PATIENT-SPECIFIC FEMORAL GUIDE

• US 20110160736A1
• Filed: 03/07/2011
• Published: 06/30/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 02/27/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Biomet Manufacturing, LLC (Zimmer Biomet Holdings, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Biomet Manufacturing, LLC (Zimmer Biomet Holdings, Inc.)
• Inventors: Siebeneck, Tony, Metzger, Robert, Meridew, Jason D.
• Granted Patent: US 10,278,711 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 606/89
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/15 Guides therefor arrangements for guiding straight saw blades in general B23D51/025
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/151 for corrective osteotomy
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/152 for removing a wedge-shaped piece of bone
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/1659 Surgical rasps, files, planes, or scrapers
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/1735 for rasps or chisels
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/175 for preparing the femur for hip prosthesis insertion
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/568 produced with shape and dimensions specific for an individual patient
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/105 Modelling of the patient, e.g. for ligaments or bones
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/108 Computer aided selection or customisation of medical implants or cutting guides
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/252 indicating steps of a surgical procedure
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/034 abutting on parts of the device itself
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/062 penetration depth
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 34/10 Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2002/4687 Mechanical guides for implantation instruments

Abstract

A medical device for preparing an elongated bone, such as a proximal femoral bone, for receiving an implant includes a patient-specific femoral guide and an elongated alignment element. The femoral guide has a patient-specific three-dimensional bone-engaging surface configured according to a preoperative plan based on a three-dimensional image model of the femoral bone to mate complementarily with the surface of the proximal femoral bone extending between the greater trochanter, the femoral neck and the femoral shaft of the proximal femur. The femoral guide includes a first guide end forming a planar guide configured for guiding a neck resection. The alignment member can be removably attached to the femoral guide and defines a reference axis for guiding a cutting tool into the femoral bone through a resected surface of the femoral neck.

Claims

1. A medical device for preparing an elongated bone for receiving an implant comprising:

a femoral guide having a patient-specific three-dimensional bone-engaging surface configured according to a preoperative plan based on a three-dimensional image model of a proximal femoral bone to mate complementarily with the surface of the proximal femoral bone extending between a greater trochanter, a femoral neck and a femoral shaft of the proximal femoral bone, the femoral guide including a first guide end forming a planar guide configured for guiding a neck resection; and

an elongated alignment member removably attachable to the femoral guide and defining a reference axis for guiding a cutting tool into the proximal femoral bone through a resected surface of the femoral neck.

2. The medical device of claim 1, further comprising a connector couplable to a driver tool for driving a cutting tool into the femoral bone after neck resection, the connector having an opening slidably receiving the alignment member for guiding a cutting tool.

3. The medical device of claim 2, wherein the alignment member includes a scale indicating a depth of the cutting tool into the femoral bone.

4. The medical device of claim 2, wherein the alignment member includes a stop for preventing further insertion of the cutting tool into the femoral bone.

5. The medical device of claim 4, in combination with the driver tool and the cutting tool.

6. The medical device of claim 2, wherein the connector is sized for determining a patient-specific distance between the reference axis and a longitudinal axis of the driver tool for guiding the cutting tool into a patient-specific position through femoral bone.

7. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the patient-specific three-dimensional bone-engaging surface of the femoral guide includes surfaces complementary to anterior, posterior, medial and lateral surfaces of the femoral bone for surrounding the femoral bone.

8. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the patient-specific three dimensional bone-engaging surface of the femoral guide includes a surface complementary to one of the anterior and posterior surface of the femoral bone.

9. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the femoral guide is formed as a two-piece clamshell including an anterior component and a posterior component.

10. The medical device of claim 9, wherein the clamshell defines a neck opening, a greater trochanter opening and a femoral shaft opening.

11. The medical device of claim 9, wherein the anterior and posterior components are movably coupled along a lateral or medial side.

12. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the femoral guide is formed as a single one-piece component engageable to one of the anterior and posterior surfaces of the proximal femoral bone and extending partly around the other of the anterior and posterior surfaces along medial and lateral sides of the femoral bone.

13. A medical device for preparing a proximal femoral bone for an implant comprising:

a femoral guide having a patient-specific three-dimensional bone-engaging surface configured to mate complementarily with the surface of the proximal femoral bone extending between the greater trochanter based on a three-dimensional image model of the femoral bone, the femoral neck and the femoral shaft of the proximal femur, the femoral guide including a first guide end forming a planar guide configured for guiding a neck resection;

a cutting tool for preparing the proximal femoral bone after the neck resection;

a driver tool for holding and driving the cutting tool into the femoral bone along a first axis;

an elongated alignment member attachable to the femoral guide and extending along a second axis; and

a connector slidably couplable to the alignment member and to the driver tool and having a patient-specific distance between the first and second axes for guiding the cutting tool into the femoral bone through a resected surface of the femoral neck at a position determined during a preoperative plan based on the three-dimensional image model of the femoral bone.

14. The medical device of claim 13, wherein the patient-specific three-dimensional bone-engaging surface of femoral guide includes surfaces complementary to anterior, posterior, medial and lateral surfaces of the femoral bone for surrounding the femoral bone.

15. The medical device of claim 13, wherein the patient-specific three dimensional bone-engaging surface of the femoral guide includes a surface complementary to one of the anterior and posterior surface of the femoral bone.

16. The medical device of claim 13, wherein the femoral guide is formed as a two-piece clamshell including an anterior component and a posterior component.

17. The medical device of claim 16, wherein the clamshell is hinged along a lateral or medial side.

18. The medical device of claim 13, wherein the femoral guide is formed as a single one-piece component engageable to one of the anterior and posterior surfaces of the proximal femoral bone and extending partly around the other of the anterior and posterior surfaces along medial and lateral sides of the femoral bone.

19. A method for preparing a proximal femoral bone for an implant comprising:

attaching a patient-specific femoral guide to the proximal femoral bone;

guiding a cutting instrument along a planar cutting guide of the femoral guide;

cutting a femoral neck of the proximal femoral bone along a patient-specific plane using the cutting guide;

coupling a cutting tool to a driver tool;

slidably connecting the driver tool to an alignment member extending from the patient-specific guide along a reference axis such that the cutting tool is automatically positioned at a preselected distance from the reference axis and at a preselected location relative to the resected femoral neck; and

preparing the proximal femoral bone for receiving an implant using the cutting tool.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising measuring the advance of the cutting tool with a scale on the alignment member.

21. The method of claim 19, further comprising:

indicating completion of cutting using a stop of the alignment member.

22. The method of claim 19, further comprising:

coupling a connector between the alignment member and the driver tool, the connector aligning the driver tool at the pre-selected distance from the reference axis.

23. The method of claim 19, further comprising:

attaching the alignment member to the femoral guide after cutting the femoral neck.

24. The method of claim 19, further comprising:

attaching a patient-specific engagement surface of femoral guide to a complementary surface of the proximal femoral bone.

25. The method of claim 19, wherein the complementary surface of the femoral bone includes portions of an anterior and a posterior surface of the proximal femoral bone.

26. The method of claim 19, wherein the complementary surface of the proximal femoral bone includes a portion of only an anterior surface of the proximal femoral bone.

27. The method of claim 19, further comprising:

surrounding the proximal femoral bone between the greater trochanter and the femoral neck with the patient-specific femoral guide.