MAGNETIC INDUCTIVE CHARGING WITH LOW FAR FIELDS

• US 20100244767A1
• Filed: 03/27/2009
• Published: 09/30/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 03/27/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Microsoft Corporation
• Inventors: Turner, Jim, Saponas, Scott, Morris, Dan, Tan, Desney
• Granted Patent: US 8,686,684 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 320/108
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2207/20 Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/12 of the resonant type
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/20 using microwaves or radio frequency waves
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/40 using two or more transmitting or receiving devices H02J50/50 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/402 the two or more transmitting or the two or more receiving devices being integrated in the same unit, e.g. power mats with several coils or antennas with several sub-antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0013 acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially H02J7/1423 takes precedence

Abstract

A charging station wirelessly transmits power to mobile electronic devices (MEDs) each having a planar-shaped receiver coil (RC) and a capacitor connected in parallel across the RC. The station includes a planar charging surface, a number of series-interconnected bank A source coils (SCs), a number of series-interconnected bank B SCs, and electronics for energizing the SCs. Each SC generates a flux field perpendicular to the charging surface. The bank A and bank B SCs are interleaved and alternately energized in a repeating duty cycle. The coils in each bank are also alternately wound in a different direction so that the fields cancel each other out in a far-field environment. Whenever an MED is placed in close proximity to the charging surface, the fields wirelessly induce power in the RC. The MEDs can have any two-dimensional orientation with respect to the charging surface.

Claims

1. A charging station apparatus for wirelessly transmitting electrical power to mobile electronic devices (MEDs), comprising:

a planar charging surface;

a first prescribed even number of series-interconnected bank A source coils;

a second prescribed even number of series-interconnected bank B source coils; and

source electronics for energizing the bank A and bank B source coils, wherein,

whenever energized, each source coil generates an alternating electromagnetic flux field in a direction perpendicular to the charging surface,

the bank A source coils and bank B source coils are alternately energized in a repeating duty cycle,

the bank A source coils and bank B source coils are interleaved so that the MEDs can have any two-dimensional orientation with respect to the charging surface, and

whenever one or more MEDs each comprising a receiver coil are placed in close proximity to the charging surface, one or more of the flux fields wirelessly induce electrical power in the receiver coil.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each MED comprises one or more batteries and the duty cycle comprises a prescribed cycle period which is set to optimally charge the batteries.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein,

the source coils are uniformly distributed along the charging surface using a prescribed center-to-center spacing S between adjacent source coils,

each source coil has a common planar shape and a common areal size, and

the common planar shape and areal size of each source coil, and the spacing S are determined based on a planar shape and an areal size of the receiver coil.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein,

the planar shape of the receiver coil is rectangular,

the areal size of the receiver coil is 20 mm×

16 mm, and

the center-to-center spacing S between adjacent source coils is 22 mm.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the flux field generated by each source coil has a frequency of 13.56 MHz.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the source electronics comprise:

a first output stage circuit for generating a first amplified clock signal and a second amplified clock signal;

a first transformer comprising a first primary winding, wherein the first amplified clock signal is connected to one side of the first primary winding through a series resistor R1 and series capacitor C1, and the second amplified clock signal is connected to the other side of the first primary winding through a series resistor R2 and series capacitor C2;

a second output stage circuit for generating a third amplified clock signal and a fourth amplified clock signal; and

a second transformer comprising a second primary winding, wherein the third amplified clock signal is connected to one side of the second primary winding through a series resistor R3 and series capacitor C3, and the fourth amplified clock signal is connected to the other side of the second primary winding through a series resistor R4 and series capacitor C4.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the source electronics further comprise an output control circuit, wherein the output control circuit,

monitors a first current flowing through the bank A source coils,

dynamically adjusts the first output stage circuit to maintain said first current at a prescribed constant level,

monitors a second current flowing through the bank B source coils, and

dynamically adjusts the second output stage circuit to maintain said second current at the prescribed constant level.

