LITHIUM RECHARGEABLE CELL WITH REFERENCE ELECTRODE FOR STATE OF HEALTH MONITORING
First Claim
1. A battery, comprising:
- first and second working electrodes separated by at least one separator, the first working electrode in electrical connection with a first terminal, and the second working electrode in electrical connection with a second terminal;
one or more reference electrodes; and
a can housing the working electrodes and the one or more reference electrodes, wherein the can is electrically isolated from the first and second terminals and is electrically connected to the one or more reference electrodes to provide terminals for the one or more reference electrodes.
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Accused Products
Abstract
A battery management system includes one or more lithium ion cells in electrical connection, each said cell comprising: first and second working electrodes and one or more reference electrodes, each reference electrode electronically isolated from the working electrodes and having a separate tab or current collector exiting the cell and providing an additional terminal for electrical measurement; and a battery management system comprising a battery state-of-charge monitor, said monitor being operable for receiving information relating to the potential difference of the working electrodes and the potential of one or more of the working electrodes versus the reference electrode.
107 Citations
61 Claims
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1. A battery, comprising:
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first and second working electrodes separated by at least one separator, the first working electrode in electrical connection with a first terminal, and the second working electrode in electrical connection with a second terminal; one or more reference electrodes; and a can housing the working electrodes and the one or more reference electrodes, wherein the can is electrically isolated from the first and second terminals and is electrically connected to the one or more reference electrodes to provide terminals for the one or more reference electrodes. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28)
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29. A lithium ion battery system, comprising:
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(a) one or more lithium ion cells in electrical connection, each said cell comprising; first and second working electrodes separated by separator membranes, the working electrodes capable of lithium ion uptake and release, the first working electrode comprising a first electroactive layer on a first current collector, and the second working electrode comprising a second electroactive layer on a second current collector; and one or more reference electrodes, each reference electrode electronically isolated from the working electrodes and having a separate tab or current collector exiting the cell and providing an additional terminal for electrical measurement; and (b) a battery management system comprising; a battery state-of-charge monitor, said monitor being operable for receiving information relating to the potential difference of the working electrodes and the potential of one or more of the working electrodes vs. the one or more reference electrodes. - View Dependent Claims (30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61)
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51. A method of avoiding lithium plating in a lithium ion battery comprising:
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measuring the potential of the negative electrode relative to a reference electrode during charging of a lithium ion battery; comparing the measured potential to a critical potential associated with the plating of lithium metal; and adjusting the charging conditions of the lithium ion battery to reduce the risk or prevent plating of lithium at the negative electrode. - View Dependent Claims (52, 53)
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54. A method of minimizing charge time of a lithium-ion battery by maximizing the charge current that is applied at any particular SOC during a charging event, comprising:
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measuring the potential of the negative electrode relative to a reference electrode during charging of the battery, said charging having a charge rate; determining the state of charge of the battery; comparing the measured state of charge to a state of charge profile; and adjusting the charge rate upwards or downwards to maintain the actual charge rate within a predetermined range that provides one or more of optimal safety operation and optimal charge rate to minimize charge time.
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55. A method of detecting whether there is an electrical connection between a can and either terminal of a cell, comprising:
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applying a material to the inside of the can, said material having a redox potential that differs from that of either terminals, where the potential difference is greater than 0.2 V; and measuring the voltage between at least one terminal and the can.
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Specification