Spread Spectrum Clock Interoperability Control and Inspection Circuit

• US 20090179678A1
• Filed: 01/11/2008
• Published: 07/16/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 01/11/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Lexmark International Incorporated (Ninestar Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Lexmark International Incorporated (Ninestar Corporation)
• Inventors: Oglesbee, Robert Aaron, Hardin, Keith Bryan
• Granted Patent: US 7,970,042 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 327/165
• CPC Class Codes: B41J 2/17546 electronically
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 21/725 operating on a secure reference time value
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2221/2129 Authenticate client device independently of the user
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 3/84 Generating pulses having a predetermined statistical distribution of a parameter, e.g. random pulse generators
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 5/082 with an adaptive threshold

Abstract

A spread spectrum clock generator (SSCG) control and inspection circuit provides a system and method for inspecting and controlling an external SSCG, and for verifying the modulation profile waveform of an external SSCG. An electronic circuit is included that can check for the presence of an optimal SSCG modulation profile in product subsystems, and in attached modular systems, including electronic plug-in features such as internal network adapters and cartridges. In one mode of the invention, an electronic circuit ensures continued radiated emissions compliance for field replaceable units or consumable parts within a product, such as a printer, a scanner, or a combination (or all-in-one) printer/scanner. In another mode of the invention, an electronic circuit may also act as a secondary security device for consumable products, such as toner cartridges or ink jet cartridges. In yet another mode of the invention, an electronic circuit may also adjust the attached SSCG clock.

Claims

1. A clock interoperability circuit, comprising:

(a) an input circuit for receiving a first spread spectrum clock signal from an external device, said input circuit having a converter circuit that converts said first spread spectrum clock signal to a second demodulated signal;

(b) a memory circuit that stores a predetermined mask, in which said mask comprises at least one data attribute that is to be used for inspecting said second demodulated signal; and

(c) a compare logic circuit that is configured;

(i) to read said at least one data attribute of said predetermined mask, and use said at least one data attribute to define a set of boundary conditions;

(ii) to read said second demodulated signal from said input circuit, and determine a wave shape of a modulation profile of said second demodulated signal; and

(iii) to compare the wave shape of said second demodulated signal'"'"'s modulation profile to said set of boundary conditions, and determine whether the wave shape of said second demodulated signal'"'"'s modulation profile is statistically within said set of boundary conditions.

2. The clock interoperability circuit of claim 1, wherein said input circuit includes an analog-to-digital converter circuit, and a demodulation circuit having a tracking phase-locked loop circuit that receives said first spread spectrum clock signal;

wherein;

(a) said tracking phase-locked loop circuit attempts to emulate the frequency attributes of said first spread spectrum clock signal; and

(b) said tracking phase-locked loop circuit outputs a third signal from within the loop circuit itself, and the third signal is directed to said analog-to-digital converter.

3. The clock interoperability circuit of claim 2, wherein said tracking phase-locked loop circuit outputs said third signal from one of:

(a) a node between a loop filter and a voltage-controlled oscillator;

(b) a node between a first phase-frequency detector and a first charge pump; and

(c) a second loop filter and a second charge pump, which receives a fourth signal from a node between said first phase-frequency detector and said first charge pump.

4. The clock interoperability circuit of claim 1, wherein said compare logic circuit is further configured:

(a) to determine at least one positive one-half pulse period by detecting zero deviation crossings;

(b) to determine at least one negative one-half pulse period by detecting zero deviation crossings; and

(c) to add said at least one positive one-half pulse period and said at least one negative one-half pulse period to calculate a modulation period of said first spread spectrum clock signal.

5. The clock interoperability circuit of claim 1, further comprising:

(a) a subsystem device that generates said first spread spectrum clock signal, said subsystem device including a first spread spectrum clock generator circuit; and

(b) an output circuit controlled by said clock interoperability circuit that generates a fifth control signal that is directed to said subsystem device, wherein said fifth control signal is used to adjust said first spread spectrum clock generator circuit to compensate for process variations in said first spread spectrum clock generator circuit.

