Real time clock distribution and recovery

• US 20080084833A1
• Filed: 09/11/2007
• Published: 04/10/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 09/15/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Itron Global Sarl (Itron, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Itron, Inc.
• Inventors: Picard, Gilles
• Granted Patent: US 7,848,362 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 370/280
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 4/004 Remote reading of utility meters to a fixed location
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 4/006 Remote reading of utility meters to a non-fixed location, i.e. mobile location
• CPC Class Codes: G08C 19/16 in which transmission is by pulses
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/7143 Arrangements for generation of hop patterns
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 17/318 Received signal strength
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/15 Active relay systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/127 based on intermediate node capabilities
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 40/005 Routing actions in the presence of nodes in sleep or doze mode
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 40/10 based on available power or energy
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 40/22 using selective relaying for reaching a BTS [Base Transceiver Station] or an access point
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 40/248 Connectivity information update
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 48/12 using downlink control channel
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 56/00 Synchronisation arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 56/0015 one node acting as a reference for the others
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 56/002 Mutual synchronization
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 8/005 Discovery of network devices, e.g. terminals
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/18 Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
• CPC Class Codes: H10N 70/8418 adapted for focusing electric field or current, e.g. tip-shaped
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 90/20 Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector smart grids supporting the management or operation of end-user stationary applications in general, or like technologies with no associated climate change mitigation effect Y04S20/00
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/30 Smart metering, e.g. specially adapted for remote reading

Abstract

The present technology relates to protocols relative to utility meters associated with an open operational framework. More particularly, the present subject matter relates to protocol subject matter for advanced metering infrastructure, adaptable to various international standards, while economically supporting a 2-way mesh network solution in a wireless environment, such as for operating in a residential electricity meter field. The present subject matter supports meters within an ANSI standard C12.22/C12.19 system while economically supporting a 2-way mesh network solution in a wireless environment, such as for operating in a residential electricity meter field, all to permit cell-based adaptive insertion of C12.22 meters within an open framework. Cell isolation is provided through quasi-orthogonal sequences in a frequency hopping network. Additional features relate to apparatus and methodology subject matters relating to real time clock distribution and recovery.

Claims

1. A method for providing real time clock distribution in an advanced metering system mesh network, comprising:

establishing a network including at least one root node and a plurality of node devices, at least some of which node devices comprise metrology devices;

configuring the network for bi-directional communications between the at least one root node and each of the plurality of node devices;

establishing a hyperframe having a predetermined length;

dividing the hyperframe into a predetermined number of time slots represented by time slot numbers ranging from zero to the predetermined number of time slots;

establishing a maximum hyperframe number corresponding to a number of times the hyperframe is to be repeated in a sequence represented by hyperframe numbers ranging from zero to such maximum hyperframe number;

configuring the at least one root node for communications with a predetermined time standard;

repeatedly incrementing the time slot number so that the time slot number rolls over to zero as the next number following the predetermined number of time slots;

incrementing the hyperframe number once following each rollover of the time slot number so that the hyperframe number rolls over to zero as the next number following the maximum number of hyperframes; and

broadcasting a message including a timestamp derived from the predetermined time standard from the root node to the plurality of node devices whenever the hyperframe number and the time slot number are both zero,

whereby the plurality of node devices may each be synchronized with the root node.

2. A method as in claim 1, further comprising synchronizing the plurality of node devices based on the propagation delay of a message transmitted from the root node to a receiving node device.

3. A method as in claim 2, further comprising selecting the hyperframe number to be at least large enough to produce a repeat time larger than the maximum propagation delay from the root node to any node device.

4. A method as in claim 1, wherein configuring the at least one root node for communications with a predetermined time standard includes configuring the root node for communications with an Internet based network time protocol.

5. A method as in claim 2, further comprising updating a node device clock time information according to the relationship:

Absolute time=(TSN+HFN*hyperframe_—

length)*Timeslot_—

Length+RITP,

where TSN corresponds to time slot number, HFN corresponds to hyperframe number, hyperframe_length is expressed in number of timeslots, Timeslot_length is a time unit, and RITP corresponds to a relative time protocol timestamp.

6. A method as in claim 5, further comprising:

updating the RITP timestamp by adding

HFN rollover value*hyperframe_length*Timeslot_Length

if the HFN of a receiving node device is lower than the HFN broadcast by the transmitting node device, where HFN rollover value corresponds to the predetermined number of hyperframes repeatedly transmitted.

7. A method as in claim 6, further comprising selecting RITP to correspond to a number corresponding to the number of seconds following a predetermined time.

8. A method as in claim 5, further comprising:

configuring the plurality of node devices such that one or more node devices correspond to one or more son node devices; and

transmitting updated time information to each son node device from the root node.

