System and method for maintaining efficiency of a fractal heat sink

• US 10,852,069 B2
• Filed: 07/08/2016
• Issued: 12/01/2020
• Est. Priority Date: 05/04/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Fractal Heatsink Technologies LLC
• Original Assignee: Fractal Heatsink Technologies LLC
• Inventors: Poltorak, Alexander
• Primary Examiner(s): Russell, Devon
• Application Number:
  US15/205,906
• Publication Number:
  US 20160320149A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,607 Days
• Field of Search: 165 803, 165 95, 165185, 165303
• CPC Class Codes: F28D 15/00 Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies F28D17/00, F28D19/00, F28D20/00 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F28F 13/12 by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation F28F13/08 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F28F 2215/10 Secondary fins, e.g. projections or recesses on main fins
• CPC Class Codes: F28F 2255/14 molded
• CPC Class Codes: F28F 3/02 Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations F28F3/08 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F28G 1/16 using jets of fluid for removing debris F28G1/12 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F28G 13/00 Appliances or processes not covered by groups F28G1/00 - F28G11/00; Combinations of appliances or processes covered by groups F28G1/00 - F28G11/00
• CPC Class Codes: F28G 15/003 Control arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: F28G 7/00 Cleaning by vibration or pressure waves
• CPC Class Codes: F28G 9/00 Cleaning by flushing or washing, e.g. with chemical solvents appliances using jets of fluid for removing debris F28G1/16, F28G3/16

Abstract

A heatsink comprising a heat exchange device having a plurality of heat exchange elements each having a surface boundary with respect to a heat transfer fluid, having successive elements or regions having varying size scales. According to one embodiment, an accumulation of dust or particles on a surface of the heatsink is reduced by a removal mechanism. The mechanism can be thermal pyrolysis, vibration, blowing, etc. In the case of vibration, adverse effects on the system to be cooled may be minimized by an active or passive vibration suppression system.

Claims

1. A heatsink system comprising:

a base structure configured to interface with a heat source, comprising a non-shear-force transmissive copper wire bundle;

a heat exchange device configured to receive heat from the base structure, and having a plurality of heat exchange elements and a heat exchange surface, the heat exchange surface being configured to emit heat into an external surrounding heat exchange medium, the heat exchange surface being subject to accumulation of particles; and

at least one device configured to reduce an accumulation of particles on the heat exchange surface, selected from the group consisting of at least one of;

a flow-inducing device configured to induce a flow of the heat exchange medium over the heat exchange surface, the induced flow of the heat exchange medium having a spatial turbulence pattern that changes over time;

a particle-dislodging device configured to mechanically disrupt an accumulation of particles on the plurality of heat exchange elements; and

a particle degrading device configured to induce a chemical modification of an accumulation of particles on the plurality of heat exchange elements.

2. The heatsink system according to claim 1, wherein the particle-dislodging device comprises a vibrator configured to vibrate a plurality of heat exchange elements comprising the heat exchange surface.

3. The heatsink system according to claim 1, wherein the particle-dislodging device comprises at least one of a piezoelectric transducer, an electromagnetic transducer, and a rotating motor, configured to induce a vibration in the plurality of heat exchange elements.

4. The heatsink system according to claim 1, wherein the particle-dislodging device comprises at least one of a fan and a pump, configured to induce a flow of the heat exchange medium over the plurality of heat exchange elements, the induced flow of the heat exchange medium being at least one of:

time-varying; and

induced to flow along at least one vector, in response to at least one control input, wherein the at least one vector is altered in dependence on the at least one control input.

5. The heatsink system according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchange medium comprises a gas having at least one of entrained particles and entrained droplets.

6. The heatsink system according to claim 1, further comprising an electrostatic charge generator, wherein the particle-dislodging device configured to mechanically disrupt an accumulation of particles on the plurality of heat exchange elements comprises an electrostatic discharge device responsive to the electrostatic charge generator.

7. The heatsink system according to claim 1, wherein the particle-dislodging device comprises at least one element configured to disrupt an accumulation of particles and alter a flow of a gas or fluid proximate to the accumulation of particles, selected from the group consisting of:

a shape memory alloy configured to undergo a shape change as a result of transition through a predefined temperature range,

an active actuator configured to alter at least one spatial relationship of a first of the plurality of heat exchange elements with respect to a second of the plurality of heat exchange elements in response to a control signal, and

a passive actuator configured to alter at least one spatial relationship of a first of the plurality of heat exchange elements with respect to a second of the plurality of heat exchange elements in response to an environmental change.

