Dynamic telemetry encoding for an implantable medical device

• US 20050283208A1
• Filed: 06/17/2004
• Published: 12/22/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 06/17/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Cardiac Pacemakers Incorporated (Boston Scientific Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Cardiac Pacemakers Incorporated (Boston Scientific Corporation)
• Inventors: Rawat, Prashant, Von Arx, Jeffrey A.
• Granted Patent: US 7,519,430 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 607/60
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37223 Circuits for electromagnetic coupling
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37254 Pacemaker or defibrillator security, e.g. to prevent or inhibit programming alterations by hackers or unauthorised individuals

Abstract

A telemetry system provides a selectable encoding protocol, including, for example, a plurality of redundancy levels, where the encoding protocol is selected based on a measure of transmission efficiency. For example, later messages are transmitted using an increased redundancy if a prior message exhibits a low signal to noise ratio. A communication session is initiated using a first level of redundancy and the level is adjusted based on a channel characteristic or a measured parameter.

Claims

1. An implantable device comprising:

an interface to receive an outbound message to be wirelessly communicated to a remote device;

a processor coupled to the interface and configured to encode the outbound message with redundant data to form an encoded outbound message, the redundant data generated as a function of the outbound message and having a redundancy level selected from a plurality of redundancy levels; and

a far field transmitter coupled to the processor and adapted to transmit the encoded outbound message at a message throughput rate determined as a function of the redundancy level.

2. The device of claim 1 wherein the transmitter is adapted to transmit using a communication channel and further wherein the redundancy level is selected as a function of a characteristic of the communication channel.

3. The device of claim 1 wherein the processor is adapted to encode using at least one of any combination of block coding, convolutional coding, repetition coding and pseudo random sequence coding.

4. The device of claim 1 wherein the processor includes an encoding protocol selector and the processor is configured to implement one of a plurality of encoding protocols as determined by a selector signal on the encoding protocol selector and wherein the plurality of encoding protocols includes a first encoding protocol having a first redundancy level and a second encoding protocol having a second redundancy level which differs from the first redundancy level.

5. The device of claim 1 wherein the processor includes an encoding length selector and the processor is configured to encode at one of a plurality of encoding lengths as determined by a selector signal on the encoding length selector and wherein the plurality of encoding lengths includes a first encoding length having a first redundancy level and a second encoding length having a second redundancy level which differs from the first redundancy level.

6. The device of claim 1 further including:

an implantable receiver coupled to the processor and adapted to receive an inbound signal from the remote device;

wherein the processor is configured to decode the inbound signal to generate an inbound message; and

a memory coupled to the processor and adapted to store the inbound message.

7. The device of claim 6 wherein the redundancy level is selected as a function of the inbound message.

8. The device of claim 7 wherein the redundancy level is selected as a function of at least one of a signal strength of the inbound message and an error rate associated with the inbound message.

9. The device of claim 6 wherein the implantable receiver includes a far field radio frequency receiver.

10. The device of claim 6 wherein the processor includes an error detector configured to identify an error in the inbound message.

11. The device of claim 10 wherein the redundancy level is determined as a function of an error rate identified by the error detector.

12. An implantable device comprising:

a far field receiver to receive an inbound signal from a remote device, the inbound signal encoded with an inbound message having a variable level of redundant data, wherein a rate of throughput of the inbound message is determined as a function of the level;

a processor coupled to the receiver and configured to determine the level and decode the inbound message; and

a memory coupled to the processor to store the inbound message.

13. The device of claim 12 wherein the processor is configured to identify an encoding protocol used to encode the inbound signal and to decode the inbound message using at least one of a plurality of decoding protocols.

14. The device of claim 12 further including:

a data source coupled to the processor and configured to provide an outbound message; and

an implantable transmitter coupled to the processor and configured to transmit an outbound signal generated as a function of the outbound message.

15. The device of claim 14 wherein the implantable transmitter includes a far field radio frequency transmitter.

16. The device of claim 14 wherein the data source includes at least one of any combination of a monitor circuit and a pulse generator.

17. The device of claim 14 wherein the data source includes an error detector coupled to the processor and adapted to identify an error in the inbound message.

18. A method comprising:

receiving an outbound message from an interface of an implantable device;

selecting a redundancy level from a plurality of redundancy levels for the outbound message;

supplementing the outbound message with redundant data to form a transformed message, the redundant data generated as a function of the outbound message and the selected redundancy level; and

transmitting a far field signal from the implantable device to a remote device, the far field signal generated as a function of the transformed message and having a message throughput rate determined as a function of the selected redundancy level.

19. The method of claim 18 wherein receiving the outbound message includes receiving an intracardiac signal.

20. The method of claim 18 wherein supplementing the outbound message with redundant data includes implementing at least one of any combination of block coding, convolutional coding, repetition coding and pseudo random sequence coding.

21. The method of claim 18 further including receiving an encoding protocol selector signal and wherein supplementing the outbound message with redundant data includes encoding the outbound message with an encoding protocol selected as a function of the encoding protocol selector signal.