8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein,

C1, C2, C3 and C4 have a dynamically variable capacitance value, and

the source electronics further comprise a first auto-tune circuit, wherein the first auto-tune circuit,

senses a voltage V1 from an input side of R1 to circuit ground, senses a current I1 flowing through R1, and dynamically adjusts the capacitance value of C1 to maintain a near zero phase difference between V1 and I1,

senses a voltage V2 from an input side of R2 to circuit ground, senses a current I2 flowing through R2, and dynamically adjusts the capacitance value of C2 to maintain a near zero phase difference between V2 and I2,

senses a voltage V3 from an input side of R3 to circuit ground, senses a current I3 flowing through R3, and dynamically adjusts the capacitance value of C3 to maintain a near zero phase difference between V3 and I3, and

senses a voltage V4 from an input side of R4 to circuit ground, senses a current I4 flowing through R4, and dynamically adjusts the capacitance value of C4 to maintain a near zero phase difference between V4 and I4.

9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein,

the first transformer further comprises a secondary winding A to which the bank A source coils are connected,

the second transformer further comprises a secondary winding B to which the bank B source coils are connected,

the source coils are each series-resonated by a dedicated series resistor and dedicated series capacitor, said capacitors each having a dynamically variable capacitance value, and

the source electronics further comprise a second auto-tune circuit, wherein for each source coil the second auto-tune circuit,

senses a voltage across the source coil, the dedicated series resistor and the dedicated series capacitor for the source coil,

senses a current flowing through the dedicated series resistor for the source coil, and

dynamically adjusts the capacitance value of the dedicated series capacitor for the source coil to maintain a negligible phase difference between the sensed voltage and the sensed current.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the dedicated series resistor for each source coil has a resistance value which is selected to maximize current flowing through the source coil, and thus maximize the strength of the flux field generated by the source coil in a near-field environment.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein,

the bank A source coils are alternately wound in a different direction,

the bank B source coils are alternately wound in a different direction, and

the flux fields generated by the bank A and bank B source coils cancel each other out in a far-field environment.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first prescribed even number is two and the second prescribed even number is two.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first prescribed even number is greater than two and the second prescribed even number is greater than two.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein either each source coil comprises one turn, or each source coil comprises two turns.

15. A power receiver apparatus for wirelessly receiving electrical power from a charging station, comprising:

a receiver coil having a planar shape; and

a capacitor CR connected in parallel across the receiver coil, said capacitor serving to resonate the receiver coil, wherein,

whenever the power receiver apparatus is placed in close proximity to a planar charging surface of the charging station which generates a plurality of alternating electromagnetic flux fields in a direction perpendicular to the charging surface, one or more of the flux fields wirelessly induce electrical power in the receiver coil.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein,

the receiver coil comprises either two turns, or three turns, or four turns,

each turn comprises a series-interconnected collection of printed circuit board (PCB) traces which are routed along the perimeter of a flat PCB,

each turn is implemented on a different layer of the PCB, and

turns on adjacent PCB layers are electrically interconnected.

17. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising a diode-based peak rectifier circuit, wherein,

the induced electrical power in the receiver coil comprises an alternating voltage VR across capacitor CR,

the rectifier circuit rectifies voltage VR and outputs a DC voltage, and

the rectifier circuit comprises an inductor which prevents any load on the DC voltage from detuning the receiver coil.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, further comprising a shunt circuit comprising a metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor and a schottky diode, wherein the shunt circuit regulates changes in the peak-to-peak value of voltage VR such that the value of the DC voltage is maintained within a prescribed small voltage range and transient surges in voltage VR are reduced.

19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the DC voltage is connected directly to a battery charging integrated circuit which charges one or more batteries.

20. A charging station apparatus for wirelessly transmitting electrical power to mobile electronic devices (MEDs), comprising:

a planar charging surface;

a first prescribed even number of series-interconnected bank A source coils which are alternately wound in a different direction;

a second prescribed even number of series-interconnected bank B source coils which are alternately wound in a different direction; and

source electronics for energizing the bank A and bank B source coils, wherein,

whenever energized, each source coil generates an alternating electromagnetic flux field in a direction perpendicular to the charging surface,

the flux fields cancel each other out in a far-field environment,

the bank A source coils and the bank B source coils are interleaved and alternately energized in a repeating duty cycle, so that the MEDs can have any two-dimensional orientation with respect to the charging surface.