ILLUMINATION DEVICE IN WHICH SOURCE LIGHT INJECTION IS NON-PARALLEL TO DEVICE`S OPTICAL AXIS

• US 20150168626A1
• Filed: 07/18/2014
• Published: 06/18/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 07/18/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Quarkstar LLC
• Original Assignee: Quarkstar LLC
• Inventors: Schinagl, Ferdinand
• Granted Patent: US 9,459,398 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: F21S 8/04 intended only for mounting on a ceiling or the like overhead structures F21S8/02 takes precedence; details of ceiling bases F21V21/03
• CPC Class Codes: F21V 7/0016 on lighting devices that also provide for direct lighting, e.g. by means of independent light sources, by splitting of the light beam, by switching between both lighting modes
• CPC Class Codes: F21V 7/0091 using total internal reflection
• CPC Class Codes: F21Y 2101/00 Point-like light sources
• CPC Class Codes: F21Y 2103/10 comprising a linear array of point-like light-generating elements
• CPC Class Codes: F21Y 2115/10 Light-emitting diodes [LED]
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/0006 Coupling light into the fibre in general G02B6/4298
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/0008 the light being emitted at the end of the fibre
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/002 by shaping at least a portion of the light guide, e.g. with collimating, focussing or diverging surfaces
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/0023 provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/0031 Reflecting element, sheet or layer
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/0035 provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/0036 2-D arrangement of prisms, protrusions, indentations or roughened surfaces
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/0045 by shaping at least a portion of the light guide
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/0051 Diffusing sheet or layer
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/0055 Reflecting element, sheet or layer
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/0068 Arrangements of plural sources, e.g. multi-colour light sources
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/0073 Light emitting diode [LED]
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/0076 Stacked arrangements of multiple light guides of the same or different cross-sectional area
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/0085 Means for removing heat created by the light source from the package heat extraction or cooling elements for semiconductor light sources in general H01L33/64

Abstract

An illumination device includes a light source configured to emit, during operation, light with a prevalent direction of propagation different from a direction of an optical axis of the illumination device; and an optical coupler including a transparent material, the optical coupler having an input aperture, an exit aperture and a first side surface and a second side surface arranged between the input aperture and the exit aperture, the exit aperture being centered on the optical axis of the illumination device. The optical coupler receives the emitted light through the input aperture from the light source. Further, the first side surface and the second side surface redirect the received light via total internal reflection (TIR) to the exit aperture. Additionally, the redirected light is issued through the exit aperture.

Claims

1. (canceled)

18. An illumination device comprising:

a light source configured to emit, during operation, light in an emission angular range, wherein a prevalent direction of propagation of the emitted light in the emission angular range is different from a direction of an optical axis of the illumination device; and

an optical coupler comprising a transparent material, the optical coupler having an input aperture, an exit aperture and a first side surface and a second side surface arranged between the input aperture and the exit aperture, the exit aperture being centered on the optical axis of the illumination device, wherein

the optical coupler receives, through the input aperture from the light source, the light emitted in the emission angular range,

the first side surface and the second side surface redirect the received light via total internal reflection (TIR) to the exit aperture, and

the redirected light is issued through the exit aperture in a redirected angular range,

a light guide comprising a receiving end and an opposing end that are disposed along the optical axis of the illumination device, wherein

the receiving end is arranged to receive the light issued by the optical coupler, and

the light guide is configured to guide the light received at the receiving end in a forward direction toward the opposing end of the light guide; and

an optical extractor located at the opposing end of the light guide and configured to output the guided light into an ambient environment as output light in backward directions.

2. The illumination device of claim 18, wherein a prevalent direction of propagation of the redirected light in the redirected angular range is along the optical axis of the illumination device.

3. The illumination device of claim 18, wherein

the prevalent direction of propagation of the emitted light in the emission angular range is tilted relative to the optical axis of the illumination device by a tilt angle less than a critical TIR angle, and

the second side surface comprises a curved portion and a flat portion, the flat portion being oriented along the optical axis of the illumination device.

