Transactional Memory System

• US 20100070727A1
• Filed: 09/17/2008
• Published: 03/18/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 09/17/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Microsoft Corporation
• Inventors: Abadi, Martin, Harris, Timothy
• Granted Patent: US 8,180,986 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 711/163
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 12/145 the protection being virtual, e.g. for virtual blocks or segments before a translation mechanism
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 9/528 by using speculative mechanisms

Abstract

A transactional memory system is described for reporting memory access violations which occur when memory accesses made from instructions within a transaction conflict with memory accesses to the same memory location made from a non-transactional instruction. In an embodiment this is achieved by creating two mappings of a physical heap being used by a thread. The thread (which may be part of a multi-threaded process) comprises instructions for both transactional and non-transactional accesses to the physical heap which may execute concurrently as part of that thread. One of the mappings is used for non-transactional memory accesses to the physical heap. The other mapping is used for transactional memory accesses to the physical heap. Access permissions associated with the mappings are controlled to enable attempted memory access violations to be detected and reported.

Claims

1. A method of detecting memory access conflicts, the method comprising:

creating a plurality of mappings in a virtual address space of a physical heap used by a process executed on a processor, each of the mappings having a plurality of memory regions and each memory region having an access permission;

controlling the access permissions of the memory regions in order to detect memory access conflicts.

2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the process of creating the plurality of mappings comprises:

creating a normal heap and a transactional heap both being mappings in the virtual address space of the physical heap and having different virtual address ranges from one another;

using the normal heap when making non-transactional memory accesses to the physical heap; and

using the transactional heap when making transactional memory accesses to the physical heap.

3. A method as claimed in claim 2 which further comprises controlling the access permissions of the normal heap in the event that a request to access the transactional heap is received.

4. A method as claimed in claim 2 which further comprises arranging the processor to carry out a conflict management policy in the event that a memory access conflict is detected.

5. A method as claimed in claim 4 wherein the conflict management policy comprises controlling the access permissions such that non-transactional memory accesses proceed in series with transactions.

6. A method as claimed in claim 4 wherein the conflict management policy comprises carrying out dynamic code generation to update instructions that previously resulted in a memory access conflict.

7. A method as claimed in claim 6 wherein the dynamic code generation comprises generating short transactions to carry out memory accesses which were previously non-transactional.

8. A method as claimed in claim 4 wherein the conflict management policy comprises controlling the access permissions such that an attempted memory access made using the normal heap waits until a memory access made using the transactional heap has finished.

9. A method as claimed in claim 4 wherein the conflict management policy comprises performing an attempted memory access made using the normal heap as a short transaction.

10. A method as claimed in claim 2 which comprises using memory segmentation to achieve the mappings between the physical heap and each of the normal and transactional heaps.

11. A method as claimed in claim 1 which comprises creating N normal heaps where N is a positive integer of value 2 or more, each memory region of each normal heap providing access to 1/n of a memory region of the physical heap and each memory region of each normal heap having an independently controllable access permission.

12. A method as claimed in claim 2 which further comprises carrying out a static analysis of the process to identify safe instructions where memory access conflicts are not expected and reducing the control of the access permissions in these cases.

13. A method as claimed in claim 12 which comprises implementing non-transactional memory accesses identified as safe, as transactional memory accesses.

14. A method as claimed in claim 12 which comprises identifying transactional accesses to memory regions not expected to be accessed non-transactionally.

15. A method as claimed in claim 1 which further comprises issuing a report of a detected memory access conflict to facilitate debugging software.

16. A method as claimed in claim 1 which further comprises storing objects to be used by the process at memory regions of the physical heap and controlling the location of those stored objects within the physical heap in order to reduce the number of access violations.

17. A method of reporting memory access violations, the method comprising:

creating a normal heap being a mapping in a virtual address space of a physical heap used by a process executed on a processor, the process comprising at least one thread, that thread comprising instructions for both transactional and non-transactional accesses to the physical heap which may execute concurrently as part of that thread;

creating a transactional heap being a mapping in the virtual address space, the transactional heap having a different virtual address range from the normal heap;

wherein the process of creating the normal and transactional heaps comprises specifying a plurality of memory regions, each memory region of the normal heap corresponding to a memory region of the physical heap and each memory region of the transactional heap corresponding to a memory region of the physical heap and where each of the memory regions of the normal heap has an access permission;

using the normal heap when making non-transactional memory accesses to the physical heap;

using the transactional heap when making transactional memory accesses to the physical heap;

detecting attempts to concurrently access the same memory region of the physical heap from both the normal and transactional heaps by controlling the access permissions to selectively revoke access to the physical heap by non-transactional memory accesses.

18. A method as claimed in claim 17 wherein the memory regions are pages of memory.

19. A method as claimed in claim 18 which further comprises controlling the access permissions such that non-transactional memory accesses proceed in series with transactions.

20. One or more device-readable media with device-executable instructions for performing steps comprising:

creating a normal heap being a mapping in a virtual address space of a physical heap used by a process executed on a processor, the process comprising at least one thread, that thread comprising instructions for both transactional and non-transactional accesses to the physical heap which may execute concurrently as part of that thread;

creating a transactional heap being a mapping in the virtual address space, the transactional heap having a different virtual address range from the normal heap;

wherein the process of creating the normal and transactional heaps comprises specifying a plurality of memory regions, each memory region of the normal heap corresponding to a memory region of the physical heap and each memory region of the transactional heap corresponding to a memory region of the physical heap and where each of the memory region of the normal heap has an access permission;

using the normal heap when making non-transactional memory accesses to the physical heap;

using the transactional heap when making transactional memory accesses to the physical heap;

detecting attempts to concurrently access the same memory region of the physical heap from both the normal and transactional heaps by controlling the access permissions.