BLOOD PUMP WITH EXPANDABLE CANNULA

• US 20110004046A1
• Filed: 07/01/2010
• Published: 01/06/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 07/01/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: TC1 LLC (Abbott Laboratories Incorporated), Penn State Research Foundation, Thoratec LLC
• Original Assignee: Penn State Research Foundation, Thoratec LLC
• Inventors: Kunz, Robert F., Mallison, Thomas M., McBride, Mark W., Campbell, Robert L., Walsh, Justin M., Boone, Edward, Myer, Eric, Metrey, Daniel, Powell, Kevin J., Walters, Daniel A.
• Granted Patent: US 8,535,211 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 600/16
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/13 by means of a catheter allowing explantation, e.g. catheter pumps temporarily introduced via the vascular system
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/139 inside the aorta, e.g. intra-aortic balloon pumps
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/148 in line with a blood vessel using resection or like techniques, e.g. permanent endovascular heart assist devices
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/237 the blood flow through the rotating member having mainly axial components, e.g. axial flow pumps
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/414 transmitted by a rotating cable, e.g. for blood pumps mounted on a catheter
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/422 the force acting on the blood contacting member being electromagnetic, e.g. using canned motor pumps
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/808 specially adapted for deformable impellers, e.g. expandable impellers
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/857 Implantable blood tubes
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/894 Passive valves, i.e. valves actuated by the blood

Abstract

A blood pump includes an impeller having a plurality of foldable blades and a cannula having a proximal portion with a fixed diameter, and a distal portion with an expandable diameter. The impeller can reside in the expandable portion of the cannula. The cannula has a collapsed condition for percutaneous delivery to a desired location within the body, and an expanded condition in which the impeller can rotate to pump blood. A flexible drive shaft can extend through the cannula for rotationally driving the impeller within the patient'"'"'s body.

Claims

1. An apparatus for inducing motion of a fluid relative to the apparatus, the apparatus comprising:

an elongated cannula having a proximal portion and a distal portion, the proximal portion including a conduit having a fixed diameter, and the distal portion including an expandable portion having a diameter expandable to a diameter greater than the fixed diameter;

an impeller positioned in the elongated cannula and having a deployed configuration and a stored configuration; and

a valve is positioned in the impeller and has a first condition for occluding flow of a first fluid through the impeller from a first end to a second end of the impeller, and a second condition for occluding flow of a second fluid through the impeller from the second end to the first end.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, the impeller further comprising:

a hub; and

a passageway extending through the hub between a first end and a second end;

wherein the valve is located in the passageway.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the impeller is adapted to pump blood from a heart chamber through the expandable portion.

4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the impeller further comprises a blade supported by the hub, the blade having a proximal end attached to the hub and a distal end, the blade in the deployed configuration of the impeller extending away from the hub, and the blade in the stored configuration of the impeller being compressed so as to move the distal end of the blade towards the hub.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the impeller comprises a plurality of blades.

7. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the impeller comprises

a hub;

and

a blade supported by the hub, the blade having a proximal end attached to the hub and a distal end, the blade in the deployed configuration of the impeller extending away from the hub, and the blade in the stored configuration of the impeller being compressed so as to move the distal end of the blade towards the hub; and

6. An apparatus for inducing motion of a fluid relative to the apparatus, comprising:

an elongated cannula having a proximal portion and a distal portion, the proximal portion including a conduit having a fixed diameter, and the distal portion including an expandable portion having a diameter expandable to a diameter greater than the fixed diameter; and

an impeller positioned in the elongated cannula and having a deployed configuration and a stored configuration;

a vane assembly positioned in the expandable portion distally of the impeller and having a deployed configuration and a stored configuration, the vane assembly comprises

a vane hub; and

a plurality of vanes supported by the vane hub, each of the vanes having a proximal end attached to the vane hub and a distal end, the vanes in the deployed configuration of the vane assembly extending away from the vane hub, and the vanes in the stored configuration of the vane assembly being compressed so as to move the distal ends of the vanes towards the vane hub;

wherein the vane assembly is connected to the impeller so that the vane assembly moves with the impeller in a longitudinal direction of the elongated cannula and so that the vane assembly does not rotate with the impeller.

9. The apparatus of claim 6, the impeller having a deployed configuration and a stored configuration, the impeller comprising:

a hub; and

a blade supported by the hub, the blade having a proximal end attached to the hub and a distal end, the blade in the deployed configuration of the impeller extending away from the hub, and the blade in the stored configuration of the impeller being compressed so as to move the distal end of the blade towards the hub.

