Tissue Ablation and Cautery with Optical Energy Carried in Fluid Stream

• US 20150045777A1
• Filed: 07/21/2014
• Published: 02/12/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 03/06/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: AquaBeam, LLC
• Original Assignee: AquaBeam, LLC
• Inventors: ALJURI, Nikolai, PERKINS, Rodney C.
• Granted Patent: US 10,342,615 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 606/10
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/32037 for removing obstructions from inner organs or blood vessels, e.g. for atherectomy
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 18/20 using laser
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 18/24 with a catheter A61B18/26, A61B18/28 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/00274 Prostate operation, e.g. prostatectomy, turp, bhp treatment
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/00029 open
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/00547 Prostate
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/00565 Bone
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/00577 Ablation
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/00601 Cutting
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/2005 with beam delivery through an interstitially insertable device, e.g. needle
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/206 the laser light passing along a liquid-filled conduit
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2218/002 Irrigation
• CPC Class Codes: A61C 1/0046 Dental lasers surgical lasers A61B18/20; working by laser beam in general B23K26/00; lasers per se H01S3/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61C 17/0202 Hand-pieces

Abstract

Methods and systems for modifying tissue use a pressurized fluid stream carrying coherent light energy. The methods and systems may be used for resecting and debulking soft and hard biological tissues. The coherent light is focused within a stream of fluid to deliver energy to the tissue to be treated.

Claims

1. A method for modifying tissue, said method comprising:

generating a stream of a light transmissive liquid medium;

coupling a source of coherent light into the light transmissive medium so that said light is transmitted through said stream by total internal reflection; and

directing the stream to tissue.

2. A method as in claim 1, wherein the liquid stream is generated by passing the liquid medium under pressure through a nozzle with a diameter in the range from 0.01 mm to 1 mm.

3. A method as in claim 2, wherein the pressure is in the range from 1 psi to 1000 psi.

4. A method as in claim 3, wherein the coherent light has a power level in the range from 10 mW to 40 W.

5. A method as in claim 1, wherein the tissue is luminar tissue and the stream is directed radially outward from the lumen.

6. A method as in claim 5, further comprising positioning a probe within the lumen, directing a pressurized stream of the light transmissive liquid medium radially outwardly from the probe, and focusing the coherent light within the stream of liquid medium as the stream is directed at the tissue.

7. A method as in claim 6, wherein the nozzle has a diameter in the range from 0.01 to 1 mm, the pressure is in the range from 1 psi to 1000 psi, and the coherent light has a power from 10 mW to 40 W.

8. A method as in claim 1, wherein the tissue is soft tissue and the stream is directed at a line to cut the tissue.

9. A method as in claim 8, wherein the nozzle has a diameter in the range from 0.01 to 1 mm, the pressure is in the range from 1 psi to 1000 psi, and the coherent light has a power from 10 mW to 40 W.

10. A method as in claim 1, wherein the tissue comprises a tooth or bone and the stream is directed to drill into the tooth or cut through bone and cartilage.

11. A method as in claim 10, wherein the nozzle has an area in the range from 0.01 to 1 mm, the pressure is in the range from 1 psi to 1000 psi, and the coherent light has a power from 10 mW to 40 W.

12. A system for delivering laser energy to tissue, said system comprising:

a probe;

a nozzle for emitting a stream of a light transmissive fluid;

a waveguide for transmitting coherent light; and

wherein the waveguide and nozzle are arranged so that coherent light from the waveguide is focused in and transmitted through the stream of light transmissive fluid by total internal reflection.

13. A system as in claim 12, further comprising a pump for delivering the light transmissive fluid to the nozzle at a pressure from 1 psi to 1000 psi.

14. A system as in claim 13, wherein the nozzle has a diameter in the range from 0.01 mm to 1 mm.

15. A system as in claim 12, further comprising a laser source for delivering coherent light to the waveguide at a power level in the range from 10 mW to 40 W.

16. A system as in claim 12, wherein the probe is adapted to be advanced through the luminal surfaces or lumens.

17. A system as in claim 13, wherein the probe has at least one central axial passage for delivering the light transmissive fluid to the nozzle.

18. A system as in claim 14, wherein the probe comprises an outer tube having an axial lumen and an inner fluid delivery tube reciprocably mounted in the axial lumen, wherein the central axial passage is disposed in the inner fluid delivery tube and the waveguide is disposed in the central axial passage.

19. A system as in claim 15, wherein the nozzle is disposed to emit the stream of light transmissive fluid laterally through a window in the outer tube.

20. A system as in claim 16, wherein the nozzle emits the stream of light transmissive fluid at a pressure in the range from 1 psi to 1000 psi and at a stream diameter from 0.01 mm to 1 mm and wherein the coherent light is transmitted at a power level in the range from 10 mW to 40 W.

21. A system as in claim 12, wherein the probe is hand held and adapted to deliver energy to cut soft tissue.

22. A system as in claim 21, wherein the probe comprises a shaft having an axis.

23. A system as in claim 22, wherein the nozzle is oriented to deliver the stream in an axial direction relative to the shaft.

24. A system as in claim 22, wherein the nozzle is oriented to deliver the stream in a lateral direction relative to the shaft.

25. A system as in claim 21, wherein the nozzle emits the stream of light transmissive fluid at a pressure in the range from 1 psi to 1000 psi and at a stream diameter from 0.01 mm to 1 mm and wherein the coherent light is transmitted at a power level in the range from 10 mW to 40 W.

26. A system as in claim 12, wherein the probe is hand held and adapted to deliver energy to drill teeth or cut through bone and cartilage.

27. A system as in claim 26, wherein the probe comprises a shaft having an axis.

28. A system as in claim 27, wherein the nozzle is oriented to deliver the stream in a lateral direction relative to the shaft.

29. A system as in claim 26, wherein the nozzle emits the stream of light transmissive fluid at a pressure in the range from 1 psi to 1000 psi and at a stream diameter from 0.01 mm to 1 mm and wherein the coherent light is transmitted at a power level in the range from 10 mW to 40 W.

30. A system as in claim 12, further comprising an anchor frame disposed coaxially over the probe and having a distal end adapted to engage a tissue surface when the probe is introduced into a body lumen.