Methods and devices for providing scalable RFID networks

• US 20050252971A1
• Filed: 12/09/2004
• Published: 11/17/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 05/13/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Inventors: Leo, Michael De, Chokshi, Jayesh, Moon, Bruce, Howarth, Arthur G., Saville, Roland, Singhal, Rajiv
• Granted Patent: US 7,422,152 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 235/451
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2402 Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting mechanical aspects of the tags, e.g. related to locking E05B73/0017; RFID readers G06K7/00; RFID tags G06K19/00; access control systems G07C9/00; anti-theft control in point of sale systems G07G3/003; security seals G09F3/03
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2101/604 Address structures or formats
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2101/663 Transport layer addresses, e.g. aspects of transmission control protocol [TCP] or user datagram protocol [UDP] ports
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 41/0806 for initial configuration or provisioning, e.g. plug-and-play
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 41/0843 based on generic templates
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 41/0883 Semiautomatic configuration, e.g. proposals from system
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 41/12 Discovery or management of network topologies
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/4511 using domain name system [DNS]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/5007 Internet protocol [IP] addresses
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/5014 using dynamic host configuration protocol [DHCP] or bootstrap protocol [BOOTP]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/1001 for accessing one among a plurality of replicated servers
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/1021 based on client or server locations
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 28/088 among core entities
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/00 Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 8/26 Network addressing or numbering for mobility support

Abstract

According to some implementations of the present invention, RFID devices and middleware servers are automatically provisioned with a network address and with instructions for sending a request for a middleware server to a middleware server assigner. In some implementations, the middleware server assigner is a load balancer. In some implementations, a middleware server is associated with a plurality of RFID devices by associating a middleware server network address or names with the network addresses of the RFID devices. Preferred methods also provide for redundancy of middleware servers and dynamic re-assignment of RFID devices from an unavailable middleware server to an available middleware server.

Claims

1. A method of dynamically managing a network, the method comprising:

provisioning each of a plurality of radio frequency identification (“

RFID”

) devices in the network;

associating each RFID device with one of a plurality of locations;

transmitting a middleware server request from provisioned RFID devices;

assigning one of a plurality of middleware servers to each of the requesting RFID devices; and

associating each of the requesting RFID devices with an assigned middleware server.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitting step comprises transmitting the middleware server request to a load balancer.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the provisioning step comprises assigning an RFID device network address and a load balancer network address, further comprising:

receiving a request from an application program regarding RFID devices associated with a location; and

providing RFID device network addresses for RFID devices associated with the location.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of associating each RFID device with one of a plurality of locations comprises forming domain name server (“

DNS”

) entries that include location information for the RFID devices.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the provisioning step comprises:

receiving a provisioning request;

automatically identifying an RFID device according to a media access control (“

MAC”

) address and an electronic product code (“

EPC”

) included in the provisioning request;

automatically locating the RFID device according to location information included in the provisioning request; and

automatically providing the RFID device with a desired functionality according to an identity and a location of the RFID device.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the provisioning step comprises:

forming a DHCPDISCOVER request that includes an electronic product code (“

EPC”

) of an RFID device and location information indicating a location of the RFID device;

sending the DHCPDISCOVER request to a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (“

DHCP”

) server; and

receiving provisioning information from the DHCP server that is specifically intended for the RFID device, the provisioning information enabling a desired functionality according to an identity and a location of the RFID device.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the provisioning step comprises assigning an RFID device network address and a load balancer network address and wherein the step of associating each of the requesting RFID devices with an assigned middleware server comprises forming domain name server (“

DNS”

) TXT entries that indicate middleware server information, each of the TXT entries being associated with a DNS entry for an RFID device.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the provisioning step comprises assigning an RFID device network address and a load balancer network address

9. The method of claim 3, further comprising providing RFID data to the application program from RFID devices associated with the location.

10. The method of claim 4, wherein the location information comprises site information.

11. The method of claim 4, wherein the location information comprises information identifying a portion of a site.

12. The method of claim 4, wherein the location information comprises site access area information.

13. The method of claim 9, wherein the RFID data comprise RFID tag data.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising the step of using the RFID tag data to automatically update a database.

15. The method of claim 13, further comprising the step of using the RFID tag data to cause a financial account to be debited.

