Capacitor and method of production thereof

• US 10,685,782 B2
• Filed: 06/27/2019
• Issued: 06/16/2020
• Est. Priority Date: 05/12/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Capacitor Sciences Incorporated (Bolloré SE)
• Original Assignee: Capacitor Sciences Incorporated (Bolloré SE)
• Inventors: Lazarev, Pavel Ivan, Sharp, Barry K., Furuta, Paul, Li, Yan, Kelly-Morgan, Ian S. G., Robinson, Matthew R., Membreno, Daniel
• Primary Examiner(s): Ferguson, Dion
• Application Number:
  US16/454,221
• Publication Number:
  US 20190341188A1
• Time in Patent Office: 355 Days
• Field of Search: None
• CPC Class Codes: C08G 73/0266 Polyanilines or derivatives thereof
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 4/002 Details
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 4/008 Selection of materials
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 4/01 Form of self-supporting electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 4/14 Organic dielectrics
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 4/18 of synthetic material, e.g. derivatives of cellulose H01G4/16 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 4/186 halogenated H01G4/145 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 4/32 Wound capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 4/38 Multiple capacitors, i.e. structural combinations of fixed capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 4/40 Structural combinations of fixed capacitors with other electric elements, the structure mainly consisting of a capacitor, e.g. RC combinations
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 29/00 Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor H01L31/00 - H01L33/00, H10K10/00, H10N take precedence; details other than of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof H01L23/00; devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate H01L27/00
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0068 Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply H02J7/0013 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/345 using capacitors as storage or buffering devices

Abstract

A capacitor includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a dielectric layer of molecular material disposed between said first and second electrodes. The molecular material is described by the general formula:
D_p-(Core)-H_q,
where Core is a polarizable conductive anisometric core, having conjugated π-systems, and characterized by a longitudinal axis, D and H are insulating substituents, and p and q are numbers of the D and H substituents accordingly. And Core possesses at least one dopant group that enhances polarizability.

Claims

1. A composition comprising:

electrode, and

a dielectric layer of molecular material disposed on said electrode,

wherein the molecular material is described by the general formula

D_p-(Core)-H_q 

 

(I)

where Core is a polarizable conductive anisometric core, having conjugated π

-systems, and characterized by a longitudinal axis,

D and H are insulating substituents, and

p and q are numbers of the D and H substituents accordingly,

wherein said substituents are selectively attached to any available positions on the polarizable anisometric core including apex positions and lateral positions as related to the longitudinal axis, and Core possesses one or more selectively attached dopant groups that enhance polarizability.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the molecular material is a polymeric material soluble in organic solvents.

3. The composition according to claim 2, wherein the polarizable conductive anisometric core is selected from the list comprising structures from 1 to 6 and the insulating substances D and H ensure the solubility of molecular material in organic solvents:

4. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the insulating substituents D and H are selected independently from the group consisting of alkyl, fluorinated alkyl, chlorinated alkyl, branched and complex alkyl, branched and complex fluorinated alkyl, branched and complex chlorinated alkyl groups, aryl, fluorinated aryl, chlorinated aryl, branched and complex aryl, branched and complex fluorinated aryl, branched and complex chlorinated aryl groups and any combination thereof.

5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the one or more dopant groups are selected from electrophilic (acceptor) groups and nucleophilic (donor) groups where the electrophilic groups are selected from —

NO₂, —

NH₃⁺and —

NR₃⁺(quaternary nitrogen salts), counterion Cl⁻

, counterion Br⁻

, —

CHO (aldehyde), —

CRO (keto group), —

SO₃H (sulfonic acids), —

SO₃R (sulfonates), SO₂NH₂ (sulfonamides), —

COOH (carboxylic acid), —

COOR (esters, from carboxylic acid side), —

COCl (carboxylic acid chlorides), —

CONH₂ (amides, from carboxylic acid side), —

CF₃, —

CCl₃, —

CN, wherein R is radical selected from the list comprising alkyl (methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, neopentyl, cyclohexyl etc.), allyl (—

CH₂—

CH═

CH₂), benzyl (—

CH₂C₆H₅) groups, phenyl (+substituted phenyl) and other aryl (aromatic) groups and the nucleophilic groups (donors) are selected from —

O⁻

(phenoxides, like —

ONa or —

OK), —

NH₂, —

NHR, —

NR₂, —

OH, —

OR (ethers), —

NHCOR (amides, from amine side), —

OCOR (esters, from alcohol side), alkyls, —

C₆H₅, vinyls, wherein R is radical selected from the list comprising alkyl (methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, neopentyl, cyclohexyl etc.), allyl (—

CH2—

CH═

CH2), benzyl (—

CH2C6H5) groups, phenyl (+substituted phenyl) and other aryl (aromatic) groups.

6. The composition according to claim 2, wherein one or more of said insulating substituents is connected to the polymeric material via one or more of said one or more dopant groups.

7. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the first and second electrodes are made of a material independently selected from the list comprising Pt, Cu, Al, Ag, Au, Ni, Al:

Ni and the metal foam and where the metal of the metal foam is selected from the list comprising Aluminum (Al), Nickel (Ni), Iron (Fe), and Copper (Cu), and a melting temperature of the metal foam is in the range 400 C-700 C, wherein metal content in the metal foam for electrode is in the range of 5% up to 30% by weight, and wherein the thickness of the first and second electrodes independently varies from 10nm to 1000 nm.

8. The composition according to claim 2, wherein the organic solvent is selected from benzene, toluene, xylenes, acetone, acetic acid, methylethylketone, hydrocarbons, chloroform, carbontetrachloride, methylenechloride, dichlorethane, chlorobenzene, alcohols, nitromethan, acetonitrile, dimethylforamide, 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran (THF), methylcyclohexane (MCH), and any combination thereof.

9. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric layer is a crystal dielectric layer, which comprises supramolecules formed with the aromatic polycyclic conjugated cores, and isotropic insulating sublayers formed with the D and H insulating substituents.

10. The composition according to claim 3, wherein the molecular material is selected from the list comprising structures from 7 to 12, where p=q=n:

11. An energy storage cell comprising:

one or more capacitive energy storage devices; and

a DC-voltage conversion device;

wherein each of the one or more capacitive energy storage devices includes one or more capacitors including the composition of claim 1, wherein the output voltage of the capacitive energy storage device is an input voltage of the DC-voltage conversion device during discharging the capacitive energy storage device, wherein the input voltage of the capacitive energy storage device is an output voltage of the DC-voltage conversion device while charging the capacitive energy storage device.

12. The energy storage cell according to claim 11, wherein the capacitive energy storage devices comprise more than one of the capacitors connected in series or parallel.

13. The energy storage cell according to claim 11, wherein the DC-voltage conversion device comprises a control board based on a bidirectional buck/boost converter and comprising microprocessor, communication interface analog to digital converters.