Surgical Tools for Arthroplasty

• US 20080281328A1
• Filed: 06/09/2008
• Published: 11/13/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 05/25/2001
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Conformis Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Conformis Incorporated
• Inventors: Lang, Philipp, Steines, Daniel, Bojarski, Ray, Vargas-Voracek, Rene, Fitz, Wolfgang, Burdulis, Albert G.
• Granted Patent: US 8,062,302 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 606/87
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/154 for preparing bone for knee prosthesis
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/155 Cutting femur
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/157 Cutting tibia
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/158 Cutting patella
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/1666 for the acetabulum
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/1668 for the upper femur A61B17/164 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/1675 for the knee
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/1739 specially adapted for particular parts of the body
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/1746 for the acetabulum
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/1767 for the patella
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/568 produced with shape and dimensions specific for an individual patient
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/102 Modelling of surgical devices, implants or prosthesis
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/105 Modelling of the patient, e.g. for ligaments or bones
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/108 Computer aided selection or customisation of medical implants or cutting guides
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/2055 Optical tracking systems
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/063 for measuring volume
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 34/10 Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 34/20 Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/103 Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes A61B5/08 takes precedence; measuring aids for tailors A41H1/00; measuring instruments specially adapted for dentistry A61C19/04
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4504 Bones A61B5/4547 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4514 : Cartilage
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4523 : Tendons
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4528 : Joints A61B5/4533, A61B5/4538 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4533 : Ligaments
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 90/06 : Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2/30756 : Cartilage endoprostheses A61F2/3603 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2/30942 : for designing or making customized prostheses, e.g. using templates, CT or NMR scans, finite-element analysis or CAD-CAM techniques
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2/38 : for elbows or knees
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2/3877 : Patellae or trochleae
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2002/3895 : unicompartimental
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 80/00 : Products made by additive manufacturing

Abstract

Disclosed herein are methods, compositions and tools for repairing articular surfaces repair materials and for repairing an articular surface. The articular surface repairs are customizable or highly selectable by patient and geared toward providing optimal fit and function. The surgical tools are designed to be customizable or highly selectable by patient to increase the speed, accuracy and simplicity of performing total or partial arthroplasty.

Claims

1. A surgical tool for joint arthroplasty, comprising:

a first component having at least one contact surface for engaging a first uncut surface of a joint, wherein the contact surface is substantially a mirror image of the first uncut joint surface;

a second component comprising a guide for directing movement of a surgical instrument on a bone opposing the bone associated with the first uncut joint surface; and

a cross-referencing component for cross-referencing the first and second components.

2. The tool of claim 1, wherein the cross-referencing component comprises a linkage.

3. The tool of claim 2, wherein the linkage is an attachment mechanism.

4. The tool of claim 3, wherein the attachment mechanism causes the first component to directly contact the second component.

5. The tool of claim 3, wherein the attachment mechanism attaches the first component and the second component such that the first component and the second component do not directly contact each other.

6. The tool of claim 2, wherein the linkage allows for rotation of the second component relative to the first component.

7. The tool of claim 1, wherein the first uncut joint surface is selected from the group consisting of cortical bone, subchondral bone, and cartilage.

8. The tool of claim 1, wherein the guide directs the surgical instrument in at least one of a cut, a milling, and a drilling adapted in shape, size or orientation to an implant.

9. The tool of claim 1, wherein the second component includes a surface that is a mirror image of a second surface of the joint, the second surface including at least one of cortical bone, subchondral bone, and cartilage.

10. The tool of claim 1, further comprising a guide adjustment mechanism.

11. A method of joint arthroplasty, the method comprising:

positioning a contact surface of a first component onto a first uncut surface of a joint, the contact surface of the first component being substantially a mirror image of the first uncut joint surface;

cross-referencing a second component to the first component to align the position of the second component; and

directing movement of a surgical instrument on a bone opposing the bone associated with the first uncut joint surface, using a guide provided with the second component.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the first uncut joint surface is selected from the group consisting of cortical bone, subchondral bone, and cartilage.

13. The method according to claim 11, further comprising

obtaining electronic image data of the joint;

and

determining a shape of the contact surface of the first component based, at least in part, on electronic image data.

14. The method according to claim 11, further comprising:

prior to directing movement of the surgical instrument, positioning at least one contact surface of the second component to a second joint surface, wherein the at least one contact surface of the second component is substantially a mirror image of the second joint surface, and the second joint surface includes at least one of cortical bone, subchondral bone, and cartilage.

15. The method according to claim 11, wherein cross-referencing the second component to the first component includes attaching the second component to the first component.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein cross-referencing the second component to the first component allows for intraoperative adjustments.

17. The method according to claim 11, wherein cross-referencing the second component to the first component includes use of a linkage.

18. The method according to claim 11, wherein cross-referencing includes computer processing to derive at least one of the at least one surface, the shape and/or position of the guide, and the shape and/or position of the cross-referencing component.

19. The method according to claim 11, further comprising performing an intraoperative adjustment on the position of the second component on a second surface of the joint, wherein performing the intraoperative adjustment includes adjusting for at least one of joint flexion, joint extension, joint abduction, joint adduction, joint rotation, flexion gap and extension gap.

20. The method according to claim 11, further comprising performing an intraoperative adjustment on the position of the second component on a second surface of the joint, wherein performing the intraoperative adjustment includes using one of spacers, shims, ratchets, trial implants, linkages, hinges, tensiometers, jacks, and telescoping devices.