SPECTROSCOPIC METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MULTI-FACTOR BIOMETRIC AUTHENTICATION

• US 20100141380A1
• Filed: 03/08/2007
• Published: 06/10/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 05/08/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Davar Pishva
• Original Assignee: Davar Pishva
• Inventors: Pishva, Davar
• Granted Patent: US 8,284,019 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 340/5.200
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/1394 using acquisition arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/19 Sensors therefor
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/45 Detection of the body part being alive

Abstract

A multi-factor biometrics authentication method including the steps of: acquiring a non-spectrometric biometric signature (e.g. fingerprint, iris pattern, etc.) of a biometric signature source (e.g. fingertip, iris, etc.) of a subject to be authenticated (e.g. person); acquiring spectral information (e.g. diffuse reflectance spectrum, reflectance spectrum, etc.) of the biometric signature source; using the non-spectrometric biometric signature to determine the unique identity of the biometric signature source; and using the spectral information to verify that the subject to be authenticated belongs to a predetermined class of objects (e.g. living persons). A biometrics system (e.g. fingerprint authentication device, iris pattern authentication device) is augmented with spectral biometrics capability in a practical manner without introducing much overhead to the base biometrics technology or inconvenience to users.

Claims

1. A multifactor authentication method comprising the steps of:

acquiring a non-spectrometric biometric signature of a biometric signature source of a subject to be authenticated;

acquiring spectral information of the biometric signature source;

using the non-spectrometric biometric signature to determine the unique identity of the biometric signature source; and

using the spectral information to verify that the subject to be authenticated belongs to a predetermined class of objects.

2. The multifactor authentication method according to claim 1, wherein the steps of acquiring the non-spectrometric biometric signature of the biometric signature source of the subject to be authenticated and acquiring the spectral information of the biometric signature source are carried out simultaneously.

3. The multifactor authentication method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

registering a non-spectrometric biometric signature of a biometric signature source of a subject to be authenticated; and

registering spectral information of the biometric signature source; and

wherein in the step of using the non-spectrometric biometric signature to determine the unique identity of the biometric signature source, the acquired non-spectrometric biometric signature is compared with the registered non-spectrometric biometric signature to determine the unique identity of the biometric signature source, and

in the step of using the spectral information to verify that the subject to be authenticated belongs to the predetermined class of objects, the acquired spectral information is compared with the registered spectral information to verify that the subject to be authenticated belongs to the predetermined class of objects.

4. The multifactor authentication method according to claim 3, wherein the steps of acquiring the non-spectrometric biometric signature of the biometric signature source of the subject to be authenticated and acquiring the spectral information of the biometric signature source are carried out simultaneously.

5. The multifactor authentication method according to claim 3, wherein in the step of comparing the acquired spectral information with the registered spectral information to verify that the subject to be authenticated belongs to the predetermined class of objects, cluster analysis is performed on the acquired spectral information and the registered spectral information to determine a similarity value of the acquired spectral information and the registered spectral information, and the subject to be authenticated is verified as belonging to the predetermined class of objects when the determined similarity value is judged to be within a predetermined range.

6. The multifactor authentication method according to claim 4, wherein in the step of comparing the acquired spectral information with the registered spectral information to verify that the subject to be authenticated belongs to the predetermined class of objects, cluster analysis is performed on the acquired spectral information and the registered spectral information to determine a similarity value of the acquired spectral information and the registered spectral information, and the subject to be authenticated is verified as belonging to the predetermined class of objects when the determined similarity value is judged to be within a predetermined range.

7. The multifactor authentication method according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein said subject to be authenticated is a person.

8. The multifactor authentication method according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein said subject to be authenticated is a person and said predetermined class of objects is ‘

living human beings.

9. The multifactor authentication method according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein said subject to be authenticated is a person and said predetermined class of objects is ‘

living human beings with predetermined spectral characteristics.

10. The multifactor authentication method according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein said subject to be authenticated is a person, said predetermined class of objects is ‘

living human beings’

or ‘

living human beings with predetermined spectral characteristics,’

said biometric signature source is a fingertip, said non-spectrometric biometric signature is a fingerprint image of the fingertip, and said spectral information of the biometric signature source is a diffuse reflectance spectrum of the fingertip.

11. The multifactor authentication method according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein said subject to be authenticated is a person, said predetermined class of objects is ‘

living human beings’

or ‘

living human beings with predetermined spectral characteristics,’

said biometric signature source is a fingertip, said non-spectrometric biometric signature is a fingerprint image of the fingertip, and said spectral information of the biometric signature source is a diffuse reflectance spectrum of the fingertip in a wavelength range of 350 nm to 1050 nm.

12. The multifactor authentication method according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein said subject to be authenticated is a person, said predetermined class of objects is ‘

living human beings’

or ‘

living human beings with predetermined spectral characteristics,’

said biometric signature source is an iris, said non-spectrometric biometric signature is an image of the iris, and said spectral information of the biometric signature source is a reflectance spectrum of the iris.

