VARIABLE CONTRAST, WIDE VIEWING ANGLE LCD LIGHT-SWITCHING FILTER
First Claim
1. High contrast, wide viewing angle LCD light switching filter comprising two electrically controlled LC-cells (LCD1, LCD2) angularly compensated by two birefringent layers (R1, R2), adjacent to the either side of the said LC-cells (LCD1, respectively LCD2) and positioned between two mutually crossed pairs of polarizing films (P1, A1 and P2, A2), each of the said LC-cells (LCD1, LCD2) having a thin liquid crystal molecular layer (da+db+e) of highly twisted liquid crystal enclosed between two boundary glass plates (1aa, 1ab), the said plates (1aa, 1ab) being on an inner side covered by transparent electrodes (1ba, 1bb) and alignment layers (1ca, 1cb), characterized inthat the alignment layers (1ca, 1cb) on the transparent electrodes (1ba, 1bb) covering the boundary glass plates (1aa, 1ab) of both LC-cells (LCD1, LCD2) are oriented in such a way that in an optically open state of the LCD light switching filter, when no driving electric voltage (V=0) is applied to the transparent electrodes (1ba, 1bb), the liquid crystal molecular layer (da+db+e) adopts a highly twisted molecular orientation with twist angles Φ
- between 120°
to 240° and
that the two birefringent layers (R1 respectively R2), adjacent to the said LC-cells (LCD1 respectively LCD2) are negative birefringent c-plates having a nominal negative birefringence with their optic axis oriented perpendicularly to the LCD light switching filter plane and exhibiting intrinsic positive in-plane birefringence aligned in-plane of the LCD light switching filter, said intrinsic positive birefringence being less than 10% of the nominal negative-birefringence, andthat the two crossed pairs of polarizing films (P1, A1 and P2, A2) are oriented with respect to LC molecular alignment surface directions (1ra, 1rb respectively 2ra, 2rb) of each of the LC cells (LCD1, LCD2) in such a way that the light transmission axes of a first (P1, A1) of said pairs of polarizing films are aligned within a small angle α
along symmetry axes (S11, S21) of the LC-molecular alignment surface directions (1ra, 1rb) in a first LC-cell (LCD1) and that the light transmission axes of a second (P2, A2) of said pairs of polarizing films are aligned within a small angle a along symmetry axes (S12, S22) of the LC-molecular alignment surface directions (2ra, 2rb) in a second LC-cell (LCD2), wherein said angle a is smaller than 15 degrees, allowing for the expansion of an overall viewing angle of the LCD light switching filter.
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Abstract
A new concept of the LCD light-switching optical filter allowing for very high, electrically controlled, continuously variable light attenuation (up to ≧100,000) optimized/symmetrized for the light incidence along the normal to the LCD plane is proposed. The new LCD light-switching optical filter also exhibits very low light attenuation dependence for the oblique incidence of light within a limited cone of angles off the normal incidence direction in compliance with the international safety and quality regulation EN 379 for personal protection equipment. According to the invention the problem is solved by specific, novel modification of the general principle of highly twisted nematic LCDs, allowing for the adaptation of the light transmission/driving voltage characteristics to specific requirements of the driving electronics as well as “symmetrizing” the overall optical birefringent properties, which in turn results in a high degree of their angular compensation.
58 Citations
14 Claims
-
1. High contrast, wide viewing angle LCD light switching filter comprising two electrically controlled LC-cells (LCD1, LCD2) angularly compensated by two birefringent layers (R1, R2), adjacent to the either side of the said LC-cells (LCD1, respectively LCD2) and positioned between two mutually crossed pairs of polarizing films (P1, A1 and P2, A2), each of the said LC-cells (LCD1, LCD2) having a thin liquid crystal molecular layer (da+db+e) of highly twisted liquid crystal enclosed between two boundary glass plates (1aa, 1ab), the said plates (1aa, 1ab) being on an inner side covered by transparent electrodes (1ba, 1bb) and alignment layers (1ca, 1cb), characterized in
that the alignment layers (1ca, 1cb) on the transparent electrodes (1ba, 1bb) covering the boundary glass plates (1aa, 1ab) of both LC-cells (LCD1, LCD2) are oriented in such a way that in an optically open state of the LCD light switching filter, when no driving electric voltage (V=0) is applied to the transparent electrodes (1ba, 1bb), the liquid crystal molecular layer (da+db+e) adopts a highly twisted molecular orientation with twist angles Φ - between 120°
to 240° andthat the two birefringent layers (R1 respectively R2), adjacent to the said LC-cells (LCD1 respectively LCD2) are negative birefringent c-plates having a nominal negative birefringence with their optic axis oriented perpendicularly to the LCD light switching filter plane and exhibiting intrinsic positive in-plane birefringence aligned in-plane of the LCD light switching filter, said intrinsic positive birefringence being less than 10% of the nominal negative-birefringence, and that the two crossed pairs of polarizing films (P1, A1 and P2, A2) are oriented with respect to LC molecular alignment surface directions (1ra, 1rb respectively 2ra, 2rb) of each of the LC cells (LCD1, LCD2) in such a way that the light transmission axes of a first (P1, A1) of said pairs of polarizing films are aligned within a small angle α
along symmetry axes (S11, S21) of the LC-molecular alignment surface directions (1ra, 1rb) in a first LC-cell (LCD1) and that the light transmission axes of a second (P2, A2) of said pairs of polarizing films are aligned within a small angle a along symmetry axes (S12, S22) of the LC-molecular alignment surface directions (2ra, 2rb) in a second LC-cell (LCD2), wherein said angle a is smaller than 15 degrees, allowing for the expansion of an overall viewing angle of the LCD light switching filter. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)
- between 120°
Specification