12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the impeller comprises a hub and a blade supported by the hub, the blade having a proximal end attached to the hub and a^-distal end, the blade in the deployed configuration of the impeller extending away from the hub, and the blade in the stored configuration of the impeller being compressed so as to move the distal end of the blade towards the hub.

8. An apparatus for inducing motion of a fluid relative to the apparatus, comprising:

an elongated cannula having a proximal portion and a distal portion, the proximal portion including a conduit having a fixed diameter, and the distal portion including an expandable portion having an inlet end, an outlet end and a diameter expandable to a diameter greater than the fixed diameter, the expandable portion comprising;

a generally tubular reinforcing matrix;

a layer of a first polymer at least partially coating an exterior of the reinforcing matrix; and

a layer of a second polymer different from the first polymer in a region adjacent the inlet end of the expandable portion; and

an impeller positioned in the elongated cannula.

11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the connector extends between a first end connected to an apex of a first circumferential ring and a second end connected to an apex of a second circumferential ring.

14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the impeller has a deployed configuration and a stored configuration, the impeller comprising a hub and a blade supported by the hub, the blade having a proximal end attached to the hub and a distal end, the blade in the deployed configuration of the impeller extending away from the hub, and the blade in the stored configuration of the impeller being compressed so as to move the distal end of the blade towards the hub.

10. An apparatus for inducing motion of a fluid relative to the apparatus comprising:

an elongated cannula having a proximal portion and a distal portion, the proximal portion including a conduit having a fixed diameter, and the distal portion including an expandable portion having an inlet end, an outlet end and a diameter expandable to a diameter greater than the fixed diameter, the expandable portion comprising;

a generally tubular reinforcing matrix comprising;

a plurality of circumferential rings each having an undulating pattern including a plurality of apexes pointing toward the outlet end and defining a plurality of recesses pointing toward the inlet end;

a plurality of connectors, each connector connecting one of the apexes pointing toward the outlet end in one of the rings to an adjacent one of the rings; and

an impeller positioned in the elongated cannula and having a deployed configuration and a stored configuration.

13. An apparatus for inducing motion of a fluid relative to the apparatus, comprising:

an elongated cannula having a proximal portion and a distal portion, the proximal portion including a conduit having a fixed diameter, and the distal portion including an expandable portion having an inlet end, an outlet end and a diameter expandable to a diameter greater than the fixed diameter, the expandable portion comprising;

a generally tubular reinforcing matrix;

a layer of a first polymer at least partially coating an exterior of the reinforcing matrix, the reinforcing matrix including a plurality of circumferential rings each having an undulating pattern including a plurality of apexes pointing toward the outlet end and defining a plurality of recesses pointing toward the inlet end;

at least one region of a second polymer different from the first polymer that overlies the first polymer layer and extends between one of the apexes pointing toward the outlet end in one of the rings and at least one other ring;

an impeller positioned in the elongated cannula.

15. A method of collapsing an expandable pump, comprising:

providing a percutaneous blood pump comprising;

an expandable distal portion comprising a proximal end, a distal end, a duct extending between the proximal and distal ends, and one or more guidance aids;

an impeller disposed in the duct between the first and second ends; and

a sheath having a generally non-expanding distal portion;

providing relative motion between the distal portion of the sheath and the proximal end of expandable portion such that the distal portion of the retainer sheath applies a force having a radial component to a proximal end of the guidance aid to induce radial collapse of a distal region of the duct to facilitate collapse of the expandable portion into the sheath.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the guidance aid comprises a polymeric rib structure disposed axially along the duct.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the duct comprises a plurality of undulating circumferential rings and the guidance aid comprises an axial member coupled at a distal end with a portion of one of the circumferential rings and a proximal end disposed proximally of the distal end.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the proximal end of the axial member is coupled with an apex of a proximal circumferential ring and the distal end of the axial member is coupled with an apex of a distal circumferential ring.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein axial member comprises an undulating configuration.

20. The method of claim 15, wherein the percutaneous blood pump comprises a spacing device disposed adjacent to the impeller for maintaining a operating separation between the impeller and the duct, the method further comprising:

collapsing the spacing device by causing a radially inwardly directed constraining force to be applied to the spacing device.