Lithium ion battery

• US 11,139,471 B2
• Filed: 05/17/2019
• Issued: 10/05/2021
• Est. Priority Date: 05/17/2018
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Ltd.
• Inventors: Zhang, Ming, Zhang, Hao, Zhang, Cuiping, Han, Changlong, Fu, Chenghua
• Primary Examiner(s): Rhee, Jane J
• Application Number:
  US16/415,043
• Publication Number:
  US 20190355983A1
• Time in Patent Office: 872 Days
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0525 Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0567 characterised by the additives
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2004/028 Positive electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0025 Organic electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/131 Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/366 as layered products
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/485 of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy H01M4/505, H01M4/525 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/505 of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/525 of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/60 of organic compounds

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a lithium ion battery including a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, a separator, and an electrolyte. The positive electrode plate includes a positive electrode current collector, and a positive electrode film disposed on a surface of the positive electrode current collector and containing a positive electrode active material. The positive electrode active material includes a matrix, a first coating layer on the matrix in form of discrete islands, and a second coating layer on the first coating layer and the matrix as a continuous layer. The electrolyte includes an additive A and an additive B. The additive A is selected from a group consisting of cyclic sulfate compounds represented by Formula 1 and Formula 2, and combinations thereof, and the additive B is one or two selected from lithium difluorobisoxalate phosphate and lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate.

Claims

1. A lithium ion battery, comprising:

a positive electrode plate;

a negative electrode plate;

a separator disposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate; and

an electrolyte comprising a lithium salt and an organic solvent,

wherein the positive electrode plate comprises a positive electrode current collector, and a positive electrode film disposed on a surface of the positive electrode current collector and containing a positive electrode active material,

the positive electrode active material comprising;

a matrix having a general formula of Li_xNi_yCo_zM_kMe_pO_rA_m, where 0.95≤

x≤

1.05, 0≤

y≤

1, 0≤

z≤

1, 0≤

k≤

1, 0≤

p≤

0.1, y+z+k+p=1, 1, ≤

r≤

2, 0≤

m≤

2, m+r≤

2, M is one or two selected from Mn and Al, Me is selected from a group consisting of Zr, Zn, Cu, Cr, Mg, Fe, V, Ti, Y, Nb, and combinations thereof, and A is selected from a group consisting of N, F, S, Cl, and combinations thereof;

a first coating layer, in form of discrete islands, located on the surface of the matrix, the first coating layer being an oxide of a metal element N, the metal element N being selected from a group consisting of Al, Zr, Mg, Ti, Co, Y, Ba, Cd, and combinations thereof; and

a second coating layer, in form of a continuous layer, located on the first coating layer and the surface of the matrix, the second coating layer being an oxide of an element N′

, the element N′

being selected from a group consisting of B, Sn, S, P, and combinations thereof,

wherein the electrolyte further comprises an additive A and an additive B,

the additive A being selected from a group consisting of cyclic sulfate compounds represented by Formula 1 and Formula 2, and combinations thereof, where in Formula 1 and Formula 2, m is an integer selected from 2 to 3, n is an integer selected from 0 to 3, and R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ are each independently selected from a group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, carboxyl, sulfonyl, C₁-C₂₀ alkyl, C₁-C₂₀ halogenated alkyl, C₂-C₂₀ unsaturated hydrocarbyl, and C₂-C₂₀ halogenated unsaturated hydrocarbyl, and

the additive B being one or two selected from lithium difluorobisoxalate phosphate and lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate;

2. The lithium ion battery according to amended claim 1, wherein the positive electrode active material has a specific surface area in a range of 0.3 m²/g to 0.8 m²/g.

3. The lithium ion battery according to amended claim 1, wherein

a content of the metal element N in the first coating layer is in a range of 0.05% to 1% based upon a mass of the matrix, and

a content of the element N′

in the second coating layer is in a range of 0.05% to 0.8% based upon the mass of the matrix.

4. The lithium ion battery according to amended claim 1, wherein

the first coating layer further contains Li;

and

the second coating layer further contains Li.

5. The lithium ion battery according to amended claim 1, wherein in the matrix, 0.70≤

y≤

0.95, 0≤

z≤

0.2, 0≤

k≤

0.2, 0≤

p≤

0.05, and y+z+k+p=1.

6. The lithium ion battery according to amended claim 1, wherein in a residual lithium material on a surface of the positive electrode active material, a content of LiOH is higher than a content of Li₂CO₃.

7. The lithium ion battery according to amended claim 1, wherein the additive A is selected from a group consisting of the following compounds, and combinations thereof:

8. The lithium ion battery according to amended claim 1, wherein

a content of the additive A is in a range of 0.01% to 3%, preferably 0.15% to 2.5%, further preferably 0.3% to 2% based upon a total mass of the electrolyte;

a content of the additive B is in a range of 0.01% to 3%, preferably 0.1% to 2%, and further preferably 0.2% to 1% based upon the total mass of the electrolyte.

9. The lithium ion battery according to amended claim 1, wherein the organic solvent is at least two of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, 1,4-butyrolactone, methyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfone, methyl ethyl sulfone, and diethyl sulfone.

10. The lithium ion battery according to amended claim 1, wherein the electrolyte further comprises one or more of vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, succinonitrile, adipicdinitrile, and 1,3-propenesultone.