RF ISOLATION SWITCH CIRCUIT

• US 20120025927A1
• Filed: 09/16/2010
• Published: 02/02/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 07/28/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Inventors: Yan, Hongyan, Asuri, Bhushan Shanti, Khatri, Himanshu, Panikkath, Vinod V., Sankaranarayanan, Janakiram Ganesh
• Granted Patent: US 8,514,008 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 333/103
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/063 in field-effect transistor switches
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/161 in field-effect transistor switches
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/687 the devices being field-effect transistors
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 2017/066 Maximizing the OFF-resistance instead of minimizing the ON-resistance
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 2217/0018 Special modifications or use of the back gate voltage of a FET
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 2217/0054 Gating switches, e.g. pass gates

Abstract

In a first aspect, an RF switch includes a main transistor and a gate-to-source shorting circuit. When the RF switch is turned off, the gate-to-source shorting circuit is turned on to short the source and gate of the main transistor together, thereby preventing a Vgs from developing that would cause the main transistor to leak. When the RF switch is turned on, the gate-to-source shorting circuit is turned off to decouple the source from the gate. The gate is supplied with a digital logic high voltage to turn on the main transistor. In a second aspect, an RF switch includes a main transistor that has a bulk terminal. When the RF switch is turned off, the bulk is connected to ground through a high resistance. When the RF switch is turned on, the source and bulk are shorted together thereby reducing the threshold voltage of the main transistor.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising:

a main N-channel transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal, and a gate terminal;

a first turn-off N-channel transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal, and a gate terminal, wherein the second terminal of the first turn-off N-channel transistor is coupled to the gate terminal of the main N-channel transistor;

a second turn-off N-channel transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal, and a gate terminal, wherein the second terminal of the second turn-off N-channel transistor is coupled to the first terminal of the first turn-off N-channel transistor, and wherein the first terminal of the second turn-off N-channel transistor is coupled to the first terminal of the main N-channel transistor; and

a first control conductor, wherein the main transistor is turned off when a first digital control signal on the first control conductor has a first digital logic value, and wherein the main transistor is turned on when the first digital control signal on the first control conductor has a second digital logic value opposite the first digital logic value.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

a first resistor having a first lead coupled to the gate of the main N-channel transistor and having a second lead coupled to the first control conductor.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

a second control conductor, wherein a second digital control signal is present on the second control conductor, wherein the second digital control signal has the opposite digital logic value to the digital logic value of the first digital control signal on the first control conductor, wherein the second control conductor is coupled to the gate terminals of the first and second turn-off N-channel transistors.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising:

a second resistor having a first lead coupled to the first control conductor and having a second lead coupled to the first terminal of the first turn-off N-channel transistor.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, further comprising:

a third resistor having a first lead coupled to the second control conductor and having a second lead coupled to the second lead of the main N-channel transistor.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

a transformer winding that supplies a Radio Frequency (RF) signal onto the first terminal of the main N-channel transistor; and

a driver amplifier that receives the RF signal from the second terminal of the main N-channel transistor.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

a driver amplifier that supplies a Radio Frequency (RF) signal onto the first terminal of the main N-channel transistor; and

an integrated circuit terminal coupled to receive the RF signal from the second terminal of the main N-channel transistor.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

a first RF isolation switch circuit having a first terminal, a second terminal, and a control terminal, wherein the second terminal of the first RF isolation switch circuit is coupled to the first terminal of the main N-channel transistor;

a second RF isolation switch circuit having a first terminal, a second terminal, and a control terminal, wherein the second terminal of the second RF isolation switch circuit is coupled to the second terminal of the main N-channel transistor, wherein the control terminal of the second RF isolation switch circuit is coupled to the control terminal of the first RF isolation switch circuit; and

a N-channel transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal, and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal of the N-channel transistor is coupled to a ground conductor, and wherein the second terminal of the N-channel transistor is coupled to the first terminal of the first RF isolation switch circuit and to the first terminal of the second RF isolation switch circuit.

9. A method comprising:

controlling a main transistor of an RF isolation switch circuit to turn off by coupling a gate of the main transistor to a source of the main transistor through a gate-to-source shorting circuit, and by supplying a digital logic low voltage onto the gate of the main transistor, wherein the gate-to-source shorting circuit includes a first turn-off transistor having a second terminal coupled to the gate of the main transistor and having a first terminal coupled to an intermediate node, and wherein the gate-to-source shorting circuit further includes a second turn-off transistor having a second terminal coupled to the intermediate node and a first terminal coupled to the source of the main transistor, wherein the main transistor and the gate-to-source shorting circuit are parts of the RF isolation switch circuit; and

controlling the main transistor to turn on by turning off the first and second turn-off transistors of the gate-to-source shorting circuit and by supplying a digital logic high voltage onto the gate of the main transistor.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the digital logic low voltage is supplied onto the gate of the main transistor by supplying the digital logic low voltage onto a first lead of a resistor, wherein a second lead of the resistor is coupled to the gate of the main transistor, and wherein the digital logic high voltage is supplied onto the gate of the main transistor by supplying the digital logic high voltage onto the first lead of the resistor.