8. The heatsink system according to claim 7, wherein the actuator comprises an active actuator controlled by an automated electronic processor in dependence on a computational heat exchange model of the heatsink system.

9. The heatsink system according to claim 1, further comprising a vibrational transducer, controlled to cancel vibrations at the base structure produced by the particle dislodging device.

10. The heatsink system according to claim 9, wherein the non-shear force transmissive copper wire bundle is configured to act as a vibration damper.

11. The heatsink system according to claim 10, wherein the base structure comprises a plastic thermal transfer medium.

12. The heatsink system according to claim 1, wherein the particle-dislodging device comprises:

an electrical-vibration transducer;

a feedback transducer configured to detect vibrations; and

an oscillating signal generator configured to excite the electrical-vibration transducer, receiving a feedback signal from the feedback transducer.

13. The heatsink system according to claim 1, wherein the base structure further comprises an anisotropic vibration transmissive mount configured to isolate vibrations from the heat source.

14. The heatsink system according to claim 13, wherein the anisotropic vibration transmissive mount comprises a piston in a cylinder.

15. The heatsink system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of heat exchange elements have a plurality of resonant frequencies over a frequency range, and the particle-dislodging device comprises an electrical-vibration transducer and an oscillating signal generator, configured to generate vibrations over the frequency range, to resonate the plurality of heat exchange elements at the plurality of resonant frequencies.

16. The heatsink system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of heat exchange elements have characteristic dimensions over at least two orders of size scales.

17. The heatsink system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of heat exchange elements have an approximately fractal geometry in at least one of two dimensions and three dimensions.

18. The heatsink system according to claim 1, wherein the particle-degrading device comprises at least one of a pyrolizer, an oxidizer, a laser, and an electrical discharge plasma emitter.

19. A heat transfer device, comprising:

a base structure comprising a non-shear force transmissive, heat-transmissive wire bundle configured to interface with a heat source, damp vibrations communicated to the heat source, and receive heat from the heat source;

a heat exchange device configured to emit the received heat from a heat exchange surface, into an external surrounding heat exchange medium; and

at least one particle dislodging device, configured to produce a dynamically changing force on particles deposited on the heat exchange surface from the heat exchange medium having a force component adapted to reduce an accumulation of the deposited particles from the heat exchange surface while the base structure receives heat from the base and the heat exchange device emits heat into the heat exchange medium.

20. A fractal heat exchange device, comprising:

a base structure configured to interface with a heat source comprising a non-shear-force transmissive, heat conductive wire bundle;

a plurality of multiscale heat exchange elements attached to the base structure and being configured to receive heat from the base structure and emit the heat into an external surrounding heat transfer medium by radiation and convection; and

at least one of;

at least one of a fan and a compressor, configured to induce a time-varying flow of the heat transfer medium over the plurality of heat exchange elements, wherein at least portions of the time varying flow of the heat transfer medium over the plurality of heat exchange elements are turbulent, the time-varying flow of the heat transfer medium having a spatial turbulence pattern that changes over time;

a particle-dislodging device configured to mechanically disrupt an accumulation of particles on the plurality of heat exchange elements; and

a particle degrading device configured to induce a chemical modification of an accumulation of particles on the plurality of heat exchange elements.

21. The fractal heat exchange device according to claim 20, wherein the particle-degrading device is configured to degrade particles by at least one of pyrolysis, heat-induced oxidation, photo-induced oxidation, laser ablation, induced electrical discharge-induced oxidation, and plasma oxidation.

22. The fractal heat exchange device according to claim 20, wherein the particle dislodging device comprises a vibrator configured to vibrate at least one heat exchange element to reduce the accumulation of particles.

23. The fractal heat exchange device according to claim 20, wherein the particle dislodging device comprises at least one of a piezoelectric transducer, an electromagnetic transducer, and a rotating motor configured to induce vibrations to reduce particle accumulation on the plurality of heat exchange elements.