4. The illumination device of claim 3, wherein the flat portion of the second side surface is adjacent the exit aperture.

5. The illumination device of claim 4, wherein

the first side surface is a first logarithmic spiral which depends on the tilt angle and the critical TIR angle,

the curved portion of the second side surface is a second logarithmic spiral which depends on the tilt angle, the critical TIR angle and a dimension of the light source, and

the second side surface is continuous at an intersection of the curved portion with the flat portion.

6. The illumination device of claim 5, wherein

the first logarithmic spiral is computed in accordance with Equation (1), and

the second logarithmic spiral is computed in accordance with Equation (2).

7. The illumination device of claim 5, wherein a point of the exit aperture that is on the first side surface has the same coordinate along the optical axis of the illumination device as another point of the exit aperture that is on the flat portion of the second side surface.

8. The illumination device of claim 18, wherein

the prevalent direction of propagation of the emitted light in the emission angular range is tilted relative the optical axis of the illumination device by a tilt angle equal to or larger than a critical TIR angle, and

the second side surface is flat and oriented along the optical axis of the illumination device.

9. The illumination device of claim 8, wherein the first side surface is a logarithmic spiral which depends on the tilt angle and the critical TIR angle.

10. The illumination device of claim 9, wherein the logarithmic spiral is computed in accordance with Equation (1).

11. The illumination device of claim 8, wherein a point of the exit aperture that is on the first side surface has the same coordinate along the optical axis of the illumination device as another point of the exit aperture that is on the flat side surface.

12. The illumination device of claim 18, wherein each of the first side surface and the second side surface has translational symmetry along an axis orthogonal to the optical axis of the illumination device and the prevalent direction of propagation of the emitted light in the emission angular range.

13. The illumination device of claim 18, wherein the redirected angular range has a smaller divergence than the emission angular range.

14. The illumination device of claim 18, wherein the light source comprises an LED die.

15. The illumination device of claim 18, wherein the light source emits white light.

16. The illumination device of claim 18, wherein the light source and the input aperture of the optical coupler are immersion coupled.

17. The illumination device of claim 16, wherein the light source comprises a phosphor layer and the phosphor layer is immersion coupled with the input aperture of the optical coupler.

19. The illumination device of claim 18, wherein a numerical aperture of the light guide is such that the light received from the optical coupler in the redirected angular range can be guided by the light guide via TIR.

20. The illumination device of claim 18, wherein the optical extractor has at least one redirecting surface, the at least one redirecting surface of the optical extractor being arranged and shaped to reflect at least a portion of the guided light in a direction that has a component orthogonal to the forward direction.

21. The illumination device of claim 18, wherein the optical extractor has a first redirecting surface arranged and shaped to reflect at least a portion of the guided light in a first direction that has a component orthogonal to the forward direction, and a second redirecting surface arranged and shaped to reflect at least a portion of the guided light in a second direction that has a component orthogonal to the forward direction and antiparallel to the orthogonal component of the first direction.

22. An illumination device comprising:

a light source configured to emit, during operation, light in an emission angular range, wherein a prevalent direction of propagation of the emitted light in the emission angular range is different from a direction of an optical axis of the illumination device; and

an optical coupler comprising a transparent material, the optical coupler having an input aperture, an exit aperture and a first side surface and a second side surface arranged between the input aperture and the exit aperture, the exit aperture being centered on the optical axis of the illumination device, wherein

the optical coupler receives, through the input aperture from the light source, the light emitted in the emission angular range,

the first side surface and the second side surface redirect the received light via total internal reflection (TIR) to the exit aperture, and

the redirected light is issued through the exit aperture in a redirected angular range,

an optical extractor disposed on the optical axis of the illumination device and spaced apart from the exit aperture of the optical coupler by a separation distance, wherein

a combination of (i) the separation distance and (ii) a numerical aperture of the optical extractor is such that all the light issued by the optical coupler impinges on the optical extractor, and

the optical extractor is configured to output into an ambient environment the light that impinges thereon as output light in backward directions opposing a prevalent direction of propagation of the light issued by the optical coupler.

