Systems, Methods, Devices And/Or Computer Program Products For Providing Communications Deviod Of Cyclostationary Features

• US 20090003418A1
• Filed: 05/25/2006
• Published: 01/01/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 06/22/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Odyssey Wireless, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Odyssey Wireless, Inc.
• Inventors: Karabinis, Peter D.
• Granted Patent: US 8,050,337 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 375/219
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/69 Spread spectrum techniques
• CPC Class Codes: H04K 1/00 Secret communication
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/001 using chaotic signals for secret or secure communication H04L9/001

Abstract

A wireless communications system configured for Low Probability of Intercept (LPI), Low Probability of Detection (LPD) and/or Low Probability of Exploitation (LPE) communications may use waveforms substantially devoid of a cyclostationary signature to improve a LPI/LPD/LPE property. A set of M independent “seed” waveforms that satisfy a time-bandwidth constraint may be used via a Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization (GSO) procedure to generate M orthonormal functions. In accordance with exemplary embodiments, the M seed waveforms may be chosen from a band-limited Gaussian-distributed process and may be used to generate, via an orthogonalization operation a corresponding set of M Gaussian-distributed orthonormal functions substantially devoid of a cyclostationary property.

Claims

1. A transmitter comprising a system for communicating information based upon a waveform that is substantially devoid of a cyclostationary property.

2. A transmitter according to claim 1, further comprising at least one waveform alphabet including a plurality of elements, wherein the waveform that is substantially devoid of a cyclostationary property includes at least one element of the plurality of elements of the at least one waveform alphabet.

3. A transmitter according to claim 2, wherein the at least one waveform alphabet is generated based upon at least one statistical distribution responsive to a key and/or Time-of-Day (TOD) value.

4. A transmitter according to claim 3, wherein communicating information comprises associating a measure of information with at least one element of the at least one waveform alphabet.

5. A transmitter according to claim 4, wherein the measure of information is a message and/or symbol comprising at least one bit.

6. A transmitter according to claim 2, wherein at least a first and second element of the plurality of elements are substantially orthogonal therebetween.

7. A transmitter according to claim 6, wherein substantially orthogonal comprises substantially orthonormal.

8. A transmitter according to claim 3, wherein the at least one statistical distribution comprises a Normal/Gaussian, Bernoulli, Geometric, Pascal/Negative Binomial, Exponential, Erlang, Weibull, Chi-Squared, F, Student'"'"'s t, Rise, Pareto, Poisson, Binomial, Uniform, Gamma, Beta, Laplace, Cauchy, Rayleigh, Maxwell and/or any other distribution.

9. A transmitter according to claim 8, wherein the at least one statistical distribution is truncated.

10. A transmitter according to claim 3, wherein the key comprises a bit sequence.

11. A transmitter according to claim 10, wherein the bit sequence comprises a TRANsmissions SECurity (TRANSEC) and/or a COMMunications SECurity (COMMSEC) bit sequence.

12. A transmitter according to claim 3, wherein the Time-of-Day (TOD) value is based upon GPS.

13. A transmitter according to claim 3, wherein generating the at least one waveform alphabet comprises using a predetermined algorithm and/or look-up table.

14. A transmitter according to claim 2, wherein an element of the plurality of elements is based upon a plurality of time-domain and/or frequency-domain values.

15. A transmitter according to claim 14, wherein a time-domain and/or frequency-domain value of the plurality of time-domain and/or frequency-domain values is real, imaginary and/or complex.

16. A transmitter according to claim 2, further comprising a direct waveform synthesis devoid of a frequency translation, wherein the direct waveform synthesis is used to generate the at least one waveform alphabet.

17. A transmitter according to claim 16, wherein the direct waveform synthesis comprises at least one pseudo-random generator, filter, Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converter, Digital-to-Analog (D/A) converter, Fourier transform, inverse Fourier transform and/or orthogonalizer.

18. A transmitter according to claim 17, wherein the Fourier transform is a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and/or a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and the inverse Fourier transform is an Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) and/or an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT).

19. A transmitter according to claim 17, wherein the orthogonalizer is a Gram-Schmidt orthogonalizer.

20. A transmitter according to claim 2, wherein the at least one waveform alphabet comprises at least two waveform alphabets.

21. A transmitter according to claim 2, wherein the at least one waveform alphabet is used over a first time interval and not used over a second time interval.

22. A transmitter according to claim 21, wherein the first time interval is associated with a Time-of-Day (TOD) value, message, symbol and/or bit.

23. A transmitter according to claim 22, wherein at least one second waveform alphabet is used over the second time interval.

24. A transmitter according to claim 23, wherein the at least one waveform alphabet and the at least one second waveform alphabet are different therebetween.

25. A transmitter according to claim 24, wherein different comprises a difference in a time-domain and/or frequency-domain characteristic.

26. A transmitter according to claim 1, further comprising transmitting at least one second waveform during a time interval that is not associated with communicating information.

27. A transmitter according to claim 26, wherein the at least one second waveform is devoid of a cyclostationary property and comprises a frequency content that is substantially the same as a frequency content of the waveform.

28. A transmitter according to claim 27, wherein the frequency content is a power spectral density.

29. A transmitter according to claim 1, wherein the transmitter is fixed, mobile, portable, transportable, installed in a vehicle and/or installed in a satellite.