6. The clock interoperability circuit of claim 1, further comprising:

(a) a subsystem device that generates said first spread spectrum clock signal, said subsystem device including a first spread spectrum clock generator circuit; and

(b) a system device that contains said input circuit, said memory circuit, and said compare logic circuit, wherein said compare logic circuit verifies that said first spread spectrum clock generator circuit complies with predetermined electromagnetic radiation limits.

7. The clock interoperability circuit of claim 6, wherein if said first spread spectrum clock generator circuit fails said verification function, then said system device will enter a predetermined state.

8. The clock interoperability circuit of claim 1, further comprising:

(a) a first subsystem device that includes a first spread spectrum clock generator circuit which generates said first spread spectrum clock signal;

(b) a second subsystem device that includes a second spread spectrum clock generator circuit which generates a second spread spectrum clock signal;

(c) a first output circuit controlled by said clock interoperability circuit that generates a fifth control signal that is directed to said first subsystem device; and

(d) a second output circuit controlled by said clock interoperability circuit that generates a sixth control signal that is directed to said second subsystem device;

wherein said fifth control signal is used to control predetermined operating parameters of said first spread spectrum clock generator circuit, and said sixth control signal is used to control predetermined operating parameters of said second spread spectrum clock generator circuit, such that said fifth and sixth control signals substantially prevent overlap of clock output frequencies between said first and second spread spectrum clock generator circuits.

9. The clock interoperability circuit of claim 1, wherein said input circuit, said memory circuit, and said compare logic circuit are resident on an image forming device;

further comprising;

(a) a first subsystem device that includes a first spread spectrum clock generator circuit which generates said first spread spectrum clock signal;

(b) a second spread spectrum clock generator circuit that is resident on said image forming device, wherein said second spread spectrum clock generator circuit generates a second spread spectrum clock signal; and

(c) an output circuit that is resident on said image forming device, which is controlled by said clock interoperability circuit, and which generates a fifth control signal that is directed to said first subsystem device;

wherein said fifth control signal is used to control predetermined operating parameters of said first spread spectrum clock generator circuit, such that said fifth control signal substantially prevents overlap of clock output frequencies between said first and second spread spectrum clock generator circuits.

10. The clock interoperability circuit of claim 1, wherein said input circuit, said memory circuit, and said compare logic circuit are resident on an image forming device;

further comprising;

(a) a first subsystem device that includes a first spread spectrum clock generator circuit which generates said first spread spectrum clock signal; and

(b) an output circuit that is resident on said image forming device, which is controlled by said clock interoperability circuit, and which generates a fifth control signal that is directed to said first subsystem device;

wherein said fifth control signal is used to adjust predetermined operating parameters of said first spread spectrum clock generator circuit to compensate for process variations in said first spread spectrum clock generator circuit.

11. The clock interoperability circuit of claim 1, wherein said input circuit, said memory circuit, and said compare logic circuit are resident on an image forming device;

and further comprising;

a first subsystem device that includes a first spread spectrum clock generator circuit which generates said first spread spectrum clock signal;

wherein said compare logic circuit verifies that said first spread spectrum clock generator circuit complies with predetermined electromagnetic radiation limits.

12. The clock interoperability circuit of claim 11, wherein if said first spread spectrum clock generator circuit fails said verification function, then said image forming device will be placed in a predetermined state.

13. A spread spectrum clock signal inspection circuit, comprising:

(a) a demodulation circuit that receives from a device a first spread spectrum clock signal, said first spread spectrum clock signal having a modulation profile, said demodulation circuit converting said first spread spectrum clock signal to a second analog signal;

(b) a low pass filter circuit that receives said second analog signal, and outputs a third analog signal;

(c) a plurality of offset circuits that receive said third analog signal, and that output a plurality of fourth analog signals, said offset circuits having predetermined offset values; and

(d) a plurality of comparator circuits that receive said second analog signal from said demodulation circuit and said plurality of fourth analog signals from said plurality of offset circuits, said comparator circuits outputting a plurality of fifth digital signals;

wherein logic states of said plurality of fifth digital signals are indicative of whether or not a waveform of said first spread spectrum clock signal modulation profile is within predetermined values, as determined by said predetermined offset values of the plurality of offset circuits.

