Autonomic group decision making using impedance scores

• US 10,528,879 B2
• Filed: 04/22/2014
• Issued: 01/07/2020
• Est. Priority Date: 04/22/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Bartek, Velda, Masselle, Eric Leonard, McGowan, Patrick Gabriel
• Primary Examiner(s): Nilsson, Eric
• Application Number:
  US14/258,449
• Publication Number:
  US 20150302308A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,086 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G06N 5/045 Explanation of inference; Explainable artificial intelligence [XAI]; Interpretable artificial intelligence
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 10/06 Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 10/101 Collaborative creation, e.g. joint development of products or services
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 10/109 Time management, e.g. calendars, reminders, meetings or time accounting
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/10 in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network software deployment G06F8/60; multiprogramming arrangements G06F9/46

Abstract

A method for autonomic group decision making may include presenting a plurality of decision options and receiving at least one decision option selected by each decision maker. A decision result may be presented including an indication of the preference for each option. Each decision maker may be allowed to revise the previously selected option for convergence to a single decision option for the group. An impedance score is determined for each decision maker in response to a decision maker selecting a different decision option. The impedance score may be based on one or more actions by the decision maker regarding selecting the decision option. A level of the impedance score indicates either progress toward or away from convergence. The impedance score may be revised each time a revised option is selected. The single decision option may be presented in response to the decision makers converging on the single decision option.

Claims

1. A system for autonomic group decision making, comprising:

a processor;

a group decision making module operating on the processor, the group decision making module being configured to perform a set of functions comprising;

presenting a plurality of decision options to each decision maker of a group of decision makers;

receiving at least one decision option selected by each decision maker from the plurality of decision options;

presenting a decision making result to each decision maker, the decision making result comprising an indication of the preference for each of the decision options by the group of decision makers;

allowing each decision maker to revise the at least one decision option previously selected by the decision maker for convergence to a single decision option by the group of decision makers;

determining an impedance score for each decision maker in response to at least one decision maker selecting a different at least one decision option from one previously selected, the impedance score of each decision maker being based on at least one action of a set of actions by the decision maker regarding selecting the at least one decision option, wherein a level of the impedance score indicates either a progression toward convergence to the single decision option or away from convergence to the single decision option by the decision maker associated with the impedance score;

revising the impedance score for a particular decision maker each time the particular decision maker selects a revised at least one decision option; and

presenting the single decision option in response to the decision makers converging on the single decision option; and

wherein the system further comprises a selection engine, wherein the at least one decision option selected by each decision maker comprises a multiplicity of decision options selected by each decision maker, and wherein the single decision option is selected in response to expiration of a preset time period, the selection engine being configured to perform a set of functions comprising;

determining a weighting associated with each decision maker based on the impedance score of each decision maker;

assigning a value to each of the multiplicity of decision options based on a preference for a particular decision option by each decision maker, a highest preferred decision option being assigned a highest value and a lowest preferred decision option being assigned a lowest value;

calculating a score for each of the multiplicity of decision options selected by each decision maker by multiplying the weighting associated with the decision maker by the value of each of the multiplicity of decision options selected by the decision maker; and

adding the scores from each decision maker for each respective decision option of the multiplicity of decision options selected by each decision maker, wherein the decision option having the highest score is selected as the single decision option.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein a lower impedance score indicates the at least one action of the set of actions by the decision maker progressing toward convergence to the single decision option and a higher impedance score indicates the at least one action of the set actions by the decision maker moving away from convergence to the single decision option, the set of actions for lowering the impedance score comprising:

changing to the at least one decision option selected by a greater number of decision makers;

a shorter time duration between selecting the revised at least one decision option than selecting a previous at least one decision option in progression toward convergence of the single decision option;

selecting a larger number of preferred decision options than previously selected;

foregoing an option to rank preferred selections of a group of decision options; and

modifying the at least one decision option to accommodate the selection of other decision makers for converging on the single decision option in less than the preset time period.