30. A transmitter according to claim 29, wherein the vehicle is a land-mobile vehicle, a maritime vehicle, an aeronautical vehicle and/or an unmanned vehicle.

31. A transmitter according to claim 1, wherein devoid of a cyclostationary property comprises devoid of a chipping rate.

32. A transmitter according to claim 1, further comprising Forward Error Correction (FEC) encoding, bit repetition, bit interleaving, bit-to-symbol conversion, symbol repetition, symbol interleaving, symbol-to-waveform mapping, waveform repetition and/or waveform interleaving.

33. A transmitter according to claim 1, wherein communicating information comprises communicating information wirelessly.

34. A transmitter according to claim 1, wherein communicating information comprises communicating spread-spectrum information.

35. A transmitter according to claim 1, wherein the waveform comprises a first plurality of frequencies over a first time interval and a second plurality of frequencies over a second time interval, wherein the first plurality of frequencies differ from the second plurality of frequencies in at least one frequency.

36. A transmitter according to claim 35, wherein at least some frequencies of the first and/or second plurality of frequencies are also used by a second transmitter.

37. A transmitter according to claim 36, wherein the second transmitter is a transmitter of a commercial communications system.

38. A transmitter according to claim 3, wherein the at least one waveform alphabet is used deterministically and/or pseudo-randomly.

39. A transmitter according to claim 38, wherein used deterministically and/or pseudo-randomly comprises usage of the at least one waveform alphabet responsive to a Time-of-Day (TOD) value, a pseudo-random selection and/or a usage of one or more waveform alphabets other than the at least one waveform alphabet.

40. A transmitter according to claim 39, wherein usage comprises usage of at least one element of the plurality of elements of the at least one waveform alphabet.

41. A transmitter according to claim 1, wherein a synthesis associated with the waveform is substantially devoid of a frequency translation.

42. A transmitter according to claim 41, wherein the synthesis includes a plurality of operations that are used to form the waveform, the plurality of operations not including a frequency translation and wherein the transmitter communicates information based upon the waveform without subjecting the waveform to a frequency translation.

43. A transmitter according to claim 42, wherein the plurality of operations include generating values pseudo-randomly, a Fourier transform, a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), an inverse Fourier transform, an Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT), an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT), Forward Error Correction (FEC) encoding, bit interleaving, bit-to-symbol conversion, symbol interleaving, symbol-to-waveform mapping, waveform repetition, filtering, amplification and/or waveform interleaving.

44. A transmitter according to claim 43, wherein generating values pseudo-randomly comprises generating at least one value responsive to a Time-of-Day (TOD) value and/or a key input.

45. A transmitter according to claim 44, wherein generating at least one value pseudo-randomly comprises generating at least one value based upon at least one statistical distribution.

46. A transmitter according to claim 45, wherein the at least one statistical distribution comprises a Normal/Gaussian, Bernoulli, Geometric, Pascal/Negative Binomial, Exponential, Erlang, Weibull, Chi-Squared, F, Student'"'"'s t, Rise, Pareto, Poisson, Binomial, Uniform, Gamma, Beta, Laplace, Cauchy, Rayleigh, Maxwell and/or any other distribution.

47. A transmitter according to claim 46, wherein the at least one statistical distribution is truncated.

48. A transmitter according to claim 44, wherein the at least one value is a time-domain and/or frequency-domain value.

49. A transmitter according to claim 48, wherein the at least one value is real, imaginary and/or complex.

50. A transmitter according to claim 49, wherein the at least one value is based upon at least one statistical distribution.

266. A transmitter according to claim 1, wherein the system is configured to selectively communicate information based upon a waveform that is substantially devoid of a cyclostationary property and to selectively communicate information based upon a waveform that includes a cyclostationary property.

51. A transmitter comprising:

a synthesis block; and

a transmission block, wherein the synthesis block is configured to synthesize at least one alphabet based upon at least one statistical distribution and the transmission block is configured to transmit a waveform based upon the at least one alphabet.

52. A transmitter according to claim 51, wherein the waveform is devoid of a cyclostationary property.

53. A transmitter according to claim 51, wherein the at least one alphabet comprises a plurality of elements, each element of the plurality of elements being devoid of a cyclostationary property.

54. A transmitter according to claim 51, wherein the synthesis block is a direct synthesis block that does not include a frequency translation function.

55. A transmitter according to claim 51, wherein the transmission block does not include a frequency translation function.

56. A transmitter according to claim 51, wherein the at least one statistical distribution comprises a Normal/Gaussian, Bernoulli, Geometric, Pascal/Negative Binomial, Exponential, Erlang, Weibull, Chi-Squared, F, Student'"'"'s t, Rise, Pareto, Poisson, Binomial, Uniform, Gamma, Beta, Laplace, Cauchy, Rayleigh, Maxwell and/or any other distribution.

57. A transmitter according to claim 56, wherein the at least one statistical distribution is truncated.

58. A transmitter according to claim 51, wherein the at least one alphabet comprises a plurality of elements and at least a first and second element of the plurality of elements are substantially orthogonal therebetween.

59. A transmitter according to claim 58, wherein substantially orthogonal comprises substantially orthonormal.

60. A transmitter according to claim 51, wherein the at least one alphabet is generated based upon the at least one statistical distribution responsive to a key and/or Time-of-Day (TOD) value and is used by the transmitter for communicating information.