13. The multifactor authentication method according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein said subject to be authenticated is a person, said predetermined class of objects is ‘

living human beings’

or ‘

living human beings with predetermined spectral characteristics,’

said biometric signature source is an iris, said non-spectrometric biometric signature is an image of the iris, and said spectral information of the biometric signature source is a reflectance spectrum of the iris in a wavelength range of 400 nm to 1050 nm.

14. A multifactor authentication system comprising:

a non-spectrometric biometric signature acquisition means for acquiring a non-spectrometric biometric signature of a biometric signature source of a subject to be authenticated;

a spectral information acquisition means for acquiring spectral information of the biometric signature source; and

an identity determination and verification means that uses the non-spectrometric biometric signature to determine the unique identity of the biometric signature source and uses the spectral information to verify that the subject to be authenticated belongs to a predetermined class of objects.

15. The multifactor authentication system according to claim 14, further comprising:

a storage means for storing the acquired non-spectrometric biometric signature as a registered non-spectrometric biometric signature and storing the acquired spectral information as registered spectral information; and

wherein said identity determination and verification means compares a newly acquired non-spectrometric biometric signature with the stored, registered non-spectrometric biometric signature to determine the unique identity of the biometric signature source and compares newly acquired spectral information with the stored, registered spectral information to verify that the subject to be authenticated belongs to the predetermined class of objects.

16. The multifactor authentication system according to claim 14 or 15, wherein said non-spectrometric biometric signature acquisition means acquires the non-spectrometric biometric signature of the biometric signature source of the subject to be authenticated and said spectral information acquisition means acquires the spectral information of the biometric signature source simultaneously.

17. The multifactor authentication system according to claim 14 or 15, wherein said subject to be authenticated is a person, said predetermined class of objects is ‘

living human beings with predetermined spectral characteristics,’

said biometric signature source is a fingertip of the person, said non-spectrometric biometric signature is a fingerprint image of the fingertip, said spectral information of the biometric signature source is a diffuse reflectance spectrum of the fingertip, said non-spectrometric biometric signature acquisition means is a CCD or CMOS detecting system, which comprises a CCD or CMOS sensor and with which an image of the fingerprint is formed on a detecting surface of said CCD or CMOS sensor, said spectral information acquisition means is a photodiode array (PDA) detecting system, which comprises a PDA and with which diffusely reflected light from the fingertip is spectrally dispersed onto said PDA, and said identity determination and verification means comprises a computer or other information processing means.

18. The multifactor authentication system according to claim 14 or 15, further comprising a sheet prism or other prism means and a light source and wherein said subject to be authenticated is a person, said predetermined class of objects is ‘

living human beings with predetermined spectral characteristics,’

said biometric signature source is a fingertip of the person, said non-spectrometric biometric signature is a fingerprint image of the fingertip, said spectral information of the biometric signature source is a diffuse reflectance spectrum of the fingertip, said non-spectrometric biometric signature acquisition means is a CCD or CMOS detecting system, which comprises a CCD or CMOS sensor and a first optical system, in turn comprising at least a first lens, and with which said first optical system forms an image of spectrally reflected light from the fingertip on the CCD or CMOS sensor, said spectral information acquisition means is a photodiode array (PDA) detecting system, which comprises a PDA and a second optical system, in turn comprising at least a second lens and a diffraction grating, and with which said second optical system spectrally disperses diffusely reflected light from the fingertip onto said PDA, said identity determination and verification means comprises a computer or other information processing means, the fingertip is placed on said sheet prism or other prism means, light from said light source is made incident on the fingertip via the sheet prism or other prism means, and said first optical system forms an image of the spectrally reflected light from the fingertip on the CCD or CMOS sensor at the same that said second optical system spectrally disperses the diffusely reflected light from the fingertip onto the PDA so that the fingerprint image and the diffuse reflectance spectrum of the fingertip are acquired simultaneously.

19. The multifactor authentication system according to claim 14 or 15, wherein said subject to be authenticated is a person, said predetermined class of objects is ‘

living human beings with predetermined spectral characteristics,’

said biometric signature source is a fingertip of the person, said non-spectrometric biometric signature is fingerprint image of the fingertip, said spectral information of the biometric signature source is a diffuse reflectance spectrum of the fingertip, said non-spectrometric biometric signature acquisition means comprises a first portion of a detecting surface of a CCD or CMOS sensor and forms an image of the fingerprint on said first portion, said spectral information acquisition means comprises a second portion of said detecting surface of said CCD or CMOS sensor that differs from said first portion and spectrally disperses diffusely reflected light from the fingertip onto said second portion, and said identity determination and verification means comprises a computer or other information processing means.

