APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PREDICTIVE CONTROL OF A POWER GENERATION SYSTEM

• US 20100114393A1
• Filed: 01/26/2010
• Published: 05/06/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 03/07/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Siemens AG
• Original Assignee: Siemens AG
• Inventors: Chen, Dingguo
• Granted Patent: US 7,957,845 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 700/292
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2203/20 Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/00 Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/00 Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 40/20 Information technology specific aspects, e.g. CAD, simulation, modelling, system security

Abstract

A method for controlling a power system control area according to a first and a second control performance standard, wherein operation of the control area determines area control parameter values. The method comprises (a) determining a first compliance target for the first performance standard and a second compliance target for the second performance standard (100/200); (b) determining a first performance standard statistical measure responsive to the control area parameter values from a beginning of a first compliance period to a time at which the first average is determined (108); (c) determining a second performance standard statistical measure responsive to the control area parameter values from a beginning of a second compliance period to a time at which the second average is determined; (d) determining a first area control parameter target responsive to the first performance standard statistical measure (116); (e) determining a second area control parameter target responsive to the second performance standard statistical measure (204); (f) determining a first area control parameter correction responsive to the first area control parameter target and the area control parameter values (150); (g) determining a second area control parameter correction responsive to the second area control parameter target and the area control parameter values (228) and (h) controlling the power system according to one or both of the first and the second area control parameter corrections (154/232).

Claims

1-26. -26. (canceled)

27. A method for controlling a power system control area during a control cycle j of a control interval i according to a control performance standard, wherein operation of the control area determines area control parameter values and control performance standard values, the method comprising:

(a) determining a control performance standard compliance target;

(b) determining a statistical measure of the control performance standard responsive to the control performance standard values from a beginning of a compliance period to a time t at which the average is determined;

(c) determining an area control parameter upper target and lower target responsive to the statistical measure;

(d) determining a first deviation of each area control parameter value from the upper target and a second deviation of each area control parameter value from the lower target, from the beginning of the control interval i to a control cycle j−

1;

(e) summing the first deviations to produce a first sum and summing the second deviations to produce a second sum;

(f) determining an average area control parameter responsive to the area control parameter values from the beginning of the control interval i to the control cycle j−

1;

(g) determining a relationship between the average area control parameter and the upper target;

(h) deter mining a relationship between the average area control parameter and the lower target; and

(i) determining a correction amount to be applied to the area control parameter for the control cycle j, the correction amount responsive to the relationships determined at the steps (g) and (h) and the first and the second sums or determining that a correction amount is not required.

28. The method of claim 27 wherein the relationship of the step (g) comprises the average area control parameter greater than zero and less than the upper target, and wherein responsive to the relationship of the step (g) the step (i) further comprises determining that a correction amount is not required.

29. The method of claim 27 wherein the relationship of the step (h) comprises the average area control parameter less than zero and greater than the lower target, and wherein responsive to the relationship of the step (ha) the step (i) further comprises determining that a correction amount is not required.

30. The method of claim 27 the step (i) further comprising for the average area control parameter greater than the upper target according to the step (g), determining a correction amount of a negative of a quantity including the first sum and the area control parameter of the control cycle j.

31. The method of claim 27 the step (i) further comprising for the average area control parameter greater than the upper target according to the step (g), determining a correction amount of a negative of a quantity including the first sum, a deviation of the area control parameter of the control cycle j from the upper target and the upper target.

32. The method of claim 27 the step (i) further comprising for the average area control parameter less than the lower target, determining a correction amount of a negative of a quantity including the second sum and the area control parameter of the control cycle j.

33. The method of claim 27 the step (i) further comprising for the average area control parameter less than the lower target according to the step (h), determining a correction amount of a negative of a quantity including the second sum, a deviation of the area control parameter of the control cycle j from the lower target and the lower target.

34. The method of claim 27 wherein step (g) further comprises determining a relationship between the average determined at the step (f) and a fraction of the upper target.

35. The method of claim 27 wherein step (h) further comprises determining a relationship between the average determined at the step (f) and a fraction of the lower target.