61. A transmitter according to claim 60, wherein communicating information comprises associating a measure of information with at least one element of the at least one alphabet.

62. A transmitter according to claim 61, wherein the measure of information is a message and/or symbol comprising at least one bit.

63. A transmitter according to claim 60, wherein the key comprises a bit sequence.

64. A transmitter according to claim 63, wherein the bit sequence comprises a TRANsmissions SECurity (TRANSEC) and/or a COMMunications SECurity (COMMSEC) bit sequence.

65. A transmitter according to claim 60, wherein the Time-of-Day (TOD) value is based upon GPS.

66. A transmitter according to claim 60, wherein generating the at least one alphabet comprises using a predetermined algorithm and/or look-up table.

67. A transmitter according to claim 58, wherein an element of the plurality of elements is based upon a plurality of time-domain and/or frequency-domain values.

68. A transmitter according to claim 67, wherein a time-domain and/or frequency-domain value of the plurality of time-domain and/or frequency-domain values is real, imaginary and/or complex.

69. A transmitter according to claim 54, wherein the synthesis block comprises a direct waveform synthesis devoid of a frequency translation, wherein the direct waveform synthesis is used to generate the at least one alphabet.

70. A transmitter according to claim 69, wherein the direct waveform synthesis comprises at least one pseudo-random generator, filter, Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converter, Digital-to-Analog (D/A) converter, Fourier transform, inverse Fourier transform and/or orthogonalizer.

71. A transmitter according to claim 70, wherein the Fourier transform is a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and/or a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and the inverse Fourier transform is an Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) and/or an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT).

72. A transmitter according to claim 70, wherein the orthogonalizer is a Gram-Schmidt orthogonalizer.

73. A transmitter according to claim 51, wherein the at least one alphabet comprises at least two alphabets.

74. A transmitter according to claim 51, wherein the at least one alphabet is used over a first time interval and not used over a second time interval.

75. A transmitter according to claim 74, wherein the first time interval is associated with a Time-of-Day (TOD) value, message, symbol and/or bit.

76. A transmitter according to claim 75, wherein at least one second alphabet is used over the second time interval.

77. A transmitter according to claim 76, wherein the at least one alphabet and the at least one second alphabet are different therebetween.

78. A transmitter according to claim 77, wherein different comprises a difference in a time-domain and/or frequency-domain characteristic.

79. A transmitter according to claim 60, further comprising transmitting at least one second waveform during a time interval that is not associated with communicating information.

80. A transmitter according to claim 79, wherein the at least one second waveform is devoid of a cyclostationary property and comprises a frequency content that is substantially the same as a frequency content of the waveform.

81. A transmitter according to claim 80, wherein the frequency content is a power spectral density.

82. A transmitter according to claim 51, wherein the transmitter is fixed, mobile, portable, transportable, installed in a vehicle and/or installed in a satellite.

83. A transmitter according to claim 82, wherein the vehicle is a land-mobile vehicle, a maritime vehicle, an aeronautical vehicle and/or an unmanned vehicle.

84. A transmitter according to claim 52, wherein devoid of a cyclostationary property comprises devoid of a chipping rate.

85. A transmitter according to claim 51, further comprising Forward Error Correction (FEC) encoding, bit repetition, bit interleaving, bit-to-symbol conversion, symbol repetition, symbol interleaving, symbol-to-waveform mapping, waveform repetition and/or waveform interleaving.

86. A transmitter according to claim 60, wherein communicating information comprises communicating information wirelessly.

87. A transmitter according to claim 60, wherein communicating information comprises communicating spread-spectrum information.

88. A transmitter according to claim 51, wherein the waveform comprises a first plurality of frequencies over a first time interval and a second plurality of frequencies over a second time interval, wherein the first plurality of frequencies differ from the second plurality of frequencies in at least one frequency.

89. A transmitter according to claim 88, wherein at least some frequencies of the first and/or second plurality of frequencies are also used by a second transmitter.

90. A transmitter according to claim 89, wherein the second transmitter is a transmitter of a commercial communications system.

91. A transmitter according to claim 51, wherein the at least one alphabet is used deterministically and/or pseudo-randomly.

92. A transmitter according to claim 91, wherein used deterministically and/or pseudo-randomly comprises usage of the at least one alphabet responsive to a Time-of-Day (TOD) value, a pseudo-random selection and/or a usage of one or more alphabets other than the at least one alphabet.

93. A transmitter according to claim 92, wherein usage comprises usage of at least one element of the plurality of elements of the at least one alphabet.

94. A transmitter according to claim 51, wherein a synthesis associated with the waveform is substantially devoid of a frequency translation.

95. A transmitter according to claim 94, wherein the synthesis includes a plurality of operations that are used to form the waveform, the plurality of operations not including a frequency translation and wherein the transmitter transmits the waveform without subjecting the waveform to a frequency translation.

96. A transmitter according to claim 95, wherein the plurality of operations include generating values pseudo-randomly, a Fourier transform, a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), an inverse Fourier transform, an Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT), an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT), Forward Error Correction (FEC) encoding, bit interleaving, bit-to-symbol conversion, symbol interleaving, symbol-to-waveform mapping, waveform repetition, filtering, amplification and/or waveform interleaving.

