Monolithically integrated thin-film solid state lithium battery device having multiple layers of lithium electrochemical cells

• US 10,770,745 B2
• Filed: 11/09/2011
• Issued: 09/08/2020
• Est. Priority Date: 11/09/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Sakti3, Inc
• Original Assignee: Sakti3, Inc
• Inventors: Wang, Chia-Wei, Langlois, Marc, Kim, Hyoncheol, Chung, Myoungdo, Buckingham, Steve, Sastry, Ann Marie
• Primary Examiner(s): Gilliam, Barbara L
• Assistant Examiner(s): Martin, Angela J
• Application Number:
  US13/292,663
• Publication Number:
  US 20120058380A1
• Time in Patent Office: 3,226 Days
• Field of Search: None
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/052 Li-accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2220/20 Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/0423 Physical vapour deposition
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/13 Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/139 Processes of manufacture
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

A monolithically integrated thin-film solid-state lithium battery device to supply energy to a mobile communication device. The battery device comprises multiple layers ranging from greater than 100 layers to less than 20,000 layers of lithium electrochemical cells. The lithium electrochemical cells are connected in parallel or in series to conform to a spatial volume. The device is substantially free from a substrate member. The overlying multiple layers are free from any intermediary substrate member. The multiple layers are configured to form a plurality of electrochemical cells configured in a parallel arrangement or a serial arrangement using either a self terminated or post terminated connector configuration.

Claims

1. A monolithically integrated thin-film solid-state lithium battery device comprising:

a stacked arrangement of a plurality of layers of lithium electrochemical cells, each of the lithium electrochemical cells having a spatial region of less than 100 square centimeters, the stacked arrangement comprising;

a substrate having a layer thickness of less than 10 micrometers;

a first barrier layer formed over the substrate, the first barrier layer having a thickness of less than 0.1 micrometers and configured to inhibit lithium from reacting with moisture from the substrate;

a cathode current collector formed over the first barrier layer, the cathode current collector having an electrical conductivity of at least 10⁷ S/m and a layer thickness of between about 0.1 and about 2 micrometers;

a cathode comprising a vanadium based oxide formed over the cathode current collector and having a layer thickness of between about 0.2 and about 2 micrometers;

a glassy electrolyte material formed over the cathode and having a layer thickness of between about 0.1 and about 1 micrometers;

an anode formed over the glassy electrolyte material and configured for electrochemical insertion or ion plating and having a layer thickness between about 0.2 and about 3 micrometers;

an anode current collector formed over the anode and having an electrical conductivity of at least 10⁷ S/m and a layer thickness of between about 0.1 and about 2 micrometers; and

a second barrier layer formed over the anode current collector, the second barrier layer having a thickness of less than 0.1 micrometers and configured to prevent oxidation of the anode.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises a copper bearing material;

wherein at least one of the thicknesses of electrochemical cells is provided by cathode, electrolyte, anode, and current collectors; and

wherein the spatial region of each electrochemical cell is less than 50 centimeters square.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises a material having a mass density of less than 1500 kilogram per cubic meter.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein the first barrier layer comprises an oxide, a nitride, or a phosphate of a metal in Group 4, 10, 11, 13 or 14 of the periodic table, and wherein the barrier layer material comprises Li_xPO_y where x+y<

=7.

5. The device of claim 1, wherein the cathode and the anode current collector are made of a conductive metal selected from an element in Group 10, 11, or 13 of the periodic table.

6. The device of claim 1, wherein the cathode materials comprise an amorphous or a crystalline lithiated transition metal oxide or a lithiated transition metal phosphate.

7. The device of claim 1, wherein the glassy electrolyte material comprises amorphous lithiated oxynitride phosphorus with an ionic conductivity of from 10⁻

5 to 10<sup>−

4</sup> S/m.

8. The device of claim 1, wherein the anode comprises amorphous or crystalline lithiated metal/oxides, graphite, lithium, or lithium metal.

9. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is provided in a mobile phone or mobile appliance.

20. The device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of layers of lithium electrochemical cells comprises between 100 and 20,000 layers of lithium electrochemical cells.

21. The device of claim 1, wherein the lithium electrochemical cells of the plurality of layers of lithium electrochemical cells are connected in parallel.

22. The device of claim 1, wherein the lithium electrochemical cells of the plurality of layers of lithium electrochemical cells are connected in series.

23. The device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of layers of lithium electrochemical cells comprises post- or self-terminated current collectors.