11. The method of claim 9, further comprising:

supplying a first digital logic level signal onto a first control input conductor, wherein if the first digital logic level signal is the digital logic high voltage then the main transistor is turned off and the digital logic high voltage is resistively coupled from the first control input conductor onto the gate of the main transistor, whereas if the first digital logic level signal is the digital logic low voltage then the main transistor is turned on and the digital logic low voltage is resistively coupled from the first control input conductor onto the gate of the main transistor.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

resistively coupling the first control input conductor to the intermediate node.

13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

supplying a second digital logic level signal onto a second control input conductor, wherein the second digital logic level signal has a digital logic value opposite the first digital logic level signal, and wherein the second control input conductor is coupled to a gate of the first turn-off transistor and to a gate of the second turn-off transistor.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:

resistively coupling the second control input conductor to a drain of the main transistor.

15. The method of claim 9, further comprising:

receiving an RF signal onto the source of the main transistor from a transformer winding, wherein the RF signal has a frequency of at least 500 MHz.

16. The method of claim 9, further comprising:

receiving an RF signal onto the source of the main transistor from a driver amplifier, wherein the RF signal has a frequency of at least 500 MHz.

17. An apparatus comprising:

a main N-channel transistor having a source terminal, a drain terminal, a bulk terminal, and a gate terminal;

a first switch transistor having a first terminal coupled to the bulk terminal of the main N-channel transistor, a second terminal coupled to the source terminal of the main transistor, and a gate terminal;

a second switch transistor having a first terminal coupled to the bulk terminal of the main N-channel transistor, a second terminal, and a gate terminal;

a ground conductor; and

a resistor having a first lead coupled to the second terminal of the second switch transistor and having a second lead coupled to the ground conductor.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein a first digital logic signal is present on the gate terminal of the main N-channel transistor and on the gate terminal of the first switch transistor, and wherein a second digital logic signal of opposite polarity to the first digital logic signal is present on the gate terminal of the second switch transistor.

19. The apparatus of claim 17, further comprising:

an inverter having an input lead and an output lead, wherein the input lead is coupled to the gate terminal of the main N-channel transistor and to the gate terminal of the first switch transistor, and wherein the output lead of the inverter is coupled to the gate terminal of the second switch transistor.

20. The apparatus of claim 17, further comprising:

a driver amplifier that supplies an RF signal onto the source terminal of the main N-channel transistor, wherein the RF signal has a frequency of at least 500 MHz.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the drain terminal of the main N-channel transistor is coupled to supply the RF signal onto an integrated circuit terminal.

22. A method comprising:

(a) controlling a main transistor of an RF isolation switch circuit to turn off by supplying a digital logic low voltage onto a gate terminal of the main transistor, by decoupling a bulk terminal of the main transistor from a source terminal of the main transistor, and by coupling the bulk terminal of the main transistor to a ground conductor through a resistor; and

(b) controlling the main transistor to turn on by supplying a digital logic high voltage onto the gate terminal, by coupling the bulk terminal to the source terminal, and by decoupling the bulk terminal from the ground conductor.

23. The method of claim 22, further comprising:

receiving an RF signal of at least 500 MHz onto the source terminal of the main transistor.

24. The method of claim 22, wherein a first switch transistor of the RF isolation switch circuit has a first terminal coupled to the bulk terminal of the main transistor, and has a second terminal coupled to the source terminal of the main transistor, wherein the bulk terminal of the main transistor is decoupled from the source terminal of the main transistor in (a) by turning off the first switch transistor, and wherein the bulk terminal of the main transistor is coupled to the source terminal of the main transistor in (b) by turning on the first switch transistor.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein a second switch transistor of the RF isolation switch circuit has a first terminal coupled to the bulk terminal of the main transistor, and has a second terminal that is resistively coupled through the resistor to the ground conductor, wherein the bulk terminal is coupled to the ground conductor through the resistor in (a) by turning on the second switch transistor, and wherein the bulk terminal is decoupled from the ground conductor in (b) by turning off the second switch transistor.