97. A transmitter according to claim 96, wherein generating values pseudo-randomly comprises generating at least one value responsive to a Time-of-Day (TOD) value and/or a key input.

98. A transmitter according to claim 97, wherein generating at least one value pseudo-randomly comprises generating at least one value based upon at least one statistical distribution.

99. A transmitter according to claim 98, wherein the at least one statistical distribution comprises a Normal/Gaussian, Bernoulli, Geometric, Pascal/Negative Binomial, Exponential, Erlang, Weibull, Chi-Squared, F, Student'"'"'s t, Rise, Pareto, Poisson, Binomial, Uniform, Gamma, Beta, Laplace, Cauchy, Rayleigh, Maxwell and/or any other distribution.

100. A transmitter according to claim 99, wherein the at least one statistical distribution is truncated.

101. A transmitter according to claim 97, wherein the at least one value is a time-domain and/or frequency-domain value.

102. A transmitter according to claim 101, wherein the at least one value is real, imaginary and/or complex.

103. A transmitter according to claim 102, wherein the at least one value is based upon at least one statistical distribution.

104. A transmitter according to claim 103, wherein the at least one statistical distribution comprises a Normal/Gaussian, Bernoulli, Geometric, Pascal/Negative Binomial, Exponential, Erlang, Weibull, Chi-Squared, F, Student'"'"'s t, Rise, Pareto, Poisson, Binomial, Uniform, Gamma, Beta, Laplace, Cauchy, Rayleigh, Maxwell and/or any other distribution.

105. A transmitter according to claim 104, wherein the at least one statistical distribution is truncated.

267. A transmitter according to claim 51, wherein the synthesis block is configured to selectively synthesize at least one alphabet based upon at least one statistical distribution and to selectively synthesize at least one alphabet that is not based upon at least one statistical distribution.

106. A transmitter comprising a system for communicating information based upon a spread-spectrum waveform that is substantially devoid of a chipping rate.

107. A receiver comprising a system for receiving information, wherein the information is based upon a spread-spectrum waveform that is substantially devoid of a chipping rate.

108. A transmitter comprising a system for communicating information based upon a waveform that is substantially Gaussian distributed.

109. A receiver comprising a system for receiving information, wherein the information is based upon a waveform that is substantially Gaussian distributed.

110. A transmitter comprising a system for communicating information based upon a waveform that does not include a cyclostationary signature.

111. A receiver comprising a system for receiving information, wherein the information is based upon a waveform that does not include a cyclostationary signature.

112. A transmitter comprising a system for mapping an information sequence onto a waveform sequence, wherein the waveform sequence is substantially devoid of a cyclostationary signature.

113. A receiver comprising a system for mapping a waveform sequence that is substantially devoid of a cyclostationary signature onto an information sequence.

114. A receiver comprising a system for providing information based upon processing a waveform that is substantially devoid of a cyclostationary property.

115. A receiver comprising a system for receiving information, wherein the information comprises at least one alphabet based upon at least one statistical distribution.

116. A transmitter comprising a system for transmitting a waveform, wherein the waveform is based upon at least one alphabet that is based upon at least one statistical distribution.

117. A transmitter according to claim 116, wherein the at least one statistical distribution comprises a Normal/Gaussian, Bernoulli, Geometric, Pascal/Negative Binomial, Exponential, Erlang, Weibull, Chi-Squared, F, Student'"'"'s t, Rise, Pareto, Poisson, Binomial, Uniform, Gamma, Beta, Laplace, Cauchy, Rayleigh, Maxwell and/or any other distribution.

118. A transmitter according to claim 117, wherein the at least one statistical distribution is truncated.

119. A transmitter according to claim 116, wherein the at least one alphabet comprises a plurality of elements and at least a first and second element of the plurality of elements are substantially orthogonal therebetween.

120. A transmitter according to claim 119, wherein substantially orthogonal comprises substantially orthonormal.

121. A receiver comprising a system for receiving a waveform, wherein the waveform is based upon at least one alphabet that is based upon at least one statistical distribution.

122. A receiver according to claim 121, wherein the at least one statistical distribution comprises a Normal/Gaussian, Bernoulli, Geometric, Pascal/Negative Binomial, Exponential, Erlang, Weibull, Chi-Squared, F, Student'"'"'s t, Rise, Pareto, Poisson, Binomial, Uniform, Gamma, Beta, Laplace, Cauchy, Rayleigh, Maxwell and/or any other distribution.

123. A receiver according to claim 122, wherein the at least one statistical distribution is truncated.

124. A receiver according to claim 121, wherein the at least one alphabet comprises a plurality of elements and at least a first and second element of the plurality of elements are substantially orthogonal therebetween.

125. A receiver according to claim 124, wherein substantially orthogonal comprises substantially orthonormal.

126. A method of communicating information, the method comprising transmitting and/or receiving a waveform that is substantially devoid of a cyclostationary property.

127. A method according to claim 126, further comprising using at least one waveform alphabet including a plurality of elements, wherein the waveform that is substantially devoid of a cyclostationary property includes at least one element of the plurality of elements of the at least one waveform alphabet.

128. A method according to claim 127, wherein the at least one waveform alphabet is generated based upon at least one statistical distribution responsive to a key and/or Time-of-Day (TOD) value.

