Printable Composition of a Liquid or Gel Suspension of Two-Terminal Integrated Circuits and Apparatus

• US 20120161338A1
• Filed: 08/31/2011
• Published: 06/28/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 05/31/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: NthDegree Technologies Worldwide Inc.
• Original Assignee: NthDegree Technologies Worldwide Inc.
• Inventors: Lowenthal, Mark David, Ray, William Johnstone, Shotton, Neil O., Blanchard, Richard A., Oraw, Brad, Lewandowski, Mark Allan, Baldridge, Jeffrey, Perozziello, Eric Anthony
• Granted Patent: US 8,846,457 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 257/788
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/24137 the bodies being arranged next to each other, e.g. on a common substrate
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/24226 the HDI interconnect connecting to the same level of the item at which the semiconductor or solid-state body is mounted, e.g. the item being planar
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/32225 the item being non-metallic, e.g. insulating substrate with or without metallisation
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/73267 Layer and HDI connectors
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/95101 in a liquid medium
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 24/24 of an individual high density interconnect connector
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 24/95 at chip-level, i.e. with connecting carried out on a plurality of singulated devices, i.e. on diced chips
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/00 Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/00014 the subject-matter covered by the group, the symbol of which is combined with the symbol of this group, being disclosed without further technical details
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/09701 Low temperature co-fired ceramic [LTCC]
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/12041 LED
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/13033 TRIAC - Triode for Alternating Current - A bidirectional switching device containing two thyristor structures with common gate contact
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/13034 Silicon Controlled Rectifier [SCR]
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/1305 Bipolar Junction Transistor [BJT]
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/1306 Field-effect transistor [FET]
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/13062 Junction field-effect transistor [JFET]
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/13091 Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor [MOSFET]
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/14 Integrated circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H10K 50/80 Constructional details
• CPC Class Codes: H10K 50/805 Electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H10K 59/17 : Passive-matrix OLED displays
• CPC Class Codes: H10K 59/90 : Assemblies of multiple devices comprising at least one organic light-emitting element
• CPC Class Codes: H10K 71/00 : Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass

Abstract

An exemplary printable composition of a liquid or gel suspension of two-terminal integrated circuits comprises: a plurality of two-terminal integrated circuits, each two-terminal integrated circuit of the plurality of two-terminal integrated circuits less than about 75 microns in any dimension; a first solvent; a second solvent different from the first solvent; and a viscosity modifier; wherein the composition has a viscosity substantially about 50 cps to about 25,000 cps at about 25° C.

Claims

1. A composition comprising:

a plurality of two-terminal integrated circuits, each two-terminal integrated circuit of the plurality of two-terminal integrated circuits less than about 75 microns in any dimension;

a first solvent;

a second solvent different from the first solvent; and

a viscosity modifier;

wherein the composition has a viscosity substantially about 50 cps to about 25,000 cps at about 25°

C.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the plurality of two-terminal integrated circuits comprise a two-terminal integrated circuit selected from the group consisting of:

diodes, light emitting diodes, photovoltaic diodes, resistors, inductors, capacitors, RFID integrated circuits, sensor integrated circuits, and piezo-electric integrated circuits.

3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first solvent comprises at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of:

water;

alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, N-propanol (including 1-propanol, 2-propanol (isopropanol), 1-methoxy-2-propanol), butanol (including 1-butanol, 2-butanol (isobutanol), pentanol (including 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol), octanol, N-octanol (including 1-octanol, 2-octanol, 3-octanol), tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, cyclohexanol, terpineol;

ethers such as methyl ethyl ether, diethyl ether, ethyl propyl ether, and polyethers;

esters such ethyl acetate, dimethyl adipate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl succinate, glycerin acetate;

glycols such as ethylene glycols, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, propylene glycols, dipropylene glycols, glycol ethers, glycol ether acetates;

carbonates such as propylene carbonate;

glycerols such as glycerin;

acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethyl formamide (DMF), N-methyl formamide (NMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); and

mixtures thereof.

4. The composition of claim 1, wherein each two-terminal integrated circuit of the plurality of two-terminal integrated circuits has a lateral dimension between about 10 to 75 microns and a height between about 5 to 25 microns.

5. The composition of claim 1, further comprising:

a plurality of substantially optically transparent and chemically inert particles having a range of sizes between about 10 to about 100 microns and present in an amount of about 0.1% to 2.5% by weight.

6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first solvent is present in an amount of about 0.3% to 60% by weight and the second solvent is present in an amount of about 0.3% to 60% by weight.

7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the viscosity modifier comprises a methoxy propyl methylcellulose resin or a hydroxy propyl methylcellulose resin or a mixture thereof, and wherein the viscosity modifier is present in an amount of about 0.10% to 5% by weight.

