FLUID TREATMENT APPARATUS AND PROCESS

• US 20160271573A1
• Filed: 10/14/2014
• Published: 09/22/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 10/17/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Ashok Adrian Singh
• Original Assignee: Ashok Adrian Singh
• Inventors: Singh, Ashok Adrian
• Granted Patent: US 10,441,926 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: B01F 2215/0422 Numerical values of angles
• CPC Class Codes: B01F 23/2323 by circulating the flow in guiding constructions or conduits
• CPC Class Codes: B01F 25/103 with additional mixing means other than vortex mixers, e.g. the vortex chamber being positioned in another mixing chamber
• CPC Class Codes: B01F 25/3122 the material flowing at a supersonic velocity thereby creating shock waves
• CPC Class Codes: B01F 25/31232 used simultaneously
• CPC Class Codes: B01F 25/31233 used successively
• CPC Class Codes: B01F 25/31242 the main flow being injected in the central area of the venturi, creating an aspiration in the circumferential part of the conduit B01F25/31243 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B01F 25/31243 Eductor or eductor-type venturi, i.e. the main flow being injected through the venturi with high speed in the form of a jet
• CPC Class Codes: B01F 25/3141 with additional mixing means other than injector mixers
• CPC Class Codes: B01F 25/31423 with a plurality of perforations in the circumferential direction only and covering the whole circumference
• CPC Class Codes: B01F 25/432 with means for dividing the material flow into separate sub-flows and for repositioning and recombining these sub-flows; Cross-mixing, e.g. conducting the outer layer of the material nearer to the axis of the tube or vice-versa
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/26 Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles
• CPC Class Codes: B03D 1/242 Nozzles for injecting gas into the flotation tank
• CPC Class Codes: C22B 11/04 by wet processes extraction of metal compounds by leaching in organic solutions C22B3/16; treatment or purification of solutions by liquid-liquid extraction C22B3/26
• CPC Class Codes: C22B 11/08 by cyaniding
• CPC Class Codes: C22B 3/02 Apparatus therefor
• CPC Class Codes: C22B 3/12 in inorganic alkaline solutions
• CPC Class Codes: C22B 3/22 by physical processes, e.g. by filtration, by magnetic means , or by thermal decomposition treatment or purification of solutions by liquid-liquid extraction C22B3/26
• CPC Class Codes: C22B 7/008 by an alkaline or ammoniacal leaching
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 10/20 Recycling

Abstract

Liquid treatment apparatus comprises at least two chambers being first and second chambers through which a fluid can flow. The two chambers are separated by at least one choke nozzle which has an entrance in the first chamber and an exit in the second chamber. The choke nozzle (1) comprises a converging section at its entrance (3), a throat section (4), a backward-facing step (5) immediately after the throat section (4), and an exit section at its exit (6) wherein the exit section (6) diverges from the step (5). Similarly constructed mixing nozzles (1) may be included in the apparatus. The apparatus is especially useful in processes requiring a gas to be entrained in a fluid so that the gas is in the form of very small bubbles that do not tend to coalesce and flash off such as in the dissolution of gold and other precious metals from ore in the removal of arsenic from an ore.

Claims

1. Fluid treatment apparatus comprising at least two chambers being first and second chambers through which a fluid can flow, the two chambers being separated by at least one choke nozzle which has an entrance in the first chamber and an exit in the second chamber, wherein the choke nozzle comprises a converging section at its entrance, a throat section, a backward-facing step immediately after the throat section, and an exit section at its exit which opens into the second chamber wherein the choke nozzle is configured to promote cavitation resulting from choked flow under normal operating conditions.

2. Fluid treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which the converging section, the throat and the exit section are each of circular shape in cross-section and the exit section diverges.

3. Fluid treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which mixing nozzles are included in the apparatus for mixing fluids either before they enter a choke nozzle or after they leave a choke nozzle, or both and wherein a mixing nozzle has a converging section at its entrance, a throat section, a backward-facing step immediately after the throat section, and an exit section at its exit which opens into a downstream chamber.

4. Fluid treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which the converging section of a nozzle has a cone angle of from 1 to 35 degrees.

5. Fluid treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 4 in which the cone angle is from 15 to 30 degrees.

6. Fluid treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which the backward-facing step of a choke nozzle extends radially outwards beyond the throat section by 3 to 10% of the diameter of the throat.

7. Fluid treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 6 in which the backward-facing step extends radially outwards beyond the throat section by from 4 to 8%.

8. Fluid treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which the exit section diverges with a cone angle of from 1 to 8 degrees.

9. Fluid treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 8 in which the exit section diverges with a cone angle of from 2 to 8 degrees.

10. Fluid treatment apparatus as claimed in any one of the claim 1 in which the apparatus is arranged for diffusing a gas in a fluid in which instance the second chamber includes one or more gas inlets having their axes extending transversely relative to the axis of a nozzle so that gas may be urged towards a flow that is generally tangential relative to the nozzle or has a consequent swirling action.

11. Fluid treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which a diverging exit section to a nozzle has additional successive backward-facing steps along the exit section.

12. A process for enhancing chemical or physical reactions occurring in processes by utilizing choked flow, the process comprising passing a fluid through a choke nozzle comprising a converging section, a throat section, a backward-facing step immediately after the throat section and an exit section wherein the directional flow, angular velocity, centrifugal acceleration and straight line acceleration of the fluid create conditions providing cavitation consequent on choked flow through the choke nozzle.

13. A process as claimed in claim 12 in which the process includes diffusing a gas in a fluid and the process comprises generating bubbles in fluid that accelerates through the throat section and causing the bubbles to implode and form multiple smaller bubbles.

14. A process as claimed in claim 12 in which the process forms part of a process for separating gold and other metals from ore in which oxygen or air is diffused within a slurry of milled ore, water and calcium cyanide or sodium cyanide so as to sufficiently oxidize the ore for reduced cyanide consumption and/or improved metal leaching and/or to facilitate flotation of the gold particles from the ore.