Antenna system facilitating reduction of interfering signals

• US 10,673,145 B2
• Filed: 05/08/2017
• Issued: 06/02/2020
• Est. Priority Date: 10/21/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Elwha LLC (Intellectual Ventures LLC)
• Original Assignee: Elwha LLC (Intellectual Ventures LLC)
• Inventors: Hyde, Roderick A., Kare, Jordin T., Wood, Jr., Lowell L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Tran, Hai V
• Assistant Examiner(s): Bouizza, Michael M
• Application Number:
  US15/589,551
• Publication Number:
  US 20170244172A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,121 Days
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/28 Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 13/20 Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 15/0053 Selective devices used as spatial filter or angular sidelobe filter
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 15/0086 said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 3/443 varying the phase velocity along a leaky transmission line frequency scanning H01Q3/22; non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line aerials H01Q13/20

Abstract

Described embodiments include an antenna system and method. The antenna system includes a surface scattering antenna that has an electromagnetic waveguide structure and a plurality of electromagnetic wave scattering elements. The plurality of electromagnetic wave scattering elements are distributed along the waveguide structure, have a respective activatable electromagnetic response to a propagating electromagnetic wave, and produce a controllable radiation pattern. A gain definition circuit defines a radiation pattern configured to acquire a possible interfering signal. The defined antenna radiation pattern has a field of view covering at least a portion of an undesired field of view of an associated antenna. An antenna controller establishes the defined radiation pattern in the surface scattering antenna by activating the respective electromagnetic response of selected electromagnetic wave scattering elements. A correction circuit reduces an influence of the received possible interfering signal in a contemporaneously received signal by the associated antenna.

Claims

1. An antenna system comprising:

a surface scattering antenna including;

an electromagnetic waveguide structure;

a plurality of electromagnetic wave scattering elements distributed along the waveguide structure and operable in combination to produce a controllable radiation pattern;

a gain definition circuit configured to define a radiation pattern configured to receive a possible interfering signal transmitted within an operating frequency band of an associated antenna, the associated antenna having a field of view that includes a desired field of view and an undesired field of view, and the defined antenna radiation pattern having a field of view covering at least a portion of the undesired field of view of the associated antenna, wherein the undesired field of view includes the possible interfering signal, and the desired field of view includes a target signal; and

a correction circuit configured to reduce an influence of the received possible interfering signal in a contemporaneously received signal by the associated antenna.

2. The system of claim 1, further comprising an antenna controller configured to establish the defined radiation pattern in the surface scattering antenna by activating a respective electromagnetic response of selected electromagnetic wave scattering elements of the plurality of electromagnetic wave scattering elements.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the aperture of the surface scattering antenna is less than 50% of the aperture of the associated antenna.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of electromagnetic wave scattering elements have an inter-element spacing substantially less than a free-space wavelength of a highest operating frequency of the surface scattering antenna, and each electromagnetic wave scattering element of the plurality of electromagnetic wave scattering elements has a respective activatable electromagnetic response to a guided wave propagating in the waveguide structure.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the surface scattering antenna includes a planar or non-planar surface scattering element.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of electromagnetic wave scattering elements are operable in combination to produce a controllable radiation envelope.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of electromagnetic wave scattering elements are operable in combination to produce a controllable radiation pattern in response to a control signal.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the defined radiation pattern is selected based on trial and error.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein the defined radiation pattern is selected from a library of potential radiation patterns.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein the defined radiation pattern is selected from a history of radiation patterns previously established in the surface scattering antenna.

11. The system of claim 1, wherein the desired field of view of the associated antenna includes a skyward or hemispherical view.

12. The system of claim 1, wherein the antenna controller is configured to establish the defined radiation pattern in the surface scattering antenna by applying a bias activating the respective electromagnetic response of the electromagnetic wave scattering elements of the plurality of electromagnetic wave scattering elements.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein the bias includes a bias voltage, bias field, bias current, or biasing mechanical inputs.

14. The system of claim 1, wherein the possible interfering signal includes a possible jamming signal.

15. The system of claim 1, wherein the possible interfering signal includes a possible spoofing signal.

16. The system of claim 1, wherein the possible interfering signal includes a possible malicious signal.

17. The system of claim 1, wherein the possible interfering signal includes a possible intentionally interfering signal.

18. The system of claim 17, wherein the adaptive correction circuit includes use of space-time adaptive processing in reducing an influence of the received possible interfering signal in the contemporaneously received signal.

19. The system of claim 1, wherein the possible interfering signal includes a possible unintentionally interfering signal.

20. The system of claim 1, wherein the correction circuit includes an adaptive correction circuit.

21. The system of claim 20, wherein the adaptive correction circuit is configured to determine phase and amplitudes of the received possible interfering signal and the contemporaneously received signal, and to combine the possible interfering signal and the contemporaneously received signal to produce a reduction of an influence of the received possible interfering signal in the contemporaneously received signal.

22. The system of claim 1, wherein a peripheral portion of the associated antenna includes the surface scattering antenna.

23. The system of claim 22, wherein the peripheral portion of the associated antenna includes an electromagnetic wave deflecting structure configured to direct an arriving electromagnetic wave into the defined radiation pattern on the surface scattering antenna.

24. The system of claim 23, wherein the wave deflecting structure includes a wave reflecting structure.

25. The system of claim 23, wherein the wave deflecting structure includes a lens structure.

26. The system of claim 23, wherein the wave deflecting structure includes a prism structure.

27. The system of claim 1, wherein the surface scattering antenna is configured to be mounted on an airborne vehicle.

28. The system of claim 1, wherein the surface scattering antenna is configured to be mounted on a missile.

29. The system of claim 1, wherein the surface scattering antenna is configured to be mounted on a terrestrial vehicle.

30. An antenna system comprising:

a surface scattering antenna including;

an electromagnetic waveguide structure;

a plurality of electromagnetic wave scattering elements distributed along the waveguide structure and operable in combination to produce a controllable radiation pattern;

a gain definition circuit configured to define a radiation pattern configured to receive a possible interfering signal transmitted within an operating frequency band of an associated antenna, the associated antenna having a field of view that includes a desired field of view and an undesired field of view, and the defined antenna radiation pattern having a field of view covering at least a portion of the undesired field of view of the associated antenna, wherein the undesired field of view includes the possible interfering signal, and the desired field of view includes a target signal.

31. The system of claim 30, further comprising a correction circuit configured to reduce an influence of the received possible interfering signal in a contemporaneously received signal by the associated antenna.

32. The system of claim 30, further comprising an antenna controller configured to establish the defined radiation pattern in the surface scattering antenna by activating a respective electromagnetic response of selected electromagnetic wave scattering elements of the plurality of electromagnetic wave scattering elements.

33. An antenna system comprising:

a surface scattering antenna including;

an electromagnetic waveguide structure;

a plurality of electromagnetic wave scattering elements distributed along the waveguide structure and operable in combination to produce a controllable radiation pattern, wherein the plurality of electromagnetic wave scattering elements have an inter-element spacing substantially less than a free-space wavelength of a highest operating frequency of the surface scattering antenna, and each electromagnetic wave scattering element of the plurality of electromagnetic wave scattering elements has a respective activatable electromagnetic response to a guided wave propagating in the waveguide structure; and

a gain definition circuit configured to define a radiation pattern configured to receive a possible interfering signal transmitted within an operating frequency band of an associated antenna, the associated antenna having a field of view that includes a desired field of view and an undesired field of view, and the defined antenna radiation pattern having a field of view covering at least a portion of the undesired field of view of the associated antenna, wherein the undesired field of view includes the possible interfering signal, and the desired field of view includes a target signal.