23. The illumination device of claim 22, wherein the optical extractor has at least one redirecting surface, the at least one redirecting surface of the optical extractor being arranged and shaped to reflect at least a portion of the light that impinges thereon in a backward direction that has a component orthogonal to the prevalent direction of propagation of the light issued by the optical coupler.

24. The illumination device of claim 22, wherein the optical extractor has a first redirecting surface arranged and shaped to reflect at least a portion of the light that impinges thereon in a first direction that has a component orthogonal to the prevalent direction of propagation of the light issued by the optical coupler, and a second redirecting surface arranged and shaped to reflect at least a portion of the light that impinges thereon in a second direction that has a component orthogonal to the prevalent direction of propagation of the light issued by the optical coupler and antiparallel to the orthogonal component of the first direction.

36. The illumination device of claim 22, wherein

the prevalent direction of propagation of the emitted light in the emission angular range is tilted relative the optical axis of the illumination device by a tilt angle less than a critical TIR angle, and

the second side surface comprises a curved portion and a flat portion, the flat portion being oriented along the optical axis of the illumination device.

37. The illumination device of claim 36, wherein the flat portion of the second side surface is adjacent the exit aperture.

38. The illumination device of claim 37, wherein

the first side surface is a first logarithmic spiral which depends on the tilt angle and the critical TIR angle,

the curved portion of the second side surface is a second logarithmic spiral which depends on the tilt angle, the critical TIR angle and a dimension of the light source, and

the second side surface is continuous at an intersection of the curved portion with the flat portion.

39. The illumination device of claim 22, wherein

the prevalent direction of propagation of the emitted light in the emission angular range is tilted relative the optical axis of the illumination device by a tilt angle equal to or larger than a critical TIR angle, and

the second side surface is flat and oriented along the optical axis of the illumination device.

40. The illumination device of claim 39, wherein the first side surface is a logarithmic spiral which depends on the tilt angle and the critical TIR angle.

41. The illumination device of claim 40, wherein the logarithmic spiral is computed in accordance with Equation (1).

42. The illumination device of claim 22, wherein each of the first side surface and the second side surface has translational symmetry along an axis orthogonal to the optical axis of the illumination device and the prevalent direction of propagation of the emitted light in the emission angular range.

43. The illumination device of claim 22, wherein the light source comprises an LED die.

44. The illumination device of claim 22, wherein the light source and the input aperture of the optical coupler are immersion coupled.

25-28. -28. (canceled)

30. An optical coupler comprising:

an input aperture disposed within a first plane;

an exit aperture disposed within a second plane, the second plane intersecting the first plane at an acute angle that is less than a critical TIR angle; and

a first side surface and a second side surface extending between the input aperture and the exit aperture, the first and second side surfaces configured to direct incident light from the input aperture to the exit aperture via total internal reflection, wherein

the first side surface is a first logarithmic spiral which depends on the acute angle and the critical TIR angle,

the second side surface comprises a curved portion and a flat portion, the flat portion being oriented orthogonal to the second plane,

the flat portion of the second side surface is adjacent the exit aperture,

the curved portion of the second side surface is a second logarithmic spiral which depends on the acute angle, the critical TIR angle and a dimension of the input aperture,

the second side surface is continuous at an intersection of the curved portion with the flat portion, and

a point of the exit aperture that is on the first side surface has the same coordinate along an axis orthogonal to the exit aperture as another point of the exit aperture that is on the flat portion of the second side surface.

29. The optical coupler of claim 30, wherein

the first logarithmic spiral is computed in accordance with Equation (1), and

the second logarithmic spiral is computed in accordance with Equation (2).

35. The optical coupler of claim 30, wherein each of the first side surface and the second side surface has translational symmetry along an axis parallel to the first plane and the second plane.

31-34. -34. (canceled)