Apparatuses and methods for neuromodulation
First Claim
1. A transdermal electrical stimulation (TES) device, the device comprising:
- a housing having a first surface;
a first connector and a second connector, wherein the first connector is configured to electrically connect with a first electrode and the second connector is configured to electrically connect with a second electrode; and
a TES controller at least partially within the housing, the controller comprising;
a waveform generator configured to deliver a pulsed, asymmetric, biphasic electrical stimulation signal between the first and second connectors, anda capacitive discharge circuit triggered by the controller and connected to one or both of the first and second connectors and configured to deliver a capacitive discharging pulse between a positive pulse and a negative pulse of the biphasic electrical stimulation signal to discharge a capacitive charge on either or both the first electrode and the second electrode.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Apparatuses (e.g., devices, systems), and methods for transdermal electrical stimulation (TES). Apparatuses described herein can be self-contained, lightweight, and wearable. The apparatuses and methods described herein be configured to apply an ensemble current waveform between the two or more electrodes, wherein the ensemble current waveform comprises a series of component waveforms that are sequentially applied, and wherein each component waveform is different from a component waveform immediately before it and wherein transitions between the component waveforms temporally correlates with transitions in the sensory experience. Also described are neurostimulators for application of transdermal electrical stimulation (TES) and methods of using them for comfortably inducing a cognitive effect. Also described are Methods and apparatuses for amplitude modulation of all or a portion of an ensemble waveform to modify a user'"'"'s cognitive state by transdermal electrical stimulation (TES).
245 Citations
15 Claims
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1. A transdermal electrical stimulation (TES) device, the device comprising:
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a housing having a first surface; a first connector and a second connector, wherein the first connector is configured to electrically connect with a first electrode and the second connector is configured to electrically connect with a second electrode; and a TES controller at least partially within the housing, the controller comprising; a waveform generator configured to deliver a pulsed, asymmetric, biphasic electrical stimulation signal between the first and second connectors, and a capacitive discharge circuit triggered by the controller and connected to one or both of the first and second connectors and configured to deliver a capacitive discharging pulse between a positive pulse and a negative pulse of the biphasic electrical stimulation signal to discharge a capacitive charge on either or both the first electrode and the second electrode. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11)
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12. A transdermal electrical stimulation (TES) device, the device comprising:
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a housing; a first surface on the housing; a first connector and a second connector on the first surface and separated by between 0.5 inches and 1.5 inches, wherein the first connector is configured to electrically connect with a first electrode of an electrode apparatus and the second connector is configured to electrically connect with a second electrode; and a TES controller at least partially within the housing, the controller comprising; a waveform generator configured to deliver a pulsed, asymmetric, biphasic electrical stimulation signal between the first and second connectors, and a capacitive discharge circuit triggered by the controller and connected to one or both of the first and second connectors and configured to deliver a gradual capacitive discharging pulse between a positive pulse and a negative pulse of the biphasic electrical stimulation signal, the capacitive discharging pulse delivering either or both;
a first charge to counter a first capacitive charge on the first electrode, and a second charge to counter a second capacitive charge on the second electrode.
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13. A method of applying transdermal electrical stimulation to a back of a subject'"'"'s neck with a transdermal electrical stimulation (TES) device, the method comprising:
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delivering a pulsed, asymmetric, biphasic electrical stimulation signal between a pair of electrodes of a TES device attached to the back of the subject'"'"'s neck, wherein the TES device comprises a first connector configured to electrically connect with a first electrode of the pair of electrodes and a second connector configured to electrically connect with a second electrode of the pair of electrodes, and a housing at least partially enclosing a controller having a waveform generator and a capacitive discharge circuit; and applying a capacitive discharging pulse between a positive pulse and a negative pulse of the biphasic electrical stimulation signal, the capacitive discharging pulse delivering either or both;
a first charge that counters a first capacitive charge on the first electrode, and a second charge that counters a second capacitive charge on the second electrode. - View Dependent Claims (14)
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15. A transdermal electrical stimulation (TES) device, the device comprising:
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a housing having a first surface; a first electrode and a second electrode; and a TES controller at least partially within the housing, the controller comprising; a waveform generator configured to deliver a pulsed, asymmetric, biphasic electrical stimulation signal between the first and second electrodes, the biphasic pulse including a positive pulse and a negative pulse, and a capacitive discharge circuit triggered by the controller and connected to one or both of the first and second electrodes and configured to deliver a capacitive discharging pulse that begins at a falling edge of the positive pulse or a rising edge of the negative pulse of the biphasic electrical stimulation signal to discharge a capacitive charge on either or both of the first electrode and the second electrode.
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Specification