Ammonia-based desulfurization process and apparatus
First Claim
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1. A method of ammonia-based oxidative desulfurization comprising;
- directing a current of sulfur dioxide containing gas through a vessel;
mixing, in an ammonia-mixing chamber, a liquid and an ammonia source to produce a first ammonia-containing liquid that has a first pH;
contacting, in an oxidation chamber, an oxygen-containing gas with a second ammonia-containing liquid that has a second pH that is lower than the first pH;
spraying, via a first sprayer assembly, the first ammonia-containing liquid in the vessel against the current;
after the spraying the first ammonia-containing liquid, recirculating the first ammonia-containing liquid to the ammonia-mixing chamber;
spraying via a second sprayer assembly, the second ammonia-containing liquid in the vessel against the current;
after the spraying the second ammonia-containing liquid, recirculating the second ammonia-containing liquid to the oxidation chamber; and
fluidically communicating the ammonia-mixing chamber and the oxidation chamber with a primary absorption section of the vessel upstream from the first sprayer assembly via a conduit having a first end and a second end, the first end configured to be joined to the primary spray absorption section, the second being bifurcated and configured to be joined to;
the oxidation chamber; and
the ammonia-mixing chamber.
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Abstract
Apparatus and methods for desulfurization of a sulfur-oxide containing gas by treatment with ammonia containing liquids. The apparatus and methods may utilize two distinct circuits of two different ammonia containing liquids which are applied in two distinct chambers. The gas may be cooled prior to entry into the circuits. There may be fluid communication between the two circulation circuits.
52 Citations
30 Claims
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1. A method of ammonia-based oxidative desulfurization comprising;
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directing a current of sulfur dioxide containing gas through a vessel; mixing, in an ammonia-mixing chamber, a liquid and an ammonia source to produce a first ammonia-containing liquid that has a first pH; contacting, in an oxidation chamber, an oxygen-containing gas with a second ammonia-containing liquid that has a second pH that is lower than the first pH; spraying, via a first sprayer assembly, the first ammonia-containing liquid in the vessel against the current; after the spraying the first ammonia-containing liquid, recirculating the first ammonia-containing liquid to the ammonia-mixing chamber; spraying via a second sprayer assembly, the second ammonia-containing liquid in the vessel against the current; after the spraying the second ammonia-containing liquid, recirculating the second ammonia-containing liquid to the oxidation chamber; and fluidically communicating the ammonia-mixing chamber and the oxidation chamber with a primary absorption section of the vessel upstream from the first sprayer assembly via a conduit having a first end and a second end, the first end configured to be joined to the primary spray absorption section, the second being bifurcated and configured to be joined to; the oxidation chamber; and the ammonia-mixing chamber. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23)
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24. An apparatus for removing sulfur from a gas stream, the apparatus comprising:
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a first sprayer circuit configured to spray a first liquid countercurrent to the gas stream, the first sprayer circuit including; a first sprayer assembly; and an ammonia-mixing chamber including; an ammonia input port; a first-liquid return port configured to receive first liquid after the first liquid is sprayed; and a first-liquid supply port configured to supply first liquid to the first sprayer assembly, the ammonia-mixing chamber defining a balance hole that places material from inside the ammonia-mixing box in diffusive communication with material from outside of the ammonia-mixing box; and a second sprayer circuit configured to spray a second liquid countercurrent to the gas stream, the second sprayer circuit including; a second sprayer assembly downstream, relative to the gas stream, from the first sprayer assembly; and an oxidation chamber having; a gas input configured for contacting an oxygen-containing gas with an ammonia-containing liquid in the oxidation chamber; a second-liquid return port configured to receive second liquid after the second liquid is sprayed; and a second-liquid supply port configured to supply second liquid to the second sprayer assembly; wherein, after the first and second liquids are sprayed, the first and second liquids are mixed to form a mixed reflux liquid. - View Dependent Claims (25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30)
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Specification