36. The method of claim 27 wherein the control performance standard comprises CPS1, the statistical measure comprises an average, the compliance target comprises 100%, the compliance period comprises one year, and the upper target is determined according to

ACE_i^U=|{[(n_t+n_T-t)(2−

p_cps1)ε

₁²−

n_tX₁]/n_T-t}(−

10B_i)/[g<sub>Λ

F</sub>×

(Δ

F_i)_m]|

and the lower target is determined according to

ACE_i^L=−

|{[(n_t+n_T-t)(2−

p_cps1)ε

₁²−

n_tX₁]/n_T-t}(−

10B_i)/[g<sub>Λ

F</sub>×

(Δ

F_i)_m]|

37. The method of claim 27 wherein the control performance standard comprises CPS1, the statistical measure comprises an average, the compliance target comprises 100% and the compliance period comprises one year, the upper target is determined according to

ACE_i^U=|{[(n_t+n_T-t)(2−

p_cps1)ε

₁²−

n_tX₁]/n_T-t}(−

10B_i)/[(Δ

F_i)]|

and the lower target is determined according to

ACE_i^L=−

|{[(n_t+n_T-t)(2−

p_cps1)ε

₁²−

n_tX₁]/n_T-t}(−

10B_i)/[(Δ

F_i)]|

38. The method of claim 27 wherein a step (c) further comprises using a gain factor to determine the upper and lower targets.

39. The method of claim 27 wherein the control performance standard comprises CPS2, the statistical measure is responsive to an assumed probability density function for the control performance standard, the control performance standard comprises a CPS2 control performance standard, the compliance target comprises 90% and the compliance period comprises one calendar month, the

upper target is determined according to

$\mathrm{ACE}$



10 t U = 

g ace 



10 

×

( ( t - 1 ) ×

L 10 / x ) - ∑

i = 1 t - 1 

[ ACE 10 _ ] i 2

and the lower target is determined according to

$\mathrm{ACE}<br><br><br><br>{10}_t^L=-<br><br>g_{\mathrm{ace}<br><br><br><br>10}<br><br>\times <br><br>\sqrt{\left(\left(t-1\right)\times <br><br>L_{10}/x\right)-\underset{i=1}{\overset{t-1}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>{\left[\stackrel{\_}{{\mathrm{ACE}}_{10}}\right]}_i^2}$

40. The method of claim 27 wherein the control performance standard comprises CPS2, the statistical measure is responsive to an assumed probability density function for the control performance standard, the compliance target comprises 90% and the compliance period comprises one calendar month, the

upper target is determined according to

$\mathrm{ACE}$



10 t U = ( ( t - 1 ) ×

L 10 / x ) - ∑

i = 1 t - 1 

[ ACE 10 _ ] i 2

and the lower target is determined according to

$\mathrm{ACE}<br><br><br><br>{10}_t^L=-\sqrt{\left(\left(t-1\right)\times <br><br>L_{10}/x\right)-\underset{i=1}{\overset{t-1}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>{\left[\stackrel{\_}{{\mathrm{ACE}}_{10}}\right]}_i^2}$

41. The method of claim 27 wherein a step (c) further comprises using a gain factor to determine the upper and lower targets.

42. A method for controlling a power system control area according to a first and a second control performance standard, wherein operation of the control area determines area control parameter values, the method comprising:

(a) determining a first compliance target for the first performance standard and a second compliance target for the second performance standard;

(b) determining a first performance standard statistical measure responsive to the control area parameter values from a beginning of a first compliance period to a time at which the first average is determined;

(c) determining a second performance standard statistical measure responsive to the control area parameter values from a beginning of a second compliance period to a time at which the second average is determined;

(d) determining a first area control parameter target responsive to the first performance standard statistical measure;

(e) determining a second area control parameter target responsive to the second performance standard statistical measure;

(f) determining a first area control parameter correction responsive to the first area control parameter target and the area control parameter values;

(g) determining a second area control parameter correction responsive to the second area control parameter target and the area control parameter values; and

(h) controlling the power system according to one or both of the first and the second area control parameter corrections.

43. The method of claim 42 wherein the second area control parameter has a higher priority than the first area control parameter, wherein if the first and the second corrections are in a same direction, a correction having the greater value is used according to the step (i), wherein if the first and the second correction are in an opposite direction, the second correction is used according to the step (i), if one of the first and the second corrections is substantially zero, the non-zero correction is used according to the step (i).

44. The method of claim 42 wherein the first area control parameter comprises CPS1 and the second area control parameter comprise CPS2.

45. The method of claim 42 wherein the first compliance target comprises 100%, the first compliance period comprises a calendar year, the second compliance target comprises 90% and the second compliance period comprises a calendar month.