9. A method as in claim 8, further comprising:

associating each son node device with one or more father node devices; and

transmitting update time information to each son node device from the root node by way of the one or more father node devices.

10. A method as in claim 7, further comprising:

updating time information by creating and broadcasting a packet from a root node, the packet including a header, wherein the header of the packet contains the value of the RITP together with the HFN at the moment the packet was created,

whereby each recipient node device may update its own timestamp.

11. A method for resynchronizing real time clock information in an advanced metering system mesh network, comprising:

establishing a network including at least one root node and a plurality of node devices, at least some of which node devices comprise metrology devices;

configuring the network for bi-directional communications between the at least one root node and each of the plurality of node devices;

configuring the plurality of node devices such that one or more node devices correspond to one or more son node devices and one or more node devices correspond to father node devices;

associating each son node device with one or more father node devices;

transmitting update time information to each son node device from its associated one or more father node devices in a packet format including predetermined preamble and header portions at a predetermined bit rate; and

configuring each son node device to resynchronize itself based on the transmitted update time information each time it receives a message from one of its associated father node devices.

12. A method as in claim 11, wherein transmitting update time information comprises:

establishing a hyperframe having a predetermined length;

dividing the hyperframe into a predetermined number of time slots;

providing a countdown timer;

loading the countdown timer with a value corresponding to the value of the time slot length; and

sending a message packet including a header portion containing the value in the countdown timer corresponding to the beginning of the physical transmission of the packet.

13. A method as in claim 12, further comprising:

determining the duration of a preamble portion based on the predetermined bit rate;

configuring each receiving device to reads its internal timer upon detection of the start of a transmitted message; and

computing at each receiving device the value of the countdown timer when the sender began the transmission of the message by adding the value of its internal timer and the duration of the preamble,

whereby the receiving device may automatically adjust its next time slot and compensate for internal clock drift based on any difference between its computed value of the countdown timer and the value transmitted by the sender in the header.

14. A method as in claim 11, further comprising:

establishing synchronization levels among the plurality of node devices by assigning level numbers based on the number of hops between the root node and a receiving node; and

configuring each node device to initiate resynchronization based only on messages received from synchronization levels having a lower level than their own.

15. A method as in claim 14, further comprising:

configuring every packet message to include information related to the sender, including its synchronization level, its time slot number, and its cell address,

whereby every message transmitted in the network may be used for synchronization.

16. An advanced metering system mesh network, comprising:

a root node; and

a plurality of node devices, with each of said node devices configured for bi-directional based communications with said root node, and with at least some of said node devices comprising metrology devices;

wherein each of said plurality of node devices is further configured to transmit respective packet messages, each packet message containing at least a preamble portion and a header portion,

wherein each of said plurality of node devices is further configured to operate in accordance with repeating time slots within repeating hyperframes, with each of said plurality of node devices assigned a network cell address and a level number based on the number of hops to each respective node device from said root node, and

wherein each packet message includes at least an indication of the transmitting node device'"'"'s level number, cell address, and time slot,

whereby synchronization of all node devices in the network may be maintained.

17. An advanced metering system network as in claim 16, wherein each of said plurality of node devices is further configured to initiate a resynchronization process based only on messages received from a node device having a level number lower than its own level number.

18. An advanced metering system network as in claim 17, wherein said repeating hyperframe is configured to be at least large enough to produce a repeat time larger than the maximum propagation delay from said root node to any of said plurality of node devices.

19. An advanced metering system network as in claim 16, further comprising:

a predetermined time standard coupled to said root node,

wherein said root node is configured to broadcast massages including a timestamp based on the predetermined standard,

whereby messages broadcast from said root node may be used to synchronize said plurality of node devices.

20. An advanced metering system network as in claim 19, wherein said predetermined time standard corresponds to an Internet based network time protocol.

21. An advanced metering system network as in claim 16, further comprising:

a crystal controlled clock associated with said network,

wherein each of said plurality of said node devices is configured to update its respective clock time according to the formula;

Absolute time=(TSN+HFN*hyperframe_—

length)*Timeslot_—

Length+RITP,

where TSN corresponds to a time slot number of a time slot in the repeating hyperframe, HFN corresponds to the number of the repeating hyperframe, hyperframe_length is the length of the hyperframe expressed in number of timeslots, Timeslot_length is a time unit, and RITP corresponds to a relative time protocol timestamp.

22. An advanced metering system network as in claim 21, further comprising:

a predetermined time event known to said root node and to each of said plurality of node devices,

wherein said RITP is a numeric value corresponding to the number of seconds following said predetermined time event.