CAPACITORS USING PREFORMED DIELECTRIC

• US 20100195261A1
• Filed: 02/02/2010
• Published: 08/05/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 02/02/2009
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: Space Charge, LLC
• Original Assignee: Space Charge, LLC
• Inventors: Sweeney, Daniel C., Read, John B.
• Application Number:
  US12/698,904
• Publication Number:
  US 20100195261A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 361/313
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/22 Electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 4/008 Selection of materials
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 4/01 Form of self-supporting electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 4/1209 characterised by the ceramic dielectric material H01G4/1272, H01G4/1281 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/435 Solid dielectric type

Abstract

Devices for storing energy at a high density are described. The devices include an electrode preformed to present a high exposed area onto which a dielectric is formed. The dielectric material has a high dielectric constant (high relative permittivity) and a high breakdown voltage, allowing a high voltage difference between paired electrodes to effect a high stored energy density.

Claims

1. A storage capacitor comprising:

a first electrode having a first surface with a first surface area;

a second electrode having a second surface with a second surface area, wherein the second electrode is physically separated from the first electrode creating a gap between the first electrode and the second electrode; and

a dielectric material disposed within the gap and contacting the first surface and the second surface, wherein an effective relative permittivity between the first electrode and the second electrode is greater than or about 500.

2. The storage capacitor of claim 1 wherein the first surface comprises a textured surface structure, wherein the first surface area ranges from greater than or about 4 to greater than or about 50 times larger than a flat surface similar to the first surface.

3. The storage capacitor of claim 2, wherein the first surface of the first electrode comprises a metallic open-cell foam.

4. The storage capacitor of claim 3, wherein the metallic open-cell foam comprises nickel.

5. The storage capacitor of claim 1, wherein the second surface is a textured surface wherein the second surface area ranges from greater than or about 4 to greater than or about 50 times larger than a flat surface similar to the second surface.

6. The storage capacitor of claim 1, wherein the effective relative permittivity ranges between above or about 1000 to above or about 2000.

7. The storage capacitor of claim 1, wherein the dielectric material comprises ceramic perovskite.

8. The storage capacitor of claim 1, wherein the dielectric material comprises tungsten bronze perovskite.

9. The storage capacitor of claim 1, wherein the dielectric material comprises two or more dielectric layers each layer being a different dielectric material.

10. A method of forming a storage capacitor, the method comprising:

providing a first metal electrode with a first surface;

providing a second metal electrode with a second surface, wherein the second electrode is physically separate from the first electrode creating a gap between the first electrode and the second electrode; and

flowing a dielectric between the first electrode and the second electrode into the gap; and

converting the flowable dielectric to a solid dielectric having a relative permittivity greater than or about 500.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the relative permittivity ranges above or about 1000 to above or about 2000.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein the operation of flowing a dielectric comprises the sequential steps of:

flowing a first dielectric; and

flowing a second dielectric,

wherein a viscosity of the first dielectric is less than the viscosity of the second dielectric.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein the first metal electrode is textured and the operation of flowing a dielectric between the first and second electrodes further comprises flowing the dielectric onto the first metal electrode wherein the contact area between the dielectric and the first metal electrode ranges from greater than or about 4 to greater than or about 50 times the contact area flat surface with a similar electrode having a flat surface.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the first metal electrode comprises a woven metal mesh.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein the first metal electrode comprises a metal foam.

16. The method of claim 13, wherein the first metal electrode comprises metal fibers.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the metal fibers comprise carbon fibers.

18. The method of claim 10, wherein the second metal electrode is textured and the operation of flowing a dielectric between the first and second electrodes further comprises flowing the dielectric in amongst the second metal electrode wherein the contact area between the dielectric and the second metal electrode ranges from greater than or about 4 to greater than or about 50 times a contact area with a similar electrode having a flat surface.

19. The method of claim 10, wherein the operation of converting the flowable dielectric to a solid dielectric comprises curing the dielectric.

20. The method of claim 10, wherein the operation of converting the flowable dielectric to a solid dielectric comprises annealing the dielectric.

21. The method of claim 10, wherein the operation of converting the flowable dielectric to a solid dielectric comprises irradiating the dielectric with ultraviolet light.

22. The method of claim 10, wherein the dielectric comprises solid granules of material, which increase the relative permittivity of the solid dielectric.