8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the viscosity modifier comprises at least one viscosity modifier selected from the group consisting of:

clays such as hectorite clays, garamite clays, organo-modified clays;

saccharides and polysaccharides such as guar gum, xanthan gum;

celluloses and modified celluloses such as hydroxy methylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethyl cellulose, propyl methylcellulose, methoxy cellulose, methoxy methylcellulose, methoxy propyl methylcellulose, hydroxy propyl methylcellulose, carboxy methylcellulose, hydroxy ethylcellulose, ethyl hydroxyl ethylcellulose, cellulose ether, cellulose ethyl ether, chitosan;

polymers such as acrylate and (meth)acrylate polymers and copolymers;

glycols such as ethylene glycols, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, propylene glycols, dipropylene glycols, glycol ethers, glycol ether acetates;

fumed silica, silica powders;

modified ureas; and

mixtures thereof.

9. The composition of claim 1, wherein the second solvent is at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of:

water;

alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, N-propanol (including 1-propanol, 2-propanol (isopropanol), 1-methoxy-2-propanol), butanol (including 1-butanol, 2-butanol (isobutanol), pentanol (including 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol), octanol, N-octanol (including 1-octanol, 2-octanol, 3-octanol), tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, cyclohexanol, terpineol;

ethers such as methyl ethyl ether, diethyl ether, ethyl propyl ether, and polyethers;

esters such ethyl acetate, dimethyl adipate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl succinate, glycerin acetate;

glycols such as ethylene glycols, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, propylene glycols, dipropylene glycols, glycol ethers, glycol ether acetates;

carbonates such as propylene carbonate;

glycerols such as glycerin;

acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethyl formamide (DMF), N-methyl formamide (NMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); and

mixtures thereof.

10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first solvent comprises N-propanol, isopropanol, dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-octanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, or cyclohexanol, or mixtures thereof, and present in an amount of about 5% to 60% by weight;

wherein the viscosity modifier comprises methoxy propyl methylcellulose resin or hydroxy propyl methylcellulose resin or mixtures thereof, and present in an amount of about 0.10% to 5.0% by weight;

wherein the second solvent comprises N-propanol, isopropanol, dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-octanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, or cyclohexanol, or mixtures thereof, and present in an amount of about 0.3% to 60% by weight.

11. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition has a viscosity substantially between about 100 cps and about 25,000 cps at about 25°

C.

12. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition has a viscosity substantially between about 1,000 cps and about 10,000 cps at about 25°

C.

13. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition has a viscosity substantially between about 10,000 cps and about 25,000 cps at about 25°

C.

14. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition has a contact angle greater than about 25 degrees or greater than about 40 degrees.

15. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition has a relative evaporation rate less than one, wherein the evaporation rate is relative to butyl acetate having a rate of one.

16. A method of using the composition of claim 1, the method comprising:

printing the composition over a base or over a first conductor coupled to the base.

17. The composition claim 1, wherein the concentration of the plurality of two-terminal integrated circuits provides a mean density of the plurality of two-terminal integrated circuits from about 25 two-terminal integrated circuits to 50,000 two-terminal integrated circuits per square centimeter when printed on a flat surface.

18. The composition of claim 1, wherein the lateral sides of each two-terminal integrated circuit of the plurality of two-terminal integrated circuits are less than about 25 microns in height, are substantially sigmoidal and terminate in a curved point.

19. An apparatus comprising:

a base;

a plurality of two-terminal integrated circuits, each two-terminal integrated circuit of the plurality of two-terminal integrated circuits less than about 75 microns in any dimension;

at least a trace amount of a first solvent;

a film substantially surrounding each diode of the plurality of diodes, the film comprising a methylcellulose resin and having a thickness between about 10 nm to 300 nm;

one or more first conductors coupled to the plurality of two-terminal integrated circuits;

a first dielectric layer coupled to the one or more first conductors; and

one or more second conductors coupled to the plurality of two-terminal integrated circuits.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the plurality of two-terminal integrated circuits comprise a two-terminal integrated circuit selected from the group consisting of:

diodes, light emitting diodes, photovoltaic diodes, resistors, inductors, capacitors, RFID integrated circuits, sensor integrated circuits, and piezo-electric integrated circuits.

21. The apparatus of claim 19, further comprising:

a plurality of substantially chemically inert particles, each particle of the plurality of substantially chemically inert particles between about 10 to about 100 microns;

wherein the film further at least partially surrounds each particle of the plurality of substantially chemically inert particles.

22. A composition comprising:

a plurality of two-terminal integrated circuits, each two-terminal integrated circuit of the plurality of two-terminal integrated circuits less than about 75 microns in any dimension;

a first solvent;

a second solvent different from the first solvent;

a plurality of substantially chemically inert particles having a range of sizes between about 10 to about 100 microns and present in an amount of about 0.1% to 2.5% by weight; and

a viscosity modifier;

wherein the composition has a viscosity substantially about 50 cps to about 25,000 cps at about 25°

C.