46. An apparatus for controlling a power system control area according to a first and a second control performance standard, the apparatus comprising:

a data base for storing area control parameter values determined from operational parameters of the power system control area

a first module for determining a first measure of a first control performance standard responsive to the operational parameters from a beginning of a first compliance period to the time at which the first measure is determined;

a second module for determining a second measure of a second control performance standard responsive to the operational parameters from a beginning of a second compliance period to the time at which the second measure is determined;

a third module for determining a first area control parameter target responsive to the first measure and to a compliance target for the first control performance standard, and for determining a second area control parameter target responsive to the second measure and to a compliance target for the second control performance standard;

a fourth module for determining a first area control parameter correction responsive to a first area control parameter target and the area control parameter values and for determining a second area control parameter correction responsive to the second area control parameter target and the area control parameter values; and

a fifth module for controlling the power system control area according to one or both of the first and the second area control parameter corrections.

47. The apparatus of claim 46 wherein the operational parameters comprise actual and scheduled incoming and outgoing power flows and actual and scheduled interconnection frequency.

48. The apparatus of claim 46 wherein the second area control parameter has a higher priority than the first area control parameter, wherein if the first and the second area control parameter corrections are in a same direction, a correction having the greater absolute value is used by the fifth module, wherein if the first and the second area control parameter corrections are in an opposite direction, the second correction is used by the fifth module, if one of the first and the second area control parameter corrections is substantially zero, a non-zero correction is used by the fifth module.

49. The apparatus of claim 46 wherein the first area control parameter comprises CPS1 and the second area control parameter comprise CPS2.

50. The apparatus of claim 46 wherein the compliance target for the first control performance standard comprises 100%, the first compliance period comprises a calendar year, the compliance target for the second control performance standard comprises 90% and the second compliance period comprises a calendar month.

51. The apparatus of claim 46 wherein the first and the second measures are determined from the beginning of the respective first and second compliance periods to a time t, wherein the fourth module determines the first area control parameter correction responsive to the first area control parameter target and the area control parameter values to the time t and determines the second area control parameter correction responsive to the second area control parameter target and the area control parameter values to the time t.

52. A computer program product for controlling a power system control area during a control cycle j of a control interval i according to a control performance standard, wherein operation of the control area determines area control parameter values and control performance standard values, the computer program product comprising:

a computer usable medium having computer readable program code modules embodied in the medium for controlling the power system control area;

a computer readable first program code module for determining a control performance standard compliance target;

a computer readable second code module for determining a statistical measure of the control performance standard responsive to the control performance standard values from a beginning of a compliance period to a time t at which the statistical measure is determined;

a computer readable third program code module for determining an area control parameter upper target and lower target responsive to the statistical measure;

a computer readable fourth program code module for determining a first deviation of each area control parameter value from the upper target and a second deviation of each area control parameter value from the lower target, from the beginning of the control interval i to a control cycle j−

1;

a computer readable fifth program code module for summing the first deviations to produce a first sum and summing the second deviations to produce a second sum;

a computer readable sixth program code module for determining an average area control parameter responsive to the area control parameter values from the beginning of the control interval i to the control cycle j−

1;

a computer readable seventh program code module for determining a relationship between the average area control parameter and the upper target;

a computer readable eighth program code module for determining a relationship between the average area control parameter and the lower target; and

a computer readable ninth program code module for determining a correction amount to be applied to the area control parameter for the control cycle j, the correction amount responsive to the relationships determined by the seventh and eighth program code modules and the first and the second sums or determining that a correction amount is not required.

53. A computer program product for controlling a power system control area according to a first and a second control performance standard, wherein operation of the control area determines area control parameter values, the computer program product comprising:

a computer usable medium having computer readable program code modules embodied in the medium for controlling the power system control area;

a computer readable first program code module for determining a first compliance target for the first performance standard and a second compliance target for the second performance standard;

a computer readable second program code module for determining a first performance standard statistical measure responsive to the control area parameter values from a beginning of a first compliance period to a time at which the first average is determined;

a computer readable third program code module for determining a second performance standard statistical measure responsive to the control area parameter values from a beginning of a second compliance period to a time at which the second average is determined;

a computer readable fourth program code module for determining a first area control parameter target responsive to the first performance standard statistical measure;

a computer readable fifth program code module for determining a second area control parameter target responsive to the second performance standard statistical measure;

a computer readable sixth program code module for determining a first area control parameter correction responsive to the first area control parameter target and the area control parameter values;

a computer readable seventh program code module for determining a second area control parameter correction responsive to the second area control parameter target and the area control parameter values; and

a computer readable eighth program code module for controlling the power system according to one or both of the first and the second area control parameter corrections.