129. A method according to claim 128, wherein communicating information comprises associating a measure of information with at least one element of the at least one waveform alphabet.

130. A method according to claim 129, wherein the measure of information is a message and/or symbol comprising at least one bit.

131. A method according to claim 127, wherein at least a first and second element of the plurality of elements are substantially orthogonal therebetween.

132. A method according to claim 131, wherein substantially orthogonal comprises substantially orthonormal.

133. A method according to claim 128, wherein the at least one statistical distribution comprises a Normal/Gaussian, Bernoulli, Geometric, Pascal/Negative Binomial, Exponential, Erlang, Weibull, Chi-Squared, F, Student'"'"'s t, Rise, Pareto, Poisson, Binomial, Uniform, Gamma, Beta, Laplace, Cauchy, Rayleigh, Maxwell and/or any other distribution.

134. A method according to claim 133, wherein the at least one statistical distribution is truncated.

135. A method according to claim 128, wherein the key comprises a bit sequence.

136. A method according to claim 135, wherein the bit sequence comprises a TRANsmissions SECurity (TRANSEC) and/or a COMMunications SECurity (COMMSEC) bit sequence.

137. A method according to claim 128, wherein the Time-of-Day (TOD) value is based upon GPS.

138. A method according to claim 128, wherein generating the at least one waveform alphabet comprises using a predetermined algorithm and/or look-up table.

139. A method according to claim 127, wherein an element of the plurality of elements is based upon a plurality of time-domain and/or frequency-domain values.

140. A method according to claim 139, wherein a time-domain and/or frequency-domain value of the plurality of time-domain and/or frequency-domain values is real, imaginary and/or complex.

141. A method according to claim 127, further comprising a direct waveform synthesis devoid of a frequency translation, wherein the direct waveform synthesis is used to generate the at least one waveform alphabet.

142. A method according to claim 141, wherein the direct waveform synthesis comprises at least one pseudo-random generator, filter, Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converter, Digital-to-Analog (D/A) converter, Fourier transform, inverse Fourier transform and/or orthogonalizer.

143. A method according to claim 142, wherein the Fourier transform is a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and/or a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and the inverse Fourier transform is an Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) and/or an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT).

144. A method according to claim 142, wherein the orthogonalizer is a Gram-Schmidt orthogonalizer.

145. A method according to claim 127, wherein the at least one waveform alphabet comprises at least two waveform alphabets.

146. A method according to claim 127, wherein the at least one waveform alphabet is used over a first time interval and not used over a second time interval.

147. A method according to claim 146, wherein the first time interval is associated with a Time-of-Day (TOD) value, message, symbol and/or bit.

148. A method according to claim 147, wherein at least one second waveform alphabet is used over the second time interval.

149. A method according to claim 148, wherein the at least one waveform alphabet and the at least one second waveform alphabet are different therebetween.

150. A method according to claim 149, wherein different comprises a difference in a time-domain and/or frequency-domain characteristic.

151. A method according to claim 126, further comprising transmitting and/or receiving at least one second waveform during a time interval that is not associated with communicating information.

152. A method according to claim 151, wherein the at least one second waveform is devoid of a cyclostationary property and comprises a frequency content that is substantially the same as a frequency content of the waveform.

153. A method according to claim 152, wherein the frequency content is a power spectral density.

154. A method according to claim 126, wherein the transmitter is fixed, mobile, portable, transportable, installed in a vehicle and/or installed in a satellite.

155. A method according to claim 154, wherein the vehicle is a land-mobile vehicle, a maritime vehicle, an aeronautical vehicle and/or an unmanned vehicle.

156. A method according to claim 126, wherein devoid of a cyclostationary property comprises devoid of a chipping rate.

157. A method according to claim 126, further comprising Forward Error Correction (FEC) encoding, bit repetition, bit interleaving, bit-to-symbol conversion, symbol repetition, symbol interleaving, symbol-to-waveform mapping, waveform repetition and/or waveform interleaving.

158. A method according to claim 126, wherein communicating information comprises communicating information wirelessly.

159. A method according to claim 126, wherein communicating information comprises communicating spread-spectrum information.

160. A method according to claim 126, wherein the waveform comprises a first plurality of frequencies over a first time interval and a second plurality of frequencies over a second time interval, wherein the first plurality of frequencies differ from the second plurality of frequencies in at least one frequency.

161. A method according to claim 160, wherein at least some frequencies of the first and/or second plurality of frequencies are also used by a second transmitter/receiver.

162. A method according to claim 161, wherein the second transmitter/receiver is a transmitter/receiver of a commercial communications system.

163. A method according to claim 128, wherein the at least one waveform alphabet is used deterministically and/or pseudo-randomly.

164. A method according to claim 163, wherein used deterministically and/or pseudo-randomly comprises usage of the at least one waveform alphabet responsive to a Time-of-Day (TOD) value, a pseudo-random selection and/or a usage of one or more waveform alphabets other than the at least one waveform alphabet.

165. A method according to claim 164, wherein usage comprises usage of at least one element of the plurality of elements of the at least one waveform alphabet.

166. A method according to claim 126, wherein a synthesis associated with the waveform is substantially devoid of a frequency translation.

