Flux-enhanced energy harvesting from current-carrying conductors

• US 10,651,686 B2
• Filed: 08/03/2017
• Issued: 05/12/2020
• Est. Priority Date: 08/03/2016
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Regents of the University of California (University of California)
• Original Assignee: Regents of the University of California (University of California)
• Inventors: White, Richard M., Wu, Zhiwei
• Primary Examiner(s): Barnie, Rexford N
• Assistant Examiner(s): Willoughby, Terrence R
• Application Number:
  US15/668,479
• Publication Number:
  US 20180048187A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,013 Days
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 38/14 Inductive couplings for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling H02J50/10
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 38/28 Current transformers
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/001 Energy harvesting or scavenging
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/12 of the resonant type
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/04 Regulation of charging current or voltage
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/02 Transmitters
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 3/54 Systems for transmission via power distribution lines

Abstract

An apparatus for harvesting power from a current carrying conductor without electrically contacting the conductor is provided. The apparatus employs a coil with core and flux concentrators of high magnetic permeability steel that redirect the time-varying magnetic flux of the conductor to interact more strongly with the coil, and increase the coil'"'"'s output voltage and power. A voltage converter may be used with a DC voltage output that can continually charge batteries or supercapacitors as well as provide energy for sensors, accelerometers, long-range radios to transmit data on local powerline conditions, and LEDs and buzzers. The apparatus may also have powered environmental sensors for measuring the concentrations of airborne particulate matter such as diesel exhaust and smoke, as well as toxic gases, greenhouse gases, allergenic pollens etc. The apparatus has a housing that is oriented and coupled to the conductor with a coupling.

Claims

1. An apparatus for harvesting power from a current carrying conductor without electrically contacting the conductor, the apparatus comprising:

(a) an energy harvesting coil having first and second faces, the coil having an output;

(b) a first flux condenser adjacent to the first face of the energy harvesting coil;

(c) a second flux condenser adjacent to the second face of the energy harvesting coil; and

(d) a voltage converter having an input and an output;

(e) the input of the voltage converter connected to the output of the energy harvesting coil; and

(f) the output of the voltage converter connected to an energy storage device;

(g) wherein captured energy from magnetic flux from a current carrying conductor is stored in the energy storage device.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the coil further comprises a core of laminated strips of high magnetic permeability steel.

3. The apparatus of claim 1:

wherein the coil further comprises a rectangular shape with a long axis and a short axis; and

wherein the long axis is configured for placement adjacent and parallel to a long axis of a current carrying conductor.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said first and second flux condensers each comprises at least one thin sheet of a high magnetic permeability steel.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

a housing enclosing the coil, flux condensers and voltage converter; and

at least one coupling configured to couple the housing to a current carrying conductor;

wherein the housing is oriented radially from a long axis of the current carrying conductor.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the coupling comprises:

a first arm;

a second arm; and

a hinge mounted to said first arm and to said second arm;

wherein said first arm can move with respect to said second arm axially about said hinge.

7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the coupling comprises one or more zip ties.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising;

a sensor having a power input connected to the energy storage device; and

a radiofrequency transmitter having a data input;

the sensor having a data output connected to the data input of the radiofrequency transmitter.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, further comprising a controller configured to control the sensors, transmitter and storage device.

10. An apparatus for harvesting power from a current carrying conductor without electrically contacting the conductor, the apparatus comprising:

(a) an energy harvesting coil having first and second faces, the coil having an output;

(b) a first flux condenser adjacent to the first face of the energy harvesting coil;

(c) a second flux condenser adjacent to the second face of the energy harvesting coil;

(d) a step-up voltage converter having an input and an output;

(e) the input of the step-up voltage converter connected to the output of the energy harvesting coil;

(f) a sensor having a power input connected to the output of the step-up voltage converter; and

(g) a radiofrequency transmitter having a data input;

(h) the sensor having a data output connected to the data input of the radiofrequency transmitter.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the sensor is selected from the group of sensors consisting of atmospheric gas sensors, temperature sensors, relative humidity sensors, atmospheric pressure sensors, particulate sensors, and accelerometers.

12. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising an energy storage device connected to the output of the step-up voltage converter.

13. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein said first and second flux condensers each comprises at least one thin sheet of a high magnetic permeability steel.

14. The apparatus of claim 10:

wherein the energy harvesting coil has a rectangular shape with a long axis; and

wherein the long axis is configured for placement adjacent and parallel to a long axis of the current carrying conductor.

15. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the energy harvesting coil comprises coil wire wound on a non-magnetic form, producing an air-core coil.

16. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the energy harvesting coil comprises coil wire wound on a ferromagnetic core.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the ferromagnetic core comprises a laminate of strips of material selected from the group of materials consisting of a high magnetic permeability steel, silicon steel, Permalloy™

, and Metglas™

.

18. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising:

a housing enclosing the coil, flux condensers and voltage converter; and

at least one coupling configured to couple the housing to a current carrying conductor;

wherein the housing is oriented radially from a long axis of the current carrying conductor.

19. An apparatus for harvesting power from a current carrying conductor without electrically contacting the conductor, the apparatus comprising:

(a) a rectangular energy harvesting coil having first and second faces and a long axis, the coil having an output;

(b) a first flux condenser adjacent to the first face of the energy harvesting coil;

(c) a second flux condenser adjacent to the second face of the energy harvesting coil;

(d) a step-up voltage converter having an input and an output;

(e) the input of the step-up voltage converter connected to the output of the energy harvesting coil; and

(f) the output of the step-up voltage converter connected to an energy storage device;

(g) at least one sensor having a power input connected to the energy storage device;

(h) a radiofrequency transmitter having a data input;

(i) the sensor having a data output connected to the data input of the radiofrequency transmitter;

(j) a controller operably coupled to the voltage converter, energy storage device, sensors and transmitter;

(k) a housing enclosing the coil, flux condensers and voltage converter; and

(l) at least one coupling configured to couple the housing to a current carrying conductor;

(m) wherein captured energy from magnetic flux from a current carrying conductor is stored in the energy storage device.