14. The spread spectrum clock signal inspection circuit of claim 13, wherein said logic states of the plurality of fifth digital signals are inspected at a time of interest that occurs when two test waveforms are substantially at their greatest difference values, in which said two test waveforms comprise:

(a) a linear minimum-maximum cyclic function; and

(b) a cubic function of an optimum modulation profile waveform known as a “

Lexmark”

spread spectrum profile.

15. The spread spectrum clock signal inspection circuit of claim 13, further comprising a plurality of latch circuits that receive said plurality of fifth digital signals from said plurality of comparator circuits, and that receive a sixth latch control signal at a time that is of interest to inspect a logic state of said plurality of fifth digital signals, wherein upon receiving said sixth latch control signal, said plurality of latch circuits store said logic state of said plurality of fifth digital signals until a later moment in time.

16. The spread spectrum clock signal inspection circuit of claim 15, wherein said sixth latch control signal occurs when two test waveforms are substantially at their greatest difference values, in which said two test waveforms comprise:

(a) a linear minimum-maximum cyclic function; and

(b) a cubic function of an optimum modulation profile waveform known as a “

Lexmark”

spread spectrum profile.

17. A method for inspecting a spread spectrum clock signal, comprising:

(a) providing a subsystem device which includes a first spread spectrum clock generator circuit that generates a first spread spectrum clock signal;

(b) outputting said first spread spectrum clock signal using a first output circuit;

(c) determining, at a device in communication with the subsystem, a modulation profile waveform of said first spread spectrum clock signal;

(d) determining, at said device in communication with the subsystem, a set of boundary conditions;

(e) comparing, at said device in communication with the subsystem, said modulation profile waveform of said first spread spectrum clock signal to said set of boundary conditions; and

(f) determining, at said device in communication with the subsystem, and based upon said comparison, whether the modulation profile waveform of said first spread spectrum clock signal is statistically within said set of boundary conditions.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein said set of boundary conditions comprises two test waveforms as follows:

(a) a linear minimum-maximum cyclic function; and

(b) a cubic function of an optimum modulation profile waveform known as a “

Lexmark”

spread spectrum profile.

19. The method of claim 17, further comprising:

(a) providing a system device that includes a first input circuit, and a clock tracker/verification control circuit;

(b) receiving at said first input circuit said first spread spectrum clock signal from the first output circuit of said subsystem device; and

(c) performing, at said clock tracker/verification control circuit, said steps of;

(i) determining said modulation profile waveform of said first spread spectrum clock signal received at said first input circuit;

(ii) determining said set of boundary conditions;

(iii) comparing said modulation profile waveform of said first spread spectrum clock signal to said set of boundary conditions; and

(iv) determining whether the modulation profile waveform of said first spread spectrum clock signal is statistically within said set of boundary conditions.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:

(a) providing a second input circuit at said subsystem device;

(b) providing a second output circuit at said system device that is in communication with the second input circuit of said subsystem device;

(c) sending a control signal, generated at said clock tracker/verification control circuit, to said subsystem device, using said second output circuit; and

(d) adjusting, by use of said control signal, the operating characteristics of said first spread spectrum clock generator circuit.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein said step of adjusting the operating characteristics of said first spread spectrum clock generator circuit is for the purpose of at least one of:

(a) compensating for process variations in said first spread spectrum clock generator circuit;

(b) verifying that said first spread spectrum clock generator circuit complies with predetermined radiation limits;

(c) preventing overlap of clock frequencies between said first spread spectrum clock generator circuit at the subsystem and a second spread spectrum clock generator circuit at the system device; and

(d) verifying that said first spread spectrum clock generator circuit complies with predetermined radiation limits, wherein if said first spread spectrum clock generator circuit fails said verification function, then said system device will be placed in a predetermined condition.

22. The method of claim 19, wherein said system device comprises a printer and said subsystem device comprises a field replaceable unit, and said step of determining whether the modulation profile waveform of said first spread spectrum clock signal is statistically within said set of boundary conditions tends to assist in authenticating said field replaceable unit.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein said field replaceable unit comprises one of:

a toner cartridge, an ink cartridge, a paper input feeder, a paper output handler, a photoconductive element, a fuser unit, an image transfer member, a developer unit and an ink nozzle subassembly.