3. The system of claim 2, further comprising an impedance engine for determining and revising the impedance scores.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the decision module is further configured to perform a set of functions comprising:

presenting a revised decision making result each time at least one decision maker selects a different at least one decision option from one previously selected until the group of decision makers converge on the single decision option or expiration of the preset time period before the decision makers converge on the single decision option;

determining a revised impedance score for affected decision makers in response to the at least one decision maker selecting the different at least one decision option; and

presenting the revised impedance score for each affected decision maker to at least the affected decision maker.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein a new impedance score is dynamically determined during a decision making process based on the convergence to the single decision option in response to a different at least one decision option being selected by at least one decision maker of the group of decision makers.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the decision making module is configured to perform a further set of functions comprising:

receiving a multiplicity of decision options selected by each decision maker, wherein the multiplicity of decision options are ranked by each decision maker based on a preference for each of the multiplicity of decision options;

assigning a value to each of the multiplicity of decision options from each decision maker based on the preference for each of the multiplicity of decision options by each decision maker; and

determining the single decision option based on the impedance score for each decision maker and the assigned value of each of the multiplicity of decision options of each decision maker.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein assigning the value to each of the multiplicity of decision options from each decision maker comprises assigning a highest preference value to a highest preferred decision option by each decision maker and assigning a lowest preference value to each lowest preferred decision option.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein allowing each decision maker to revise the at least one decision option selected by the decision maker for convergence to the single decision option comprises presenting a graphical user interface to each decision maker comprising:

a number of decision makers that selected each decision option;

the impedance score for at least the decision maker; and

a feature for selecting a different at least one decision option from the at least one decision option previously selected by the decision maker.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein the weighting for a particular decision maker is determined by 1−

(I_dm−

I_min/I_range), wherein I_dm is the impedance score of the particular decision maker, I_min is a minimum impedance score and I_range is a range from a lowest impedance score to a highest impedance score for the group of decision makers.

10. A computer program product for autonomic group decision making, the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a device to cause the device to perform a method comprising:

presenting a plurality of decision options to each decision maker of a group of decision makers;

receiving at least one decision option selected by each decision maker from the plurality of decision options;

presenting a decision making result to each decision maker, the decision making result comprising an indication of the preference for each of the decision options by the group of decision makers;

allowing each decision maker to revise the at least one decision option previously selected by the decision maker for convergence to a single decision option by the group of decision makers;

determining an impedance score for each decision maker in response to at least one decision maker selecting a different at least one decision option from one previously selected, the impedance score of each decision maker being based on at least one action of a set of actions by the decision maker regarding selecting the at least one decision option, wherein a level of the impedance score indicates either a progression toward convergence to the single decision option or away from convergence to the single decision option by the decision maker associated with the impedance score;

revising the impedance score for a particular decision maker each time the particular decision maker selects a revised at least one decision option;

presenting the single decision option in response to the decision makers converging on the single decision option; and

wherein the at least one decision option selected by each decision maker comprises a multiplicity of decision options selected by each decision maker, and wherein selecting the single decision option in response to expiration of a preset time period comprises;

determining a weighting associated with each decision maker based on the impedance score of each decision maker;

assigning a value to each of the multiplicity of decision options based on a preference for a particular decision option by each decision maker, a highest preferred decision option being assigned a highest value and a lowest preferred decision option being assigned a lowest value;

calculating a score for each of the multiplicity of decision options selected by each decision maker by multiplying the weighting associated with the decision maker by the value of each of the multiplicity of decision options selected by the decision maker; and

adding the scores from each decision maker for each respective decision option of the multiplicity of decision options selected by each decision maker, wherein the decision option having the highest score is selected as the single decision option.

11. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the method further comprises:

presenting a revised decision making result each time at least one decision maker selects a different at least one decision option from one previously selected until the group of decision makers converge on the single decision option or expiration of the preset time period before the decision makers converge on the single decision option;

determining a revised impedance score for affected decision makers in response to the at least one decision maker selecting the different at least one decision option; and

presenting the revised impedance score for each affected decision maker to at least the affected decision maker.