Energy harvesting and control for sensor node

• US 10,536,036 B2
• Filed: 12/19/2017
• Issued: 01/14/2020
• Est. Priority Date: 02/17/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: University of Washinton
• Original Assignee: University of Virginia Patent Foundation (University of Virginia)
• Inventors: Calhoun, Benton H., Otis, Brian
• Primary Examiner(s): Barnie, Rexford N
• Assistant Examiner(s): Ortiz, Elim
• Application Number:
  US15/847,867
• Publication Number:
  US 20180183269A1
• Time in Patent Office: 756 Days
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2560/0214 of power generation or supply
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2560/0219 of externally powered implanted units
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/30 Input circuits therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/318 Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/369 Electroencephalography [EEG] devices for psychotechnics A61B5/16
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/389 Electromyography [EMG]
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3785 generated by biological activity or substance, e.g. body movement
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3787 from an external energy source
• CPC Class Codes: G05F 1/613 using semiconductor devices in parallel with the load as final control devices G05F1/461 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 1/3287 by switching off individual functional units in the computer system
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/23 The load being a medical device, a medical implant, or a life supporting device
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/00 Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/001 Energy harvesting or scavenging
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/12 of the resonant type
• CPC Class Codes: Y02D 10/00 Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management

Abstract

An integrated circuit, such as included as a portion of a sensor node, can include a regulator circuit having an input coupleable to an energy harvesting transducer. The integrated circuit can include a wireless receiver circuit coupled to the regulator circuit and configured to wirelessly receive at least enough operating energy to establish operation of the sensor node without requiring the energy harvesting transducer. The integrated circuit can include a digital processor circuit coupled to the regulator circuit and a power management processor circuit. The digital processor circuit or one or more other circuits can include a subthreshold operational mode established by the power management processor circuit based on the selected energy consumption level. For example, establishing the subthreshold operational mode can include adjusting or selecting a supply voltage so as to establish subthreshold operation of a field effect transistor (FET) in the digital processor circuit or other circuits.

Claims

1. A sensor node, comprising:

a regulator circuit including an input coupleable to an energy source that is configured to drive the input of the regulator circuit with at least sufficient operating energy to establish operation of the sensor node;

a digital processor circuit coupled to the regulator circuit; and

a power management processor circuit coupled to the digital processor circuit and configured to select an energy consumption level of the sensor node based on information related to the input and/or a system parameter of the sensor node;

the digital processor circuit including a subthreshold operational mode established by the power management processor circuit based on the selected energy consumption level.

2. The sensor node of claim 1, wherein the sensor node is battery-less.

3. The sensor node of claim 1, wherein the energy source includes a wireless receiver circuit configured to wirelessly receive the at least sufficient operating energy.

4. The sensor node of claim 1, wherein the energy source includes a wireless receiver circuit configured to wirelessly receive the at least sufficient operating energy, the wireless receiver circuit configured to drive the input of the regulator circuit without requiring energy supply from a battery.

5. The sensor node of claim 1, wherein the energy source includes an energy harvesting transducer.

6. The sensor node of claim 1, wherein the energy source includes an energy harvesting transducer configured to drive the input of the regulator circuit without requiring an energy supply from a battery.

7. The sensor node of claim 1, wherein the power management processor circuit is configured to select the energy consumption level of the sensor node at least in part to inhibit a reset or to inhibit an extinction of an operation of the sensor node.

8. The sensor node of claim 1, wherein the power management processor circuit is configured to establish the subthreshold operational mode by providing, adjusting or selecting a supply voltage so as to establish subthreshold operation of a field effect transistor (FET) in the digital processor circuit and/or the power processor management processor circuit.

9. The sensor node of claim 1, wherein the power management processor circuit is configured to establish the subthreshold operational mode by providing, adjusting or selecting a supply voltage so as to establish subthreshold operation of a field effect transistor (FET) in the digital processor circuit and/or the power management processor circuit, the subthreshold operation of the FET including operating the FET in a weak-inversion mode where a gate-to-source voltage is no greater than a threshold voltage of the FET.

10. The sensor node of claim 1, wherein the power management processor circuit is configured to establish the subthreshold operational mode by providing, adjusting or selecting a supply voltage so as to establish subthreshold operation of a field effect transistor (FET) in the digital processor circuit and/or the power management processor circuit, the supply voltage having a drain-to-source voltage below a threshold voltage of the FET.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein receiving the at least sufficient operating energy includes wirelessly receiving the at least sufficient operating energy via a wireless receiver circuit configured to drive the input of the regulator circuit without requiring energy supply from a battery.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein receiving the at least sufficient operating energy includes receiving the at least sufficient operating energy from an energy harvesting transducer configured to drive the input of the regulator circuit without requiring an energy supply from a battery.

14. The method of claim 10, wherein establishing the subthreshold operational mode includes providing, adjusting or selecting a supply voltage so as to establish subthreshold operation of a field effect transistor (FET) in the digital processor circuit and/or the power management processor circuit.

15. The method of claim 10, wherein selecting the energy consumption level of the sensor node includes selecting an energy consumption level configured at least in part to inhibit a reset or to inhibit an extinction of an operation of the sensor node.

11. A method, comprising:

receiving, at an input of a regulator circuit of a sensor node, at least sufficient operating energy to establish operation of the sensor node;

selecting, by a power management processor circuit coupled to a digital processor circuit of the sensor node, an energy consumption level of the sensor node based on information related to (1) the input and/or (2) a system parameter of the sensor node,

the digital processor circuit further coupled to the regulator circuit; and

establishing, by the power management processor circuit, a subthreshold operational mode of the digital processor circuit based on the selected energy consumption level.

16. A method, comprising:

obtaining, at an analog input of a sensor node, information indicative of one or more physiological signals;

selecting an energy consumption level of the sensor node based on information related to (1) available operating energy of the sensor node and/or (2) a system parameter of the sensor node; and

establishing a data path from the analog input to process and/or to transmit the obtained information based on the selected energy consumption level,

the data path established so as to include one or more of a general-purpose processor circuit and a function-specific processor circuit of the sensor node,

the one or more of a general-purpose processor circuit and a function-specific processor circuit of the sensor node including a subthreshold operational mode based on the selected energy consumption level.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the physiological signals include electrocardiogram signals, electroencephalogram signals and electromyogram signals.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the function-specific processor circuit includes an envelope detector circuit configured to determine an average power of the one or more physiological signals.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein the data path is established to exclude the general-purpose processor circuit and include the function-specific processor circuit.

20. The method of claim 16, wherein the data path includes a wireless data transmission path from a plurality of wireless data transmission paths uniquely associated with one of a streaming mode, a store-and-burst mode and an event-based burst mode.