22. The method of claim 18 further including:

receiving an incoming signal from the remote device;

decoding the incoming signal to generate an incoming message; and

storing data as a function of the incoming message in a memory of the implantable device.

23. The method of claim 22 wherein the incoming message includes data corresponding to an error rate and wherein supplementing the outbound message with redundant data includes implementing an encoding protocol selected from a plurality of encoding protocols based on the error rate.

24. A method comprising:

receiving an inbound signal from a remote device using a far field receiver of an implantable device, the inbound signal encoded with a level of redundant data selected from a plurality of levels and having a message throughput rate determined as a function of the selected level of redundancy;

transforming the inbound signal by removing the redundant data to form an inbound message; and

storing the inbound message in a memory of the implantable device.

25. The method of claim 24 wherein transforming the inbound signal includes decoding the inbound signal using at least one of a plurality of decoding protocols.

26. The method of claim 24 wherein transforming the inbound signal includes decoding the inbound signal using executable instructions corresponding to at least one of any combination of block coding, convolutional coding, repetition coding and pseudo random sequence coding.

27. The method of claim 24 further including:

generating an outbound message at the implantable device; and

transmitting an outbound signal from the implantable device, the outbound signal generated as a function of the outbound message.

28. The method of claim 27 wherein transmitting includes a transmitting using a far field radio frequency transmitter.

29. The method of claim 27 wherein generating the outbound message includes receiving data from at least one of any combination of a monitor circuit and a pulse generator.

30. The method of claim 24 wherein transforming the inbound signal includes identifying an error in the inbound message.

31. The method of claim 24 wherein transforming the inbound signal includes identifying an error in the inbound message and further including:

generating an outbound message at the implantable device, the message generated as a function of the identified error; and

transmitting an outbound signal from the implantable device, the outbound signal generated as a function of the outbound message.

32. A device comprising:

an input interface to receive an outbound message to be communicated to an implantable device;

a processor coupled to the interface and configured to encode at least a portion of the outbound message with redundant data to form an encoded outbound message and having a redundancy level selected from a plurality of redundancy levels, the redundant data generated as a function of the outbound message; and

a far field transmitter coupled to the processor and adapted to transmit the encoded outbound message at a message throughput rate determined as a function of the redundancy level.

33. The device of claim 32 wherein the processor is adapted to encode using at least one of any combination of block coding, convolutional coding, repetition coding and pseudo random sequence coding.

34. The device of claim 32 wherein the processor includes an encoding protocol selector and the processor is configured to implement one of a plurality of encoding protocols as determined by a selector signal on the encoding protocol selector and wherein the plurality of encoding protocols includes a first encoding protocol having a first redundancy level and a second encoding protocol having a second redundancy level which differs from the first redundancy level.

35. The device of claim 32 wherein the processor includes an encoding length selector and the processor is configured to encode at a redundancy length as determined by a selector signal on the encoding length selector and wherein the plurality of encoding lengths includes a first encoding length having a first redundancy level and a second encoding length having a second redundancy level which differs from the first redundancy level.

36. The device of claim 32 wherein the input interface includes at least one of any combination of a keyboard, a mouse, a trackball, a touch sensitive screen, a network interface and a memory.

37. The device of claim 32 further including:

a receiver coupled to the processor and adapted to receive an inbound signal from the implantable device, wherein the processor is configured to decode the inbound signal to generate an inbound message; and

an output device coupled to the processor to receive the inbound message.

38. The device of claim 37 wherein the output device includes at least one of any combination of a display, a printer, a memory and a network interface.

39. The device of claim 37 wherein the receiver includes a far field radio frequency receiver.

40. The device of claim 37 wherein the processor includes an error detector configured to identify an error in the inbound message.

41. The device of claim 40 wherein the processor is adapted to encode the outbound message using redundancy level selected as a function of an error rate determined by the error detector.

42. A device comprising:

a far field receiver to receive an inbound signal from an implantable device, the inbound signal encoded with redundant data and having a redundancy level selected from a plurality of redundancy levels and having a message throughput rate determined as a function of the redundancy level;

a processor coupled to the receiver and configured to decode the inbound signal to remove the redundant data and form an inbound message; and

a memory coupled to the processor to store the inbound message.

43. The device of claim 42 wherein the processor is configured to decode the inbound signal using at least one of a plurality of decoding protocols.

44. The device of claim 42 further including:

a data source coupled to the processor and configured to provide an outbound message; and

a transmitter coupled to the processor and configured to transmit an outbound signal generated as a function of the outbound message.

45. The device of claim 44 wherein the transmitter includes a far field radio frequency transmitter.

46. The device of claim 44 wherein the data source includes at least one of any combination of a keyboard, a mouse, a trackball, a touch sensitive screen, a network interface and a memory.

47. The device of claim 44 wherein the data source includes an error detector coupled to the processor and adapted to identify an error in the inbound message.

48. The device of claim 42 wherein the memory is coupled to at least one of any combination of a display, a printer, a memory and a network interface.