167. A method according to claim 166, wherein the synthesis includes a plurality of operations that are used to form the waveform, the plurality of operations not including a frequency translation and wherein the transmitter communicates information based upon the waveform without subjecting the waveform to a frequency translation.

168. A method according to claim 167, wherein the plurality of operations include generating values pseudo-randomly, a Fourier transform, a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), an inverse Fourier transform, an Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT), an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT), Forward Error Correction (FEC) encoding, bit interleaving, bit-to-symbol conversion, symbol interleaving, symbol-to-waveform mapping, waveform repetition, filtering, amplification and/or waveform interleaving.

169. A method according to claim 168, wherein generating values pseudo-randomly comprises generating at least one value responsive to a Time-of-Day (TOD) value and/or a key input.

170. A method according to claim 169, wherein generating at least one value comprises generating at least one value based upon at least one statistical distribution.

171. A method according to claim 170, wherein the at least one statistical distribution comprises a Normal/Gaussian, Bernoulli, Geometric, Pascal/Negative Binomial, Exponential, Erlang, Weibull, Chi-Squared, F, Student'"'"'s t, Rise, Pareto, Poisson, Binomial, Uniform, Gamma, Beta, Laplace, Cauchy, Rayleigh, Maxwell and/or any other distribution.

172. A method according to claim 171, wherein the at least one statistical distribution is truncated.

173. A method according to claim 169, wherein the at least one value is a time-domain and/or frequency-domain value.

174. A method according to claim 173, wherein the at least one value is real, imaginary and/or complex.

175. A method according to claim 174, wherein the at least one value is based upon at least one statistical distribution.

268. A method according to claim 126, wherein transmitting and/or receiving a waveform that is substantially devoid of a cyclostationary property is performed selectively, the method further comprising selectively transmitting and/or receiving a waveform that includes a cyclostationary property.

176. A method of transmitting a signal, the method comprising:

synthesizing at least one alphabet based upon at least one statistical distribution; and

transmitting a waveform based upon the at least one alphabet.

177. A method according to claim 176, wherein the waveform is devoid of a cyclostationary property.

178. A method according to claim 176, wherein the at least one alphabet comprises a plurality of elements, each element of the plurality of elements being devoid of a cyclostationary property.

179. A method according to claim 176, wherein the synthesizing comprises direct synthesizing that does not include a frequency translation function.

180. A method according to claim 176, wherein the transmitting does not include a frequency translation function.

181. A method according to claim 176, wherein the at least one statistical distribution comprises a Normal/Gaussian, Bernoulli, Geometric, Pascal/Negative Binomial, Exponential, Erlang, Weibull, Chi-Squared, F, Student'"'"'s t, Rise, Pareto, Poisson, Binomial, Uniform, Gamma, Beta, Laplace, Cauchy, Rayleigh, Maxwell and/or any other distribution.

182. A method according to claim 181, wherein the at least one statistical distribution is truncated.

183. A method according to claim 176, wherein the at least one alphabet comprises a plurality of elements and at least a first and second element of the plurality of elements are substantially orthogonal therebetween.

184. A method according to claim 183, wherein substantially orthogonal comprises substantially orthonormal.

185. A method according to claim 176, wherein the at least one alphabet is generated based upon the at least one statistical distribution responsive to a key and/or Time-of-Day (TOD) value and is used by a transmitter for communicating information.

186. A method according to claim 185, wherein communicating information comprises associating a measure of information with at least one element of the at least one alphabet.

187. A method according to claim 186, wherein the measure of information is a message and/or symbol comprising at least one bit.

188. A method according to claim 185, wherein the key comprises a bit sequence.

189. A method according to claim 188, wherein the bit sequence comprises a TRANsmissions SECurity (TRANSEC) and/or a COMMunications SECurity (COMMSEC) bit sequence.

190. A method according to claim 185, wherein the Time-of-Day (TOD) value is based upon GPS.

191. A method according to claim 185, wherein generating the at least one alphabet comprises using a predetermined algorithm and/or look-up table.

192. A method according to claim 183, wherein an element of the plurality of elements is based upon a plurality of time-domain and/or frequency-domain values.

193. A method according to claim 192, wherein a time-domain and/or frequency-domain value of the plurality of time-domain and/or frequency-domain values is real, imaginary and/or complex.

194. A method according to claim 179, wherein the synthesizing comprises synthesizing a direct waveform devoid of a frequency translation, wherein the direct waveform synthesizing is used to generate the at least one alphabet.

195. A method according to claim 194, wherein the direct waveform synthesizing comprises at least one pseudo-random generator, filter, Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converter, Digital-to-Analog (D/A) converter, Fourier transform, inverse Fourier transform and/or orthogonalizer.

196. A method according to claim 195, wherein the Fourier transform is a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and/or a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and the inverse Fourier transform is an Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) and/or an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT).

197. A method according to claim 195, wherein the orthogonalizer is a Gram-Schmidt orthogonalizer.

198. A method according to claim 176, wherein the at least one alphabet comprises at least two alphabets.

199. A method according to claim 176, wherein the at least one alphabet is used over a first time interval and not used over a second time interval.

200. A method according to claim 199, wherein the first time interval is associated with a Time-of-Day (TOD) value, message, symbol and/or bit.

201. A method according to claim 200, wherein at least one second alphabet is used over the second time interval.

202. A method according to claim 201, wherein the at least one alphabet and the at least one second alphabet are different therebetween.

