Subcutaneous Glucose Electrode

• US 20070215491A1
• Filed: 04/03/2007
• Published: 09/20/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 03/04/1991
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Abbott Diabetes Care Incorporated (Abbott Laboratories Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Abbott Diabetes Care Incorporated (Abbott Laboratories Incorporated)
• Inventors: Heller, Adam, Pishko, Michael
• Granted Patent: US 8,741,590 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 205/777.500
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14532 for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1486 using enzyme electrodes, e.g. with immobilised oxidase
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1495 Calibrating or testing of in-vivo probes
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/006 for glucose
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/54 involving glucose or galactose
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 435/817 Enzyme or microbe electrode
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 435/917 Aspergillus niger
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 435/962 Prevention or removal of interfering materials or reactants or other treatment to enhance results, e.g. determining or preventing nonspecific binding

Abstract

A small diameter flexible electrode designed for subcutaneous in vivo amperometric monitoring of glucose is described. The electrode is designed to allow “one-point” in vivo calibration, i.e., to have zero output current at zero glucose concentration, even in the presence of other electroreactive species of serum or blood. The electrode is preferably three or four-layered, with the layers serially deposited within a recess upon the tip of a polyamide insulated gold wire. A first glucose concentration-to-current transducing layer is overcoated with an electrically insulating and glucose flux limiting layer (second layer) on which, optionally, an immobilized interference-eliminating horseradish peroxidase based film is deposited (third layer). An outer (fourth) layer is biocompatible.

Claims

1. An electrochemical biosensor, comprising:

a substrate having a first surface and a second surface; and

at least one electrode formed on at least one of the surfaces of the substrate with a laser;

wherein the biosensor includes an end for connecting with a device.

2. The biosensor of claim 1 wherein the at least one electrode includes one of metal, metal alloy or metallic compound.

3. The biosensor of claim 1 wherein the at least one electrode includes gold or gold alloy.

4. The biosensor of claim 1 wherein the at least one electrode includes a first electrode and a second electrode formed on the substrate by photolithography, wherein the first and second electrodes include gold or gold alloy.

5. The biosensor of claim 4, wherein the first and second electrodes are formed on the same surface of the substrate.

6. The biosensor of claim 4 wherein the first and second electrodes are formed on different surfaces of the substrate.

7. The biosensor of claim 4 further including a third electrode formed on the substrate by laser.

8. The biosensor of claim 7 wherein the first electrode, the second electrode and the third electrode are formed on the same surface of the substrate.

9. The biosensor of claim 8 wherein at least one of the first, second or third electrodes are formed on a first surface of the substrate, and further, wherein another one of the first, second or third electrodes are formed on a second surface of the substrate.

10. The biosensor of claim 1 wherein the substrate includes a channel.

11. The biosensor of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the at least one electrode is present in the channel.

12. The biosensor of claim 1 including an enzyme on the at least one electrode.

13. The biosensor of claim 12 wherein the enzyme includes glucose oxidase or glucose dehydrogenase

14. The biosensor of claim 12 including a redox compound.

15. The biosensor of claim 14 wherein the redox compound includes a redox polymer.

16. The biosensor of claim 1 wherein the biosensor is configured to be operational over a period of at least one day.

17. The biosensor of claim 1 wherein the at least one electrode is a working electrode.

18. The biosensor of claim 1, wherein the biosensor communicates glucose-related information to the device when the device is connected to the biosensor.

19. The biosensor of claim 1, wherein the biosensor is configured to operate over a period of at least one day.

20. The biosensor of claim 1, wherein the biosensor is configured to operate over a period of more than one day.