49. A method comprising:

receiving an outbound message from an interface of an external device;

supplementing the outbound message with redundant data to form a transformed message, the redundant data generated as a function of the outbound message and having a redundancy level selected from a plurality of redundancy levels; and

transmitting a far field signal from the external device to an implantable device, the far field signal generated as a function of the transformed message and having a message throughput rate determined as a function of the redundancy level.

50. The method of claim 49 wherein receiving the outbound message includes receiving data from at least one of any combination of a keyboard, a mouse, a trackball, a touch sensitive screen, a network interface and a memory.

51. The method of claim 49 wherein supplementing the outbound message with redundant data includes implementing at least one of any combination of block coding, convolutional coding, repetition coding and pseudo random sequence coding.

52. The method of claim 49 further including receiving an encoding protocol selector signal and wherein supplementing the outbound message with redundant data includes encoding the outbound message with an encoding protocol selected as a function of the encoding protocol selector signal.

53. The method of claim 49 further including:

receiving an inbound signal from the implantable device;

decoding the inbound signal to generate an inbound message; and

storing data as a function of the inbound message in a memory of the external device.

54. The method of claim 53 wherein the inbound message includes data corresponding to an error rate and wherein supplementing the outbound message with redundant data includes implementing an encoding protocol selected from a plurality of encoding protocols based on the error rate.

55. A method comprising:

receiving an inbound signal from an implantable device using a far field receiver of an external device, the inbound signal encoded with redundant data having a redundancy level selected from a plurality of redundancy levels and having a message throughput rate determined as a function of the redundancy level;

transforming the inbound signal by removing the redundant data to form an inbound message; and

storing the inbound message in a memory of the external device.

56. The method of claim 55 wherein transforming the inbound signal includes decoding the inbound signal using executable instructions corresponding to at least one of any combination of block coding, convolutional coding, repetition coding and pseudo random sequence coding.

57. The method of claim 55 further including:

generating an outbound message at the external device; and

transmitting an outbound signal generated as a function of the outbound message.

58. The method of claim 57 wherein transmitting includes a transmitting using a far field radio frequency transmitter.

59. The method of claim 57 wherein generating the outbound signal includes receiving data from at least one of any combination of a keyboard, a mouse, a trackball, a touch sensitive screen, a network interface and a memory.

60. The method of claim 55 wherein transforming the inbound signal includes identifying an error in the inbound message and further including:

generating an outbound message at the external device, the message generated as a function of the identified error; and

transmitting an outbound signal generated as a function of the outbound message.

61. A method comprising:

encoding a first outbound message with a first level of redundancy based on a first encoding protocol;

transmitting a first outbound signal based on the first outbound message to an implantable device;

monitoring for an acknowledge signal within a particular time period of transmitting the first outbound signal, the acknowledge signal corresponding to the outbound signal; and

if an acknowledge signal is not received within the particular time period, then transmitting a second outbound signal based on a second outbound message, the second outbound signal encoded with a second level of redundancy wherein the second level of redundancy is greater than the first level of redundancy.

62. The method of claim 61 further including:

if an acknowledge signal is received within the particular time period of transmitting, then transmitting a later outbound signal at the first level of redundancy, wherein the later outbound signal follows the first outbound signal.

63. The method of claim 61 further including:

if an acknowledge signal is received within the particular time period of transmitting, then transmitting a later outbound signal at a third level of redundancy, wherein the later outbound signal follows the first outbound signal and the third level of redundancy is less than the first level of redundancy.

64. A method comprising:

receiving data from an implantable circuit coupled to an implantable transmitter;

executing an algorithm on a processor coupled to the transmitter, the algorithm adapted to generate a control signal for the transmitter; and

selecting one of a plurality of bit rates for the transmitter as a function of the control signal.

65. The method of claim 64 wherein the bit rate is determined by an instruction received from an external device.

66. The method of claim 64 wherein the control signal is determined based on a code received by an implantable receiver coupled to the implantable circuit.

67. A method comprising:

receiving data from an implantable circuit coupled to an implantable transmitter;

executing an algorithm on a processor coupled to the transmitter, the algorithm adapted to generate a control signal for the transmitter; and

selecting one of a plurality of output power levels of the transmitter based on the control signal.

68. The method of claim 67 wherein the output power level is selected based on a parameter measured by the implantable circuit.

69. The method of claim 67 wherein the control signal is determined based on a code received by an implantable receiver coupled to the implantable circuit.

70. A device comprising:

an implantable circuit;

a processor coupled to the implantable circuit; and

a first telemetry circuit coupled to the processor, the first telemetry circuit including a transmitter configured to transmit data received from the processor at a bit rate determined by a control signal received from the processor.

71. The device of claim 70 wherein the processor is configured to select one of a plurality of non-zero data rates for the transmitter.

72. A device comprising:

an implantable circuit;

a processor coupled to the implantable circuit; and

a first telemetry circuit coupled to the processor, the first telemetry circuit including a transmitter configured to transmit data received from the processor at an output power level determined by a control signal received from the processor.

73. The device of claim 72 wherein the transmitter includes an output amplifier having a selectable current level.