High efficiency light emitting diode (LED) with optimized photonic crystal extractor
First Claim
1. A light emitting diode (LED), comprising:
- (a) a substrate;
(b) an active layer formed on the substrate, wherein the active layer includes one or more light emitting species;
(c) one or more optical confinement layers formed under or around the active layer, wherein the optical confinement layers tailor a structure of guided modes within the LED; and
(d) one or more diffraction gratings formed on the optical confinement layers, wherein the diffraction gratings are two-dimensional photonic crystals that extract light from the LED.
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Abstract
A high efficiency, and possibly highly directional, light emitting diode (LED) with an optimized photonic crystal extractor. The LED is comprised of a substrate, a buffer layer grown on the substrate (if needed), an active layer including emitting species, one or more optical confinement layers that tailor the structure of the guided modes in the LED, and one or more diffraction gratings, wherein the diffraction gratings are two-dimensional photonic crystal extractors. The substrate may be removed and metal layers may be deposited on the buffer layer, photonic crystal and active layer, wherein the metal layers may function as a mirror, an electrical contact, and/or an efficient diffraction grating.
61 Citations
33 Claims
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1. A light emitting diode (LED), comprising:
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(a) a substrate;
(b) an active layer formed on the substrate, wherein the active layer includes one or more light emitting species;
(c) one or more optical confinement layers formed under or around the active layer, wherein the optical confinement layers tailor a structure of guided modes within the LED; and
(d) one or more diffraction gratings formed on the optical confinement layers, wherein the diffraction gratings are two-dimensional photonic crystals that extract light from the LED. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16)
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17. A method of fabricating a light emitting diode (LED), comprising:
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(a) forming an active layer on a substrate, wherein the active layer includes of one or more light emitting species;
(b) forming one or more optical confinement layers under or around the active layer, wherein the optical confinement layers tailor a structure of guided modes within the LED; and
(c) forming one or more diffraction gratings on the optical confinement layers, wherein the diffraction gratings are two-dimensional photonic crystals that extract light from the LED. - View Dependent Claims (18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33)
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Specification