10. A monolithically integrated thin-film solid-state lithium battery device comprising:

a stacked arrangement of a plurality of layers of lithium electrochemical cells, each of the lithium electrochemical cells having a spatial region of less than 100 square centimeters, the stacked arrangement comprising;

a substrate having;

a layer thickness of less than 10 micrometers;

a first barrier layer formed over the substrate, the first barrier layer having a thickness of less than 0.1 micrometers and configured to inhibit lithium from reacting with moisture from the substrate;

a cathode current collector formed over the first barrier layer, the cathode current collector having an electrical conductivity of at least 10⁷ S/m and a layer thickness of between about 0.1 and about 2 micrometers;

a cathode comprising a vanadium based oxide formed over the cathode current collector and having a layer thickness of between about 0.2 and about 2 micrometers;

a glassy electrolyte material formed over the cathode and having a layer thickness of between about 0.1 and about 1 micrometers;

an anode formed over the glassy electrolyte material and configured for electrochemical insertion or ion plating and having a layer thickness between about 0.2 and about 3 micrometers;

an anode current collector formed over the anode and having an electrical conductivity of at least 10⁷ S/m and a layer thickness of between about 0.1 and about 2 micrometers; and

a second barrier layer formed over the anode current collector, the second barrier layer having a thickness of less than 0.1 micrometers and configured to prevent oxidation of the anode,

wherein the monolithically integrated thin-film solid-state lithium battery device has an energy density greater than 850 Wh/L.

11. The device of claim 10, wherein the multiple layers of electrochemical cells is provided by physical vapor deposition in a sequence of barrier-cathode current collector-cathode-electrolyte-anode-anode current collector-anode barrier repeated more than 100 times, but less than 3000 times.

12. The device of claim 10, wherein the multiple layers of electrochemical cells is provided by physical vapor deposition in a sequence of cathode current collector-cathode-electrolyte-anode-anode current collector-anode-electrolyte-cathode-cathode current collector repeatedly more than 2 times.

13. The device of claim 10, wherein the substrate comprises a material having a mass density of less than 1500 kilogram per cubic meter.

14. The device of claim 10, wherein the cathode and the anode current collector are made of a conductive metal selected from an element in Group 10, 11, or 13 of the periodic table.

15. The device of claim 10, wherein the glassy electrolyte material comprises amorphous lithiated oxynitride phosphorus with an ionic conductivity ranging from 10⁻

5 to 10<sup>−

4</sup> S/m.

16. A monolithically integrated thin-film solid-state lithium battery device comprising:

a stacked arrangement of a plurality of layers of lithium electrochemical cells, each of the lithium electrochemical cells having a spatial region of less than 100 square centimeters, the stacked arrangement comprising;

a substrate having a layer thickness of less than 10 micrometers;

a first barrier layer formed over the substrate, the first barrier layer having a thickness of less than 0.1 micrometers and configured to inhibit lithium from reacting with moisture from the substrate;

a cathode current collector formed over the first barrier layer, the cathode current collector having an electrical conductivity of at least 10⁷ S/m and a layer thickness of between about 0.1 and about 2 micrometers;

a cathode comprising a vanadium based oxide formed over the cathode current collector and having a layer thickness of between about 0.8 and about 1.6 micrometers;

a glassy electrolyte material formed over the cathode and having a layer thickness of between about 0.1 and about 1 micrometers;

an anode formed over the glassy electrolyte material and configured for electrochemical insertion or ion plating and having a layer thickness between about 0.2 and about 3 micrometers;

an anode current collector

formed over the anode and having an electrical conductivity of at least 10⁷ S/m and a layer thickness of between about 0.1 and about 2 micrometers; and

a second barrier layer formed over the anode current collector, the second barrier layer having a thickness of less than 0.1 micrometers and configured to prevent oxidation of the anode

wherein the monolithically integrated thin-film solid-state lithium battery device has an energy density of 500 Watt-hours/liter or greater.

17. The device of claim 16, wherein the substrate comprises a material having a mass density of less than 1500 kilogram per cubic meters.

18. The device of claim 16, wherein the cathode and the anode current collector are made of a conductive metal selected from an element in Groups 10, 11, or 13 of the periodic table.

19. The device of claim 16, wherein the glassy electrolyte material comprises amorphous lithiated oxynitride phosphorus with an ionic conductivity ranging from 10⁻

5 to 10<sup>−

4</sup> S/m; and

wherein monolithically integrated thin-film solid-state lithium battery device has an energy density is above 850 Wh/L.