20. The multifactor authentication system according to claim 14 or 15, further comprising a sheet prism or other prism means and a light source and wherein said subject to be authenticated is a person, said predetermined class of objects is ‘

living human beings with predetermined spectral characteristics,’

said biometric signature source is a fingertip of the person, said non-spectrometric biometric signature is fingerprint image of the fingertip, said spectral information of the biometric signature source is a diffuse reflectance spectrum of the fingertip, said non-spectrometric biometric signature acquisition means comprises a first portion of a detecting surface of a CCD or CMOS sensor and a first optical system, in turn comprising at least a lens, said first optical system forms an image of the fingerprint on said first portion, said spectral information acquisition means comprises a second portion of said detecting surface of said CCD or CMOS sensor that differs from said first portion and a second optical system, in turn comprising at least a second lens and a diffraction grating, said second optical system spectrally disperses diffusely reflected light from the fingertip onto said second portion, said identity determination and verification means comprises a computer or other information processing means, the fingertip is placed on said sheet prism or other prism means, light from said light source is made incident on the fingertip via the sheet prism or other prism means, and said first optical system forms the fingerprint image on said first portion of said CCD or CMOS sensor at the same that the second optical system spectrally disperse the diffusely reflected light from the fingertip onto said second portion of said CCD or CMOS sensor so that the fingerprint image and the diffuse reflectance spectrum of the fingertip are acquired simultaneously.

21. The multifactor authentication system according to claim 14 or 15, wherein said subject to be authenticated is a person, said predetermined class of objects is ‘

living human beings with predetermined spectral characteristics,’

said biometric signature source is an iris of the person, said non-spectrometric biometric signature is an image of the iris, said spectral information of the biometric signature source is a reflectance spectrum of the iris, said non-spectrometric biometric signature acquisition means is a CCD or CMOS detecting system, which comprises a CCD or CMOS sensor and with which an image of the iris is formed on a detecting surface of a CCD or CMOS sensor, said spectral information acquisition means is a photodiode array (PDA) detecting system, which comprises a PDA and with which reflected light from the iris is spectrally dispersed onto said PDA, and said identity determination and verification means comprises a computer or other information processing means.

22. The multifactor authentication system according to claim 14 or 15, wherein said subject to be authenticated is a person, said predetermined class of objects is ‘

living human beings with predetermined spectral characteristics,’

said biometric signature source is an iris of the person, said non-spectrometric biometric signature is an image of the iris, said spectral information of the biometric signature source is a reflectance spectrum of the iris, said non-spectrometric biometric signature acquisition means is a CCD or CMOS detecting system, which comprises a CCD or CMOS sensor and a first optical system and with which said first optical system forming an image of the iris on said CCD or CMOS sensor, said spectral information acquisition means is a photodiode array (PDA) detecting system, which comprises a PDA and a second optical system, in turn comprising at least a diffraction grating and a beam splitter or half mirror, and with which said second optical system spectrally disperses reflected light from the iris said PDA, said identity determination and verification means comprises a computer or other information processing means, and said first optical system forms the image of the iris on said CCD or CMOS sensor at the same that said second optical system spectrally disperses the reflected light from the iris onto the PDA so that the iris image and the reflectance spectrum of the iris are acquired simultaneously.

23. The multifactor authentication system according to claim 14 or 15, wherein said subject to be authenticated is a person, said predetermined class of objects is ‘

living human beings with predetermined spectral characteristics,’

said biometric signature source is an iris of the person, said non-spectrometric biometric signature is an image of the iris, said spectral information of the biometric signature source is a reflectance spectrum of the iris, said non-spectrometric biometric signature acquisition means comprises a first portion of a detecting surface of a CCD or CMOS sensor and forms an image of the iris on said first portion, said spectral information acquisition means comprises a second portion of said detecting surface of said CCD or CMOS sensor that differs from the first portion and spectrally disperses reflected light from the iris onto said second portion, and said identity determination and verification means comprises a computer or other information processing means.

24. The multifactor authentication system according to claim 14 or 15, wherein said subject to be authenticated is a person, said predetermined class of objects is ‘

living human beings with predetermined spectral characteristics,’

said biometric signature source is an iris of the person, said non-spectrometric biometric signature is an image of the iris, said spectral information of the biometric signature source is a reflectance spectrum of the iris, said non-spectrometric biometric signature acquisition means comprises a first portion of a detecting surface of a CCD or CMOS sensor and a first optical system, said first optical system forms an image of the iris on said first portion, said spectral information acquisition means comprises a second portion of said detecting surface of said CCD or CMOS sensor that differs from said first portion and a second optical system, in turn comprising at least a diffraction grating and a beam splitter or half mirror, said second optical system spectrally disperses reflected light from the iris onto said second portion, said identity determination and verification means comprises a computer or other information processing means, and said first optical system forms an image of the iris on said first portion of said CCD or CMOS sensor at the same that said second optical system spectrally disperses the reflected light from the iris onto said second portion of the CCD or CMOS sensor so that the iris image and the reflectance spectrum of the iris are acquired simultaneously.