16. The method of claim 13, further comprising the step of using the RFID tag data to update a business plan.

17. The method of claim 13, wherein the RFID tag data comprise product information.

18. The method of claim 13, wherein the RFID tag data comprise information about a person.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein the business plan is one of a marketing plan, a manufacturing plan, a distribution plan or a sales plan.

20. A network, comprising:

a plurality of RFID devices in various locations of a site;

a plurality of middleware servers associated with the site; and

an assigner, wherein the RFID devices are provisioned with an RFID device network address, an assigner network address and instructions to send a request to the assigner for a middleware server, and wherein the assigner is configured to assign an RFID device to a middleware server in response to the request.

21. The network of claim 20, wherein the assigner is a load balancer.

22. The network of claim 20, further comprising a DNS server configured to maintain RFID device network addresses and corresponding location and site information for the RFID devices.

23. The network of claim 22, wherein the DNS server is configured to maintain middleware server network addresses and corresponding site information for the middleware servers.

24. The network of claim 23, wherein a middleware server updates RFID device information in the DNS server to indicate assigned middleware servers.

25. The network of claim 24, further comprising an application server configured to create an entry in the DNS server corresponding to all registered devices of a site.

26. The network of claim 25, wherein the application server is further configured to request network addresses for all RFID devices associated with a location.

27. The network of claim 25, wherein the application server is configured to send requests to a middleware server.

28. The network of claim 27, wherein the middleware server retrieves RFID device location information and provides the RFID device location information to the application server in response to the application server'"'"'s request.

29. A method of dynamically managing a network, the method comprising:

provisioning each of a plurality of radio frequency identification (“

RFID”

) devices in the network, wherein the provisioning step comprises providing an RFID device with a designated load balancer;

associating each RFID device network address with one of a plurality of locations;

causing RFID devices to send a first middleware server request to a designated load balancer;

assigning a first middleware server of a plurality of available middleware servers to a first plurality of the requesting RFID devices;

associating the RFID device of each of the first plurality of RFID devices with the first middleware server;

receiving an indication that the first middleware server is no longer an available middleware server;

causing each of the first plurality of RFID devices to send a second middleware server request to the load balancer;

assigning a second middleware server of a plurality of available middleware servers to N RFID devices of the first plurality of RFID devices; and

associating each of the N RFID devices with the second middleware server.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein the associating steps comprise forming domain name server (“

DNS”

) TXT entries that indicate middleware server information, each of the TXT entries being associated with a DNS entry for an RFID device.

31. The method of claim 29, wherein the indication comprises a loss of communication with the first middleware server.

32. The method of claim 29, wherein the indication comprises information from a network administrator.

33. A radio frequency identification (“

RFID”

) network, comprising;

means for provisioning each of a plurality of radio frequency identification (“

RFID”

) devices in the network;

means for associating each RFID device with one of a plurality of locations;

means for transmitting a middleware server request from provisioned RFID devices;

means for assigning one of a plurality of middleware servers to each of the requesting RFID devices; and

means for associating each of the requesting RFID devices with an assigned middleware server.

34. The network of claim 33, wherein the transmitting means comprises means for transmitting the middleware server request to a load balancer.

35. The network of claim 33, wherein the provisioning means comprises means for assigning an RFID device network address and a load balancer network address, the network further comprising:

means for receiving a request from an application program regarding RFID devices associated with a location; and

means for providing RFID device network addresses for RFID devices associated with the location.

36. The network of claim 33, wherein the means for associating each RFID device with one of a plurality of locations comprises means for forming domain name server (“

DNS”

) entries that include location information for the RFID devices.

37. The network of claim 33, wherein the provisioning means comprises:

means for receiving a provisioning request;

means for automatically identifying an RFID device according to a media access control (“

MAC”

) address and an electronic product code (“

EPC”

) included in the provisioning request;

means for automatically locating the RFID device according to location information included in the provisioning request; and

means for automatically providing the RFID device with a desired functionality according to an identity and a location of the RFID device.

38. A computer program for dynamically managing a network, the computer program embodied in a machine-readable medium and containing instructions for controlling devices in the network to perform the following steps:

provisioning each of a plurality of radio frequency identification (“

RFID”

) devices in the network;

associating each RFID device with one of a plurality of locations;

transmitting a middleware server request from provisioned RFID devices;

assigning one of a plurality of middleware servers to each of the requesting RFID devices; and

associating each of the requesting RFID devices with an assigned middleware server.