Frequency Measurement for Electric Power Delivery Systems

• US 20170146577A1
• Filed: 11/18/2016
• Published: 05/25/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 11/20/2015
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Incorporated
• Inventors: Kasztenny, Bogdan Z.
• Granted Patent: US 10,312,041 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 23/02 Arrangements for measuring frequency, e.g. pulse repetition rate; Arrangements for measuring period of current or voltage
• CPC Class Codes: H01H 47/00 Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current

Abstract

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for estimating a period and frequency of a waveform. In one embodiment, a system may comprise an input configured to receive a representation of the input waveform. A period determination subsystem may perform an iterative process to determine the variable period of the input waveform. The iterative process may comprise selection of an estimated window length, determination of an autocorrelation value based on the estimated window length, determination of an adjustment value to the window length to identify a maximum of the autocorrelation value; and determination of the variable period based on the window length associated with the maximum of the autocorrelation value. The period determination subsystem may perform the iterative process to track changes in the variable period of the input waveform. A control action subsystem may implement a control action based on the variable period of the input waveform.

Claims

1. A system configured to determine a variable period of an input waveform, the system comprising:

an input configured to receive a representation of the input waveform;

a period determination subsystem configured to perform an iterative process to determine the variable period of the input waveform, the iterative process comprising;

selection of an estimated window length;

determination of an autocorrelation value based on the estimated window length;

determination of an adjustment value to the window length to identify a maximum of the autocorrelation value; and

determination of the variable period based on the window length associated with the maximum of the autocorrelation value; and

a control action subsystem configured to implement a control action based on the variable period of the input waveform;

wherein the period determination subsystem is further configured to perform the iterative process to track changes in the variable period of the input waveform.

2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a variable length buffer configured to receive the input waveform and to provide to the period determination subsystem a representation of the input waveform that is delayed by the estimated window length.

3. The system of claim 2, further comprising a derivative function subsystem configured to receive the input waveform and to provide a representation of a derivative of the input waveform to the period determination subsystem;

wherein the period determination subsystem is further configured to utilize the derivative to determine one of the window length and the adjustment value to the window length.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein the period determination subsystem is configured to determine the adjustment value to the window length based on a delay of the input waveform provided by the variable length buffer that results in a zero value of an integrated product of the input waveform and the derivative of the input waveform at the delay.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the period determination subsystem is further configured to interpolate between a plurality of adjacent values of the input waveform to determine the estimated period.

6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a periodicity determination subsystem configured to evaluate a periodicity of the input waveform and to provide a measurement quality indicator based on the periodicity of the input waveform for each of a corresponding plurality of values of the variable period over a span of time.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein the periodicity determination subsystem is further configured to generate a composite value of the variable period over the span of time based on the measurement quality indicator and the corresponding plurality of values of the variable period.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the composite value of the variable period comprises a weighted average, and the quality indictor comprises a weighting value associated with the plurality of values of the variable period in the weighted average.

9. The system of claim 6, wherein the period determination subsystem is further configured to selectively discard values of the variable period when the measurement quality indicator is below a threshold.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein the input waveform represents one of an alternating current and an alternating voltage in an electric power distribution system.

11. The system of claim 1, wherein the control action comprises disconnection of a load connected to the electric power distribution system when the variable period exceeds a threshold.

12. A method for determining a variable period of an input waveform, the method comprising:

receiving a representation of the input waveform; and

performing an iterative process to determine the variable period of the input waveform, the iterative process comprising;

selecting an estimated window length;

determining an autocorrelation value based on the estimated window length;

determining an adjustment value to the window length to identify a maximum of the autocorrelation value; and

determining the variable period based on the window length based on the window length associated with the maximum of the autocorrelation value;

a control action subsystem configured to implement a control action based on the period of the input waveform;

wherein the period determination subsystem is further configured to perform the iterative process to track changes in the period of the waveform.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising delaying the input waveform using a variable length buffer by the estimated window length.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:

generating a derivative of the input waveform; and

utilizing the derivative to determine one of the window length and the adjustment value to the window length.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein determining the adjustment value to the window length based on a delay of the input waveform provided by the variable length buffer comprises selecting the delay resulting in a zero value of an integrated product of the input waveform and the derivative of the input waveform at the delay.

16. The method of claim 12, further comprising interpolating between a plurality of adjacent values of the input waveform to determine the estimated period.

17. The method of claim 12, further comprising:

evaluating a periodicity of the input waveform; and

providing a measurement quality indicator based on the periodicity of the input waveform for each of a corresponding plurality of values of the variable period over a span of time.

18. The method of claim 17, further comprising generating a composite value of the variable period over the span of time based on the measurement quality indicator and the corresponding plurality of values of the variable period.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the composite value of the variable period comprises a weighted average, and wherein the quality indictor comprises a weighting value associated with the plurality of values of the variable period.

20. A system configured to monitor a periodic waveform in an electrical power system and to determine a variable period of the periodic waveform, the system comprising:

an input configured to receive a representation of the periodic waveform; and

a period determination subsystem configured to perform an iterative process to determine the variable period of the periodic waveform, the iterative process comprising;

selection of an estimated window length;

determination of an autocorrelation value based on the estimated window length;

determination of an adjustment value to the window length to identify a maximum of the autocorrelation value; and

determination of the variable period based on the window length associated with the maximum of the autocorrelation value;

a periodicity determination subsystem configured to evaluate a periodicity of the periodic waveform and to provide a measurement quality indicator based on the periodicity of the input waveform for each of a corresponding plurality of values of the variable period;

a control action subsystem configured to selectively disconnect a load connected to the electric power distribution system when the variable period exceeds a threshold;

wherein the period determination subsystem is further configured to selectively discard values of the variable period when the measurement quality indicator is below a threshold.