is a variable capacitor operative to provide dynamic noise cancellation.

8. The electronic device of claim 7, wherein a capacitance of the noise-reduction capacitor is varied to account for a relative position of the receive coil with respect to a transmit coil exterior to the electronic device.

9. A method of reducing noise in wireless charging circuitry of an electronic device, the method comprising:

shielding the wireless charging circuitry with an electric shielding layer positioned between the wireless charging circuitry and an exterior surface of the electronic device;

connecting a resistor from the electric shielding layer to a common ground of the electronic device; and

coupling a noise-reduction capacitor in series from an electrode of a receive coil to the electric shielding layer of the electronic device.

10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:

connecting the noise-reduction capacitor between the electric shielding layer and a circuit node of the electronic device.

11. The method of claim 9, further comprising:

connecting the noise-reduction capacitor between the electric shielding layer and an output lead of a resonant capacitor coupled to the receive coil.

12. The method of claim 9, further comprising selecting a capacitance value of the noise-reduction capacitor to equalize a first capacitance and a second capacitance, wherein:

the first capacitance is between outer turns of the receive coil and the electric shielding layer; and

the second capacitance is between inner turns of the receive coil and the electric shielding layer.

13. The method of claim 9, wherein the noise-reduction capacitor is a variable capacitor, and further comprising adapting a capacitance of the noise-reduction capacitor in response to detected noise.

14. A system of wireless transmission of power to an electronic device, comprising:

a power transmitter comprising;

an exterior surface;

a transmit coil; and

a transmit-side electric shielding layer positioned between the exterior surface and the transmit coil; and

a power receiver within the electronic device comprising;

a receive coil comprising a electrode;

a receive-side electric shielding layer positioned between the receive coil and a housing of the electronic device;

a noise-reduction capacitor coupling the electrode to the receive-side electric shielding layer; and

a grounding resistor connected from the receive-side electric shielding layer to a common ground of the electronic device;

wherein;

the noise-reduction capacitor and the grounding resistor are operable to attenuate common mode noise.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein the power receiver further comprises a resonant capacitor connected in series between the electrode and a load, wherein:

the resonant capacitor is connected to the electrode at a circuit node; and

the noise-reduction capacitor is connected between the receive-side electric shielding layer and the circuit node.

16. The system of claim 15, wherein the noise-reduction capacitor has a capacitance that is less than a capacitance of the resonant capacitor.

17. The system of claim 14, wherein the power receiver further comprises a resonant capacitor connected in series between the electrode and a load, wherein:

the connection of the resonant capacitor with the load is at a circuit node; and

the noise-reduction capacitor is connected between the receive-side electric shielding layer and the circuit node.

18. The system of claim 14, wherein the receive coil is a planar coil comprising a set of concentric loops, wherein the electrode extends from an inner loop.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein the noise-reduction capacitor has a capacitance that is operable to equalize a capacitive coupling between inner loops of the receive coil and the receive-side electric shielding layer with a capacitive coupling between outer loops of the receive coil and the receive-side electric shielding layer.

20. The system of claim 14, wherein the noise-reduction capacitor has a variable capacitance, and the system adapts the variable capacitance to provide dynamic noise cancellation.