203. A method according to claim 202, wherein different comprises a difference in a time-domain and/or frequency-domain characteristic.

204. A method according to claim 185, further comprising transmitting at least one second waveform during a time interval that is not associated with communicating information.

205. A method according to claim 204, wherein the at least one second waveform is devoid of a cyclostationary property and comprises a frequency content that is substantially the same as a frequency content of the waveform.

206. A method according to claim 205, wherein the frequency content is a power spectral density.

207. A method according to claim 176, wherein transmitting is performed by a transmitter that is fixed, mobile, portable, transportable, installed in a vehicle and/or installed in a satellite.

208. A method according to claim 207, wherein the vehicle is a land-mobile vehicle, a maritime vehicle, an aeronautical vehicle and/or an unmanned vehicle.

209. A method according to claim 177, wherein devoid of a cyclostationary property comprises devoid of a chipping rate.

210. A method according to claim 176, further comprising Forward Error Correction (FEC) encoding, bit repetition, bit interleaving, bit-to-symbol conversion, symbol repetition, symbol interleaving, symbol-to-waveform mapping, waveform repetition and/or waveform interleaving.

211. A method according to claim 185, wherein communicating information comprises communicating information wirelessly.

212. A method according to claim 185, wherein communicating information comprises communicating spread-spectrum information.

213. A method according to claim 176, wherein the waveform comprises a first plurality of frequencies over a first time interval and a second plurality of frequencies over a second time interval, wherein the first plurality of frequencies differ from the second plurality of frequencies in at least one frequency.

214. A method according to claim 213, wherein at least some frequencies of the first and/or second plurality of frequencies are also used by a second transmitter.

215. A method according to claim 214, wherein the second transmitter is a transmitter of a commercial communications system.

216. A method according to claim 176, wherein the at least one alphabet is used deterministically and/or pseudo-randomly.

217. A method according to claim 216, wherein used deterministically and/or pseudo-randomly comprises usage of the at least one alphabet responsive to a Time-of-Day (TOD) value, a pseudo-random selection and/or a usage of one or more alphabets other than the at least one alphabet.

218. A method according to claim 217, wherein usage comprises usage of at least one element of the plurality of elements of the at least one alphabet.

219. A method according to claim 176, wherein a synthesis associated with the waveform is substantially devoid of a frequency translation.

220. A method according to claim 219, wherein the synthesis includes a plurality of operations that are used to form the waveform, the plurality of operations not including a frequency translation and wherein the transmitter transmits the waveform without subjecting the waveform to a frequency translation.

221. A method according to claim 220, wherein the plurality of operations include generating values pseudo-randomly, a Fourier transform, a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), an inverse Fourier transform, an Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT), an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT), Forward Error Correction (FEC) encoding, bit interleaving, bit-to-symbol conversion, symbol interleaving, symbol-to-waveform mapping, waveform repetition, filtering, amplification and/or waveform interleaving.

222. A method according to claim 221, wherein generating values pseudo-randomly comprises generating at least one value responsive to a Time-of-Day (TOD) value and/or a key input.

223. A method according to claim 222, wherein generating at least one value pseudo-randomly comprises generating at least one value based upon at least one statistical distribution.

224. A method according to claim 223, wherein the at least one statistical distribution comprises a Normal/Gaussian, Bernoulli, Geometric, Pascal/Negative Binomial, Exponential, Erlang, Weibull, Chi-Squared, F, Student'"'"'s t, Rise, Pareto, Poisson, Binomial, Uniform, Gamma, Beta, Laplace, Cauchy, Rayleigh, Maxwell and/or any other distribution.

225. A method according to claim 224, wherein the at least one statistical distribution is truncated.

226. A method according to claim 222, wherein the at least one value is a time-domain and/or frequency-domain value.

227. A method according to claim 226, wherein the at least one value is real, imaginary and/or complex.

228. A method according to claim 227, wherein the at least one value is based upon at least one statistical distribution.

229. A method according to claim 228, wherein the at least one statistical distribution comprises a Normal/Gaussian, Bernoulli, Geometric, Pascal/Negative Binomial, Exponential, Erlang, Weibull, Chi-Squared, F, Student'"'"'s t, Rise, Pareto, Poisson, Binomial, Uniform, Gamma, Beta, Laplace, Cauchy, Rayleigh, Maxwell and/or any other distribution.

230. A method according to claim 229, wherein the at least one statistical distribution is truncated.

269. A method according to claim 176, wherein synthesizing is performed selectively, and wherein the method further comprises selectively synthesizing at least one alphabet that is not based upon at least one statistical distribution.

231. A method of communicating information, the method comprising transmitting and/or receiving a spread-spectrum waveform that is substantially devoid of a chipping rate.

270. A method according to claim 231, wherein transmitting a spread spectrum waveform that is substantially devoid of a chipping rate is performed selectively, the method further comprising transmitting a spread spectrum waveform that includes a chipping rate.

232. A method of receiving information, the method comprising receiving a measure of a spread-spectrum waveform that is substantially devoid of a chipping rate devoid.

233. A method of communicating information, the method comprising transmitting and/or receiving a waveform that is substantially Gaussian distributed.

