Biosensor

• US 20070042377A1
• Filed: 10/25/2004
• Published: 02/22/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 10/29/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Agency For Science Technology and Research
• Original Assignee: Agency For Science Technology and Research
• Inventors: Xie, Fang, Xu, Guolin, Gao, Zhiqiang, Mohemed Arshad, Mohamed, Ying, Yi-Ru
• Granted Patent: US 7,563,588 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 435/6
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 69/141 Heterogeneous membranes, e.g. containing dispersed material; Mixed matrix membranes
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 69/14111 with nanoscale dispersed material, e.g. nanoparticles
• CPC Class Codes: C12N 9/0006 acting on CH-OH groups as donors (1.1)
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/002 Electrode membranes
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/003 Functionalisation
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/004 mediator-assisted
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/005 involving specific analytes or enzymes including groups of enzymes, e.g. oxydases; C12Q1/004 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/26 involving oxidoreductase
• CPC Class Codes: C12Y 101/03004 Glucose oxidase (1.1.3.4)
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/3272 Test elements therefor, i.e. disposable laminated substrates with electrodes, reagent and channels optical biosensors G01N33/52
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/5438 Electrodes

Abstract

A sensor for determining the presence of an analyte in a test sample, said sensor comprising a nanoparticulate membrane comprising nanoparticles of at least one inorganic oxide of an element selected from Group IA, IIA, IIIA, IVA, IB, IIB, IIIB, IVAB, VB, VIB, VIII3 or VIIII3 of the Periodic Table, and wherein an oxidoreductase and an electrochemical activator are diffusibly dispersed in said nanoparticulate membrane.

Claims

1. A sensor for determining the presence of an analyte in a test sample, said sensor comprising:

a nanoparticulate membrane comprising nanoparticles of at least one inorganic oxide of an element selected from Group IA, IIA, IIIA, IVA, IB, IIB, IIIB, IVAB, VB, VIB, VIIB or VIIIB of the Periodic Table, and wherein an oxidoreductase and an electrochemical activator are diffusibly dispersed in said nanoparticulate membrane.

2. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein the oxidoreductase is selected from the group consisting of glucose oxidase, hydrogen peroxidase, horseradish peroxidase, xanthine oxidase, cholesterol oxidase, hydrogen hydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose dehydrogenase, NADH dehydrogenase, sarcosine oxidase, lactate oxidase, alcohol dehydrogenase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, glycerol dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, galactose dehydrogenase, malate oxidase, galactose oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, alcohol oxidase, choline oxidase, xanthine oxidase, choline dehydrohenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, pyruvate oxidase, oxalate oxidase, bilirubin oxidase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamate oxidase, amine oxidase, NADPH oxidase, urate oxidase, cytochrome C oxidase, and actechol oxidase.

3. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the electrochemical activator is a polymeric redox mediator capable of transferring electrons between the analyte and an electrode present in the sensor.

4. The sensor according to claim 3, wherein the oxidoreductase is covalently linked to the polymeric redox mediator by cross-linkages.

5. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein the element selected from Group IA, IIA, IIIA, IVA, IB, IIB, IIIB, IVAB, VB, VIB, VIIB or VIIIB of the Periodic Table is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, silicon, magnesium and zinc.

6. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the membrane ranges from 250 to 500 um.

7. The sensor according to claim 6, wherein the size of the nanoparticles ranges from 10 nm to 1 um.

8. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein the membrane further comprises a polymeric binder.

9. The sensor according to claim 8, wherein the polymeric binder is a polymer or copolymer comprising monomer units selected from the group consisting of vinyl pyridine, vinyl imidazole, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, and acrylhydrazide and acrylic acid.

10. The sensor according to claim 1, further comprising:

a chamber for holding the test sample, said chamber being bounded at least between a working area on a working electrode and a working area on a reference electrode, wherein the oxidoreductase and the electrochemical activator is coated on the working area of the working electrode.

11. The sensor according to claim 10, wherein the working electrode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of gold, carbon, platinum, ruthenium dioxide, palladium, and conductive epoxies.

45. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein the sensor is for determination of glucose concentration.

12. An electrically non-conductive, nanoparticulate membrane comprising nanoparticles of at least one inorganic oxide of an element selected from Group IA, IIA, IIIA, IVA, IB, IIB, IIIB, IVAB, VB,VIB, VIIB or VIIIB of the Periodic Table, and wherein an oxidoreductase enzyme and an electrochemical activator are diffusibly dispersed in said nanoparticulate membrane.

13. The membrane of claim 12, wherein the electrochemical activator is a polymeric redox mediator capable of transferring electrons.

14. The membrane of claim 12, wherein the element selected from Group IA, IIA, IIIA, IVA, IB, IIB, IIIB, IVAB, VB, VIB, VIIB or VIIIB of the Periodic Table is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, silicon, magnesium and zinc.

15. The membrane of claim 12, wherein the thickness of the membrane ranges from 250 to 500 pm.

16. The membrane of claim 12, wherein the size of the nanoparticles ranges from 10 nm to 1 um.

17. The membrane of claim 12, wherein the membrane further comprises a polymeric binder.

18. The sensor according to claim 17, wherein the polymeric binder is a polymer or copolymer comprising monomer units selected from the group consisting of vinyl pyridine, vinyl imidazole, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, and acrylhydrazide and acrylic acid.

19. A process for producing a non-conductive, nanoparticulate membrane, said process comprising:

mixing an electrochemical redox mediator with an oxidoreductase and nanoparticles of an inorganic oxide of an element from Group IA, IIA, IIIA, IVA, IB, IIB, IIIB, IVAB, VB, VIB, VIIB or VIIIB of the Periodic Table to form a nanocomposite ink; and

applying said nanocomposite ink onto a substrate.

20. The process of claim 19, wherein said nanocomposite ink is applied according to a predetermined pattern.

21. The process of claim 20, wherein said nanocomposite ink is applied by screen-printing.

22. The process according to claim 19, wherein the mixing further comprises mixing a polymeric binder into the nanocomposite ink.

23. The process according to claim 19, wherein the concentration of the electrochemical activator in the nanocomposite ink is about 15 mg/ml.

24. The process according to claim 19, wherein the concentration of enzyme in the nanocomposite ink is about 0.2 mg/ml.

25-44. -44. (canceled)