Q-factor detection method

• US 10,804,750 B2
• Filed: 08/16/2018
• Issued: 10/13/2020
• Est. Priority Date: 08/17/2017
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Integrated Device Technology Incorporated (Renesas Electronics Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Integrated Device Technology Incorporated (Renesas Electronics Corporation)
• Inventors: Liu, Rui, Guo, Zhitong, Jiang, Haiwen
• Primary Examiner(s): Barnie, Rexford N
• Assistant Examiner(s): Dhillon, Jagdeep S
• Application Number:
  US15/998,784
• Publication Number:
  US 20190140489A1
• Time in Patent Office: 789 Days
• Field of Search: 307149, 307 66, 307 64, 307109, 307 91, 307 101, 307104
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 27/2688 Measuring quality factor or dielectric loss, e.g. loss angle, or power factor power factor related to power measurements G01R21/006; testing capacitors G01R31/016
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 3/101 by measuring the impedance of the search coil; by measuring features of a resonant circuit comprising the search coil measuring impedance or characteristics derived therefrom G01R27/00, e.g. quality factor G01R27/26
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 3/38 Processing data, e.g. for analysis, for interpretation, for correction
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/12 of the resonant type
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/60 responsive to the presence of foreign objects, e.g. detection of living beings

Abstract

A method of measuring a Q-factor in a wireless power transmitter includes charging a capacitor in a LC tank circuit that includes a transmission coil to a voltage; starting a Q-factor determining by coupling the LC tank circuit to ground to form a free-oscillating circuit; monitoring the voltage across the capacitor as a function of time as the LC tank circuit oscillates; and determining the resonant frequency and the Q-factor from monitoring the voltage.

Claims

1. A wireless power transmitter, comprising:

a transmit coil, the transmit coil configured to transmit wireless power;

a capacitor coupled in series with the transmit coil to form a resonant circuit between a first node at the transmit coil and a second node at the capacitor, the transmitter coil and the capacitor being coupled at a third node;

a bridge circuit coupled to the first node and the second node of the resonant circuit;

a charging circuit coupled to the third node and configured to charge the capacitor with a charging voltage; and

a detection circuit coupled to the third node to receive a voltage across the capacitor and provide data related to the voltage;

a control circuit coupled to the bridge circuit, the charging circuit, and the detecting circuit,

wherein the control circuit controls the bridge circuit to provide current through the transmit coil to provide wireless power, and further

wherein the control circuit determines a Q-factor by controlling the bridge circuit to ground the second node and disconnect the first node, controlling the charging circuit to charge the capacitor when the second node is grounded, when the capacitor is charged controlling the bridge circuit to further ground the first node, and receiving the data from the detecting circuit while the resonant circuit oscillates to determine the Q-factor.

2. The transmitter of claim 1, wherein the control circuit includes a processor that executes instructions to:

control the bridge circuit and the charging circuit to ground the second node and charge the capacitor;

once the capacitor is charged, set the transmit coil and the series capacitor into a free oscillation by grounding the first node;

receive the data from the detection circuit; and

determine a Q-factor from the data.

3. The transmitter of claim 2, wherein the charging circuit includes:

a resistor coupled to the third node between the transmit coil and the capacitor; and

a charging transistor coupled in series between a voltage output to provide a charging current and the charging voltage to the capacitor.

4. The transmitter of claim 3, wherein the charging voltage does not activate a receiver placed proximate to the transmission coil.

5. The transmitter of claim 3, wherein the bridge circuit comprises:

a first transistor coupled between a voltage rail and the first node;

a second transistor coupled between the voltage rail and the second node;

a third transistor coupled between the first node and ground; and

a fourth transistor coupled between the second node and ground.

6. The transmitter of claim 5, wherein the instructions to charge the capacitor include instructions to

disconnect the first node by turning the first transistor and the third transistor to off;

ground the second node by turning the second transistor off and turning the fourth transistor to on; and

charge the capacitor by turning the charging transistor to on.

7. The transmitter of claim 6, wherein instructions to set the transmit coil and the series capacitor into free oscillation includes instructions to

stopping charging by turning the charging transistor to off;

measure an initial voltage across the capacitor at the third node, the initial voltage determined from the data; and

ground the first node by turning the third transistor on.

8. The transmitter of claim 2, wherein the data represents a decaying sinusoidal of the free oscillation and wherein the control circuit executes instructions to

determine a decay of an envelope of the data;

receive a resonant frequency from the detection circuit;

determine a voltage of the envelope at a time T; and

determine the Q factor from the voltage of the envelope.

9. The transmitter of claim 2, wherein the data represents a decaying sinusoidal of the free oscillation and wherein the control circuit executes instructions to

count a number of oscillations until a peak envelope voltage reaches ½

of an initial voltage;

determine the Q-factor from the number.

10. A method of measuring a Q-factor in a wireless power transmitter, comprising:

discontinuing transmission of wireless power, the wireless power being transmitted with a transmission coil coupled in series with a capacitor between a first node and a second node and driven by a bridge circuit coupled to the first node and the second node, the transmission coil and the capacitor forming an LC tank circuit;

operating the bridge circuit to ground the second node and disconnect the first node;

charging the capacitor in the LC tank circuit to a charged voltage by applying a charging voltage to a third node between the transmission coil and the capacitor;

when the capacitor is charged to the charged voltage, further operating the bridge circuit to ground the first node to form a free-oscillating circuit;

monitoring the voltage across the capacitor as a function of time as the LC tank circuit oscillates; and

determining the resonant frequency and a Q-factor from monitoring the voltage.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein charging the capacitor in the LC tank circuit includes

applying a voltage through a resistance to a third node where the transmit coil and the capacitor is coupled;

and

removing the voltage when the capacitor is charged to the charged voltage.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the voltage does not activate a receiver proximate to the transmit coil.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein monitoring the voltage includes

measuring the capacitor voltage at the third node as a function of time, the capacitor voltage being a decaying sinusoidal signal.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the resonant frequency and the Q-factor includes

determining the resonant frequency from the sinusoidal portion of the decaying sinusoidal signal;

and

determining the Q-factor from the decaying portion of the decaying sinusoidal signal.

15. The method of claim 10, further including

comparing the Q-factor with a threshold value;

and

indicating the presence of a foreign object if the Q-factor is less than the threshold value.

16. A wireless power transmitter, comprising:

means for charging a capacitor in a resonant circuit that includes the capacitor series coupled with a transmit coil between a first node and a second node, the means for charging the capacitor coupled to a third node between the capacitor and the transmit coil;

means coupled to the first node and the second node for driving the resonant circuit to transmit wireless power and to ground the first node and the second node during a Q-factor determination,

means for sampling a voltage across the capacitor at the third node as a function of time;

means for controlling coupled to the means for charging the capacitor, the means coupled to the first node and the second node, and the means for sampling,

wherein the means for controlling provides wireless power by controlling the means coupled to the first node and the second node to drive current through the transmit coil, and

wherein the means for controlling determines a Q-factor by controlling the means coupled to the first node and the second node to ground the second node and disconnect the first node, then controlling the means for charging to charge the capacitor, then, when the capacitor is charged, controlling the means coupled to the first node and the second node to ground the first node and receiving operating the and wherein the means for sampling the voltage samples data while the first node and the second node are grounded to provide data to determine the Q-factor;

wherein the means for controlling includes a means for determining a resonant frequency of the resonant circuit from the voltage sampled by the means for sampling; and

wherein the means for controlling includes means for determining a Q-factor from the voltage sampled by the means for sampling.

17. The wireless power transmitter of claim 16, further including

means for determining presence of a foreign object from the Q-factor.