271. A method according to claim 233, wherein transmitting and/or receiving a waveform that is substantially Gaussian-distributed is performed selectively, the method further comprising selectively transmitting and/or receiving a waveform that is not substantially Gaussian-distributed.

234. A method of receiving information, the method comprising receiving a measure of a waveform that is substantially Gaussian distributed.

235. A method of communicating information, the method comprising transmitting and/or receiving a waveform that does not include a cyclostationary signature.

236. A method of receiving information, the method comprising receiving a measure of a waveform that does not include a cyclostationary signature.

237. A method of transmitting information, the method comprising mapping an information sequence onto a waveform sequence, wherein the waveform sequence is substantially devoid of a cyclostationary signature.

238. A method of receiving information, the method comprising mapping a waveform sequence that is substantially devoid of a cyclostationary signature onto an information sequence.

239. A method of providing information, the method comprising processing a waveform that is substantially devoid of a cyclostationary property.

240. A method of receiving information from a transmitter, the method comprising receiving a measure of a signal that is based upon at least one statistical distribution, wherein the transmitter synthesizes at least one alphabet based upon the at least one statistical distribution and transmits the signal based upon the at least one alphabet.

241. A method of transmitting a signal comprising wirelessly transmitting a signal that is based upon at least one alphabet, wherein the at least one alphabet is based upon at least one statistical distribution.

242. A method according to claim 241, wherein the at least one statistical distribution comprises a Normal/Gaussian, Bernoulli, Geometric, Pascal/Negative Binomial, Exponential, Erlang, Weibull, Chi-Squared, F, Student'"'"'s t, Rise, Pareto, Poisson, Binomial, Uniform, Gamma, Beta, Laplace, Cauchy, Rayleigh, Maxwell and/or any other distribution.

243. A method according to claim 242, wherein the at least one statistical distribution is truncated.

244. A method according to claim 241, wherein the at least one alphabet comprises a plurality of elements and at least a first and second element of the plurality of elements are substantially orthogonal therebetween.

245. A method according to claim 244, wherein substantially orthogonal comprises substantially orthonormal.

246. A method of processing a waveform comprising transmitting and/or receiving the waveform, wherein the waveform is based upon at least one alphabet, the at least one alphabet is based upon at least one statistical distribution and the waveform and/or the at least one alphabet is/are substantially devoid of a cyclostationary signature and/or chipping rate.

247. A method according to claim 246, wherein the at least one statistical distribution comprises a Normal/Gaussian, Bernoulli, Geometric, Pascal/Negative Binomial, Exponential, Erlang, Weibull, Chi-Squared, F, Student'"'"'s t, Rise, Pareto, Poisson, Binomial, Uniform, Gamma, Beta, Laplace, Cauchy, Rayleigh, Maxwell and/or any other distribution.

248. A method according to claim 247, wherein the at least one statistical distribution is truncated.

249. A method according to claim 246, wherein the at least one alphabet comprises a plurality of elements and at least a first and second element of the plurality of elements are substantially orthogonal therebetween.

250. A method according to claim 249, wherein substantially orthogonal comprises substantially orthonormal.

251. A method according to claim 246, wherein the processing includes a plurality of operations and is substantially devoid of a frequency translation.

252. A method according to claim 251, wherein the plurality of operations include generating values pseudo-randomly, a Fourier transform, a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), an inverse Fourier transform, an Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT), an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT), Forward Error Correction (FEC) encoding, bit interleaving, bit-to-symbol conversion, symbol interleaving, symbol-to-waveform mapping, waveform repetition, filtering, amplification and/or waveform interleaving.

253. A method according to claim 252, wherein generating values pseudo-randomly comprises generating at least one value responsive to a Time-of-Day (TOD) value and/or a key input.

254. A method according to claim 253, wherein generating at least one value comprises generating at least one value based upon at least one statistical distribution.

255. A method according to claim 254, wherein the at least one statistical distribution comprises a Normal/Gaussian, Bernoulli, Geometric, Pascal/Negative Binomial, Exponential, Erlang, Weibull, Chi-Squared, F, Student'"'"'s t, Rise, Pareto, Poisson, Binomial, Uniform, Gamma, Beta, Laplace, Cauchy, Rayleigh, Maxwell and/or any other distribution.

256. A method according to claim 255, wherein the at least one statistical distribution is truncated.

257. A method according to claim 253, wherein the at least one value is a time-domain and/or frequency-domain value.

258. A method according to claim 257, wherein the at least one value is real, imaginary and/or complex.

259. A method according to claim 258, wherein the at least one value is based upon at least one statistical distribution.

260. A method according to claim 246, wherein transmitting and/or receiving comprises wirelessly transmitting and/or receiving.

261. A method according to claim 260, wherein transmitting and/or receiving comprises transmitting and/or receiving at a space-based component, at a land-mobile vehicle, at a maritime vehicle, at an aeronautical vehicle, at an un-manned vehicle and/or at a user device.

262. A method according to claim 261, wherein the user device is fixed, mobile, portable, transportable and/or installed in a vehicle.

263. A method according to claim 260, wherein wirelessly transmitting and/or receiving is based upon frequencies that are used by a plurality of transmitters.

264. A method according to claim 263, wherein first and second transmitters of the plurality of transmitters are respectively associated with first and second systems.

265. A method according to claim 264, wherein at least one system of the first and second systems is a commercial system.