26. An apparatus comprising:

a main N-channel transistor having a source terminal, a drain terminal, a bulk terminal, and a gate terminal;

a first turn-off N-channel transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal, and a gate terminal, wherein the second terminal of the first turn-off N-channel transistor is coupled to the gate terminal of the main N-channel transistor;

a second turn-off N-channel transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal, and a gate terminal, wherein the second terminal of the second turn-off N-channel transistor is coupled to the first terminal of the first turn-off N-channel transistor, and wherein the first terminal of the second turn-off N-channel transistor is coupled to the source terminal of the main N-channel transistor;

a first switch transistor having a first terminal coupled to the bulk terminal of the main N-channel transistor, a second terminal coupled to the source terminal of the main transistor, and a gate terminal;

a second switch transistor having a first terminal coupled to the bulk terminal of the main N-channel transistor, a second terminal, and a gate terminal;

a ground conductor;

a resistor having a first lead coupled to the second terminal of the second switch transistor and having a second lead coupled to the ground conductor; and

a first control conductor, wherein the main transistor is turned off when a first digital control signal on the first control conductor has a first digital logic value, and wherein the main transistor is turned on when the first digital control signal on the first control conductor has a second digital logic value opposite the first digital logic value.

27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the first control conductor is coupled to the gate terminal of the main N-channel transistor via a resistor.

28. The apparatus of claim 26, further comprising:

a second control conductor, wherein a second digital control signal opposite the first digital control signal is present on the second control conductor, wherein the second control conductor is coupled to the gate terminal of the first turn-off N-channel transistor, to the gate terminal of the second turn-off N-channel transistor, and to the gate terminal of the second switch transistor.

29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the gate of the first switch transistor is coupled to the first control conductor.

30. A method comprising:

(a) controlling a main transistor of an RF isolation switch circuit to turn off by supplying a digital logic low voltage onto a gate terminal of the main transistor, by decoupling a bulk terminal of the main transistor from a source terminal of the main transistor, by coupling the gate terminal of the main transistor to the source terminal of the main transistor, and by coupling the bulk terminal of the main transistor to a ground conductor through a resistor; and

(b) controlling the main transistor to turn on by supplying a digital logic high voltage onto the gate terminal, by coupling the bulk terminal to the source terminal, by decoupling the gate of the main transistor from the source of the main transistor, and by decoupling the bulk terminal from the ground conductor.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein the gate of the main transistor is coupled to the source of the main transistor in (a) by controlling two transistors of a gate-to-source shorting circuit to be on, wherein a first of the two transistors has a second terminal coupled to the gate terminal of the main transistor, wherein a second of the two transistors has a second terminal coupled to a first terminal of the first of the two transistors, wherein the second of the two transistors has a first terminal coupled to the source terminal of the main transistor, and wherein the gate of the main transistor is decoupled from the source of the main transistor in (b) by controlling the two transistors of the gate-to-source shorting circuit to be off.

32. An apparatus comprising:

an input signal conductor;

means for switching having a first electrode, a second electrode, and a control electrode, wherein an RF input signal having a frequency of at least 500 MHz is present on the first electrode; and

means for shorting the first electrode to the control electrode when a control signal on the input signal conductor has a first digital logic level and for controlling the means for switching such that the means for switching is off when the control signal has the first digital logic level, wherein the means for shorting is also for decoupling the first electrode from the control electrode when the control signal has a second digital logic level opposite the first digital logic level and for controlling the means for switching to be off when the control signal has the second digital logic level.

33. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the means for shorting is also for coupling a bulk electrode of the means for switching to ground through a resistance when the control signal has the first digital logic level, and wherein the means for shorting is also for coupling the bulk electrode to the first electrode when the control signal has the second digital logic level.

34. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the means for switching is a transistor, wherein the first electrode is a source terminal, wherein the second electrode is a drain terminal, and wherein the control electrode is a gate terminal.

35. A method of manufacture comprising the steps of:

fabricating a main N-channel transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal, and a gate terminal;

fabricating a first turn-off N-channel transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal, and a gate terminal, wherein the second terminal of the first turn-off N-channel transistor is coupled to the gate terminal of the main N-channel transistor;

fabricating a second turn-off N-channel transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal, and a gate terminal, wherein the second terminal of the second turn-off N-channel transistor is coupled to the first terminal of the first turn-off N-channel transistor, and wherein the first terminal of the second turn-off N-channel transistor is coupled to the first terminal of the main N-channel transistor; and

fabricating a control conductor that is coupled to the main transistor such that the main transistor is turned off when a digital control signal on the control conductor has a first digital logic value and such that the main transistor is turned on when the first digital control signal on the first control conductor has a second digital logic value opposite the first digital logic value, wherein the main N-channel transistor, the first turn-off N-channel transistor, the second turn-off N-channel transistor, and the first control conductor are parts of an RF switch.

36. The method of manufacture of claim 35, further comprising:

fabricating a balun having a primary winding and a plurality of secondary windings such that one of the secondary windings is coupled to the RF switch.

37. The method of manufacture of claim 36, further comprising:

fabricating a driver amplifier such that an input lead of the driver amplifier is coupled to the RF switch.