Sensor with increased biocompatibility
First Claim
1. An electrochemical biosensor for in vivo use, comprising:
- a first layer having at least a top surface, a bottom surface, and a first end;
a second layer having a top surface substantially adjacent the bottom surface of the first layer;
a first contact, adapted for electrical connection to a meter, adjacent to the first end of the first layer;
the first layer and the second layer defining a cavity with an opening through the top surface of the first layer, the opening being spaced apart from the first end of the first layer; and
a reagent filling at least 20% of the cavity, the reagent comprising an electrically conductive matrix and an enzyme;
wherein the matrix is electrically connected to the first contact.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Sensors and methods for producing them are disclosed. A cavity is created and filled with a reagent that includes a conductive matrix, enzyme, catalyst, and binding agent, in a preferred embodiment. The cavity is substantially enclosed, leaving enough of an opening to allow the sample to enter. A portion of the material surrounding the cavity is preferably permeable to a substance useful for measuring reaction, but not to the reagent or the sample. Cavities that have the shape of a cone, conical frustum, pyramidal frustum, and right circular cylinder are given as examples. Other systems include a membrane that contains the sensor'"'"'s active area and defines an internal volume of fluid, where the membrane or internal volume has a particular geometric relationship to the active area.
272 Citations
65 Claims
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1. An electrochemical biosensor for in vivo use, comprising:
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a first layer having at least a top surface, a bottom surface, and a first end;
a second layer having a top surface substantially adjacent the bottom surface of the first layer;
a first contact, adapted for electrical connection to a meter, adjacent to the first end of the first layer;
the first layer and the second layer defining a cavity with an opening through the top surface of the first layer, the opening being spaced apart from the first end of the first layer; and
a reagent filling at least 20% of the cavity, the reagent comprising an electrically conductive matrix and an enzyme;
wherein the matrix is electrically connected to the first contact. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)
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13. A strip for testing the concentration or presence of an analyte, comprising:
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a first layer having a top surface and a bottom surface, a contact end and a sensing end, a first contact and a second contact at or near the contact end, a first electrode location at or near the sensing end;
a second electrode location near the first electrode location, and a cavity within and defined by the first layer at the first electrode location, the cavity having an opening through the top surface;
at least two conductors on the first layer, including a first conductor electrically connecting the cavity and the first contact, and a second conductor electrically connecting the second electrode location and the second contact;
a conductive matrix filling at least about 20% of the cavity'"'"'s volume, the matrix comprising a reagent; and
a reference electrode at the second electrode location. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25)
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26. An electrochemical sensor, comprising:
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a substrate;
a reference electrode; and
a working electrode substantially filling a cavity that is at least partially defined by the substrate, the working electrode comprising a porous conducting matrix and an enzyme;
wherein the reference electrode is electrically connectable to the working electrode through a liquid sample. - View Dependent Claims (27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44)
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45. A biosensor system for in vivo use, comprising:
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a biosensor having an active area responsive to an analyte in a biological fluid; and
an interfacial membrane positioned over the active area, so that the analyte passes through at least a portion of the membrane to reach the biosensor for measurement;
wherein the membrane is spaced apart from the active area, and the portion of the membrane has a surface area at least twice that of the active area. - View Dependent Claims (46, 47, 48, 49)
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50. A biosensor system for in vivo use, comprising:
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a biosensor having an active area responsive to an analyte in a biological fluid; and
an interfacial membrane positioned over the active area, so that the analyte passes from an external volume of fluid, through at least a portion of the membrane, into an internal volume defined by the biosensor and the membrane;
wherein the size of the internal volume is at least about s3/2/10, where s is the area of the sensor'"'"'s active area; and
the internal volume is in contact with the active area of the biosensor. - View Dependent Claims (51, 52, 53)
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54. A biosensor system for in vivo use, comprising:
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a biosensor having an active area responsive to an analyte in a biological fluid; and
an interfacial membrane positioned over the active area, so that the analyte passes from an external volume of fluid, through at least a portion of the membrane, into an internal volume defined at least in part by the biosensor and the membrane;
wherein the interfacial membrane is between about 10 μ
m and about 100 μ
m away from the active area at its nearest point.
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55. A subcutaneous sensor for in vivo testing of the concentration or presence of an analyte, comprising a sensor head that can be implanted into the subcutaneous space, the sensor head having:
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a sensor active surface that is sensitive for the analyte, and a membrane that encapsulates at least a part of the active surface, wherein the membrane is spaced from the active surface to provide an internal volume between the active surface and the membrane when the sensor is implanted into the subcutaneous tissue. - View Dependent Claims (56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65)
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Specification