23. The composition of claim 22, wherein the plurality of two-terminal integrated circuits comprise a two-terminal integrated circuit selected from the group consisting of:

diodes, light emitting diodes, photovoltaic diodes, resistors, inductors, capacitors, RFID integrated circuits, sensor integrated circuits, and piezo-electric integrated circuits.

24. The composition of claim 22, wherein the first solvent comprises at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of:

water;

alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, N-propanol (including 1-propanol, 2-propanol (isopropanol), 1-methoxy-2-propanol), butanol (including 1-butanol, 2-butanol (isobutanol), pentanol (including 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol), octanol, N-octanol (including 1-octanol, 2-octanol, 3-octanol), tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, cyclohexanol, terpineol;

ethers such as methyl ethyl ether, diethyl ether, ethyl propyl ether, and polyethers;

esters such ethyl acetate, dimethyl adipate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl succinate, glycerin acetate;

glycols such as ethylene glycols, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, propylene glycols, dipropylene glycols, glycol ethers, glycol ether acetates;

carbonates such as propylene carbonate;

glycerols such as glycerin;

acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethyl formamide (DMF), N-methyl formamide (NMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); and

mixtures thereof.

25. The composition of claim 22, wherein each two-terminal integrated circuit of the plurality of two-terminal integrated circuits has a lateral dimension between about 10 to 75 microns and a height between about 5 to 25 microns.

26. The composition of claim 22, wherein the first solvent is present in an amount of about 0.3% to 60% by weight and the second solvent is present in an amount of about 0.3% to 60% by weight.

27. The composition of claim 22, wherein the viscosity modifier comprises a methoxy propyl methylcellulose resin or a hydroxy propyl methylcellulose resin or a mixture thereof, and wherein the viscosity modifier is present in an amount of about 0.10% to 5% by weight.

28. The composition of claim 22, wherein the viscosity modifier comprises at least one viscosity modifier selected from the group consisting of:

clays such as hectorite clays, garamite clays, organo-modified clays;

saccharides and polysaccharides such as guar gum, xanthan gum;

celluloses and modified celluloses such as hydroxy methylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethyl cellulose, propyl methylcellulose, methoxy cellulose, methoxy methylcellulose, methoxy propyl methylcellulose, hydroxy propyl methylcellulose, carboxy methylcellulose, hydroxy ethylcellulose, ethyl hydroxyl ethylcellulose, cellulose ether, cellulose ethyl ether, chitosan;

polymers such as acrylate and (meth)acrylate polymers and copolymers;

glycols such as ethylene glycols, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, propylene glycols, dipropylene glycols, glycol ethers, glycol ether acetates;

fumed silica, silica powders;

modified ureas; and

mixtures thereof.

29. The composition of claim 22, wherein the second solvent is at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of:

water;

alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, N-propanol (including 1-propanol, 2-propanol (isopropanol), 1-methoxy-2-propanol), butanol (including 1-butanol, 2-butanol (isobutanol), pentanol (including 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol), octanol, N-octanol (including 1-octanol, 2-octanol, 3-octanol), tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, cyclohexanol, terpineol;

ethers such as methyl ethyl ether, diethyl ether, ethyl propyl ether, and polyethers;

esters such ethyl acetate, dimethyl adipate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl succinate, glycerin acetate;

glycols such as ethylene glycols, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, propylene glycols, dipropylene glycols, glycol ethers, glycol ether acetates;

carbonates such as propylene carbonate;

glycerols such as glycerin;

acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethyl formamide (DMF), N-methyl formamide (NMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); and

mixtures thereof.

30. The composition of claim 22, wherein the first solvent comprises N-propanol, isopropanol, dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-octanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, or cyclohexanol, or mixtures thereof, and present in an amount of about 5% to 60% by weight;

wherein the viscosity modifier comprises methoxy propyl methylcellulose resin or hydroxy propyl methylcellulose resin or mixtures thereof, and present in an amount of about 0.10% to 5.0% by weight;

wherein the second solvent comprises N-propanol, isopropanol, dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-octanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, or cyclohexanol, or mixtures thereof, and present in an amount of about 0.3% to 60% by weight.

31. The composition of claim 22, wherein the composition has a viscosity substantially between about 100 cps and about 25,000 cps at about 25°

C.

32. The composition of claim 22, wherein the composition has a viscosity substantially between about 1,000 cps and about 10,000 cps at about 25°

C.

33. The composition of claim 22, wherein the composition has a viscosity substantially between about 10,000 cps and about 25,000 cps at about 25°

C.

34. The composition claim 22, wherein the concentration of the plurality of two-terminal integrated circuits provides a mean density of the plurality of two-terminal integrated circuits from about 25 two-terminal integrated circuits to 50,000 two-terminal integrated circuits per square centimeter when printed on a flat surface.

35. The composition of claim 22, wherein the lateral sides of each two-terminal integrated circuit of the plurality of two-terminal integrated circuits are less than about 25 microns in height, are substantially sigmoidal and terminate in a curved point.