Electric vehicle overhead charging system and method of use

• US 10,532,663 B2
• Filed: 02/16/2016
• Issued: 01/14/2020
• Est. Priority Date: 11/13/2015
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: NIO Technology Company Limited (Shanghai Anbin Technology Co., Ltd.)
• Original Assignee: Nio Usa Inc.
• Inventors: Ricci, Christopher P.
• Primary Examiner(s): Dunn, Drew A
• Assistant Examiner(s): Thapa, Sailesh
• Application Number:
  US15/044,940
• Publication Number:
  US 20170136904A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,428 Days
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 5/18 using bow-type collectors in contact with trolley wire
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 5/42 for collecting current from individual contact pieces connected to the power supply line
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/124 Detection or removal of foreign bodies
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/126 Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/14 Conductive energy transfer
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/32 by charging in short intervals along the itinerary, e.g. during short stops
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/35 Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/36 by positioning the vehicle
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/38 specially adapted for charging by inductive energy transfer
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/62 in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/63 in response to network capacity
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/65 involving identification of vehicles or their battery types
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/665 Methods related to measuring, billing or payment
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/00 Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/167 Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/126 : the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 30/14 : Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing

Abstract

Techniques for electric vehicle systems, and in particular to an electric vehicle emergency charging system and method of use. In one embodiment, a system for charging a moving electric vehicle is provided, the system comprising: an electrical storage unit disposed on the electric vehicle; a charging panel in electrical communication with the electrical storage unit; a vehicle controller that determines if the electrical storage unit requires charging and configured to determine if an overhead power source is available to charge the electrical storage unit; wherein the charging panel receives the charge from the overhead power source and charges the electrical storage unit.

Claims

1. A system for charging a moving electric vehicle, the system comprising:

an electrical storage unit disposed on the moving electric vehicle;

a charging panel in electrical communication with the electrical storage unit;

a vehicle controller that determines if the electrical storage unit requires charging and configured to determine if an overhead power source is available and able to charge the electrical storage unit, wherein the charging panel is configured to receive a charge from the overhead power source to charge the moving electric vehicle;

at least one distance sensor disposed at the charging panel and configured to measure a distance between the charging panel and the overhead power source;

a movement controller configured to adjust a position of the charging panel; and

at least one environmental sensor mounted on the moving electric vehicle,

wherein the movement controller controls the charging panel to be initially positioned at a selectable desired separation distance from the overhead power source such that the charging panel does not contact the overhead power source and the measured distance between the charging panel and the overhead power source is the same as the selectable desired separation distance,

wherein the selectable desired separation distance is selected from a vehicle database,

wherein the vehicle database includes a minimum visibility and a maximum wind speed desired for charging with the overhead power source,

wherein the environmental sensor senses environmental conditions surrounding the moving electric vehicle, the sensed environmental conditions including information regarding a possible roadway hazard or roadway event for the moving electric vehicle, a measured visibility, and a measured wind speed,

wherein the vehicle controller accesses the vehicle database and determines that the overhead power source is able to charge the moving electric vehicle when the measured visibility is above the minimum visibility and when the measured wind speed is below the maximum wind speed, and

wherein the movement controller adjusts the position of the charging panel while the moving electric vehicle is moving based on the information in order to maintain the selectable desired separation distance between the overhead power source and charging panel.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the charging panel is configured to operate in a plurality of states including a retracted state and a deployed state.

3. The system of claim 2, further comprising an actuator interconnected to the charging panel and to the moving electric vehicle, wherein the movement controller adjusts the position of the charging panel using the actuator.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein the at least one distance sensor is configured to measure a distance between the charging panel and a first wire of the overhead power source.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein a selectable nominal deployment distance is selected from the vehicle database.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein the positioning of the charging panel to the selectable nominal deployment distance is performed automatically by the actuator.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the overhead power source includes a first wire attached to a plurality of towers disposed on or adjacent to a roadway.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the charging panel is interconnected with a pantograph, the pantograph enabling the charging panel to operate in a retracted state and a deployed state.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein an amount of charge received at the electrical storage unit is selected from the vehicle database.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein the vehicle controller queries the vehicle database to determine if the moving electric vehicle is compatible with the overhead power source.

11. A method for charging a moving electric vehicle, the method comprising:

determining, by a microprocessor, a charge value of an electrical storage unit disposed on the moving electric vehicle;

determining, by the microprocessor, if the charge value is below a selectable threshold value;

identifying, by the microprocessor, if an overhead power source is available for and able to charge the electrical storage unit;

receiving, from at least one distance sensor disposed at a charging panel of the moving electric vehicle, a distance between the charging panel and the overhead power source;

receiving, from a vehicle database, a minimum visibility desired for charging with the overhead power source, a maximum wind speed desired for charging with the overhead power source, and a selectable desired separation distance indicating a distance between the overhead power source and the charging panel of the moving electric vehicle;

receiving, by the microprocessor, sensed environmental conditions from at least one environmental sensor, the sensed environmental conditions including information regarding a possible roadway hazard or roadway event for the moving electric vehicle, a measured visibility, and a measured wind speed; and

positioning, under control of the microprocessor, the charging panel of the moving electric vehicle to be initially positioned at the selectable desired separation distance from the overhead power source such that the charging panel does not contact the overhead power source and the distance received from the at least one distance sensor is the same as the selectable desired separation distance,

wherein the identifying includes determining that the overhead power source is able to charge the moving electric vehicle when the measured visibility is above the minimum visibility and when the measured wind speed is below the maximum wind speed,

wherein the charging panel receives charge from a charging line of the overhead power source and charges the electrical storage unit while the moving electric vehicle is moving, and

wherein the positioning adjusts the position of the charging panel while the moving electric vehicle is moving based on the information in order to maintain the selectable desired separation distance between the overhead power source and charging panel.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

measuring, by a sensor, an alignment measurement between the charging line and the charging panel;

transmitting, by the microprocessor, the alignment measurement to an alignment controller;

receiving, by the alignment controller, the alignment measurement;

determining, by the microprocessor, a required alignment adjustment; and

adjusting, by the microprocessor, the position of the charging panel by the required alignment adjustment.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the charging panel is configured to operate in a plurality of states including a retracted state and a deployed state.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising an actuator interconnected to the charging panel and to the moving electric vehicle, wherein the actuator is configured to move the charging panel to receive charge from the overhead power source.

15. The method of claim 14, further comprising determining, by the microprocessor, if the moving electric vehicle is compatible with the overhead power source.

16. The method of claim 11, wherein the overhead power source includes a first wire attached to a plurality of towers disposed on or adjacent to a roadway.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the charging panel is interconnected with a pantograph, the pantograph enabling the charging panel to operate in a retracted state and a deployed state.