24. The fractal heat exchange device according to claim 20, further comprising a controller configured to control the time-varying flow of heat transfer medium over the plurality of heat exchange elements and a flow along at least one vector, in response to at least one control input, wherein the at least one vector is altered in dependence on the at least one control input.

25. The fractal heat exchange device according to claim 24, wherein the induced flow of heat exchange medium comprises entrained particles comprising at least one of liquid droplets and solid particles.

26. The fractal heat exchange device according to claim 20, wherein the particle dislodging device comprises an electrostatic device configured to reduce accumulation of particles on the heat exchange surface by altering at least one electrostatic charge.

27. The fractal heat exchange device according to claim 20, wherein the particle dislodging device comprises at least one shape memory alloy configured to reduce accumulation of particles on the heat exchange surface by heating and cooling the at least one shape memory alloy.

28. The fractal heat exchange device according to claim 20, wherein the heat transmissive wire bundle comprises an anisotropic vibration transmissive mount configured to isolate vibrations from the heat source.

29. The fractal heat exchange device according to claim 28, further comprising an anisotropic vibration transmissive mount having a piston in a cylinder.

30. The fractal heat exchange device according to claim 20, wherein the particle dislodging device comprises:

a vibrational transducer configured to generate vibrations to reduce accumulation of particles; and

a vibration cancelling device configured to cancel the generated vibration before reaching the base structure.

31. The fractal heat exchange device according to claim 30, wherein the non-shear force transmissive, heat-transmissive wire bundle comprises a copper wire bundle non-shear transmissive element.

32. The fractal heat exchange device according to claim 20, wherein the plurality of heat exchange elements have resonance frequencies over a range of frequencies, and the particle dislodging device comprises a vibration generator, configured to resonate the plurality of heat exchange elements over the over the range of frequencies.

33. The fractal heat exchange device according to claim 32, wherein the plurality of heat exchange elements have characteristic dimensions associated with the resonance frequencies over at least two orders of size scales.

34. The fractal heat exchange device according to claim 20, wherein the heat transfer medium comprises a gaseous medium having an entrained solvent.

35. The fractal heat exchange device according to claim 20, wherein the accumulation of particles on the heat exchange surface is reduced by altering at least one spatial relationship of a first of the plurality of heat exchange elements with respect to a second of the plurality of heat exchange elements to at least one of disrupt an accumulation of particles and alter a flow of a gas or fluid proximate to the accumulation of particles, with at least one of:

a shape memory alloy configured to undergo a shape change as a result of transition through a predefined temperature range,

an active actuator configured to alter at least one spatial relationship of a first of the plurality of heat exchange elements with respect to a second of the plurality of heat exchange elements in response to a control signal, and

a passive actuator configured to alter at least one spatial relationship of a first of the plurality of heat exchange elements with respect to a second of the plurality of heat exchange elements in response to an environmental change.

36. The fractal heat exchange device according to claim 35, wherein the actuator is an active actuator controlled by an automated electronic processor in dependence on a computational heat exchange model.

37. The fractal heat exchange device according to claim 20, wherein the heat exchange surface has a shape defined by fractal geometry.

38. The fractal heat exchange device according to claim 20, wherein the particle degrading device comprises:

an auxiliary heat source distant from the heat source, the auxiliary heat source being configured to heat accumulated particles in a vicinity of the heat source; and

a pyrolizer configured to pyrolize an accumulation of particles on the plurality of heat exchange elements using heat from the auxiliary heat source.

39. The fractal heat exchange device according to claim 20, wherein the particle dislodging device comprises an electrostatic charge generator and an electrostatic discharge device, the electrostatic charge generator being configured to induce a first static electrical charge on at least a portion of the heat exchange surface, sufficient to repel dust particles.

40. The fractal heat exchange device according to claim 39, further comprising a second static electrical charge generator, configured to generate a static charge on particles in the heat exchange medium, the second static electrical charge having the same polarity as a polarity of the first static electrical charge.

41. The fractal heat exchange device according to claim 20, wherein the non-shear-force transmissive, heat conductive wire bundle comprises wire strands having different lengths.

42. The fractal heat exchange device according to claim 20, wherein the wires of the non-shear-force transmissive, heat conductive wire bundle comprise wire strands having different lengths.