NANOPATTERNED BIOSENSOR ELECTRODE FOR ENHANCED SENSOR SIGNAL AND SENSITIVITY

• US 20170209079A1
• Filed: 01/25/2016
• Published: 07/27/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 01/25/2016
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation, Yale University
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation, Yale University
• Inventors: KYRIAKIDES, THEMISTOCLIS, PADMANABHAN, JAGANNATH, KINSER, EMILY R.
• Granted Patent: US 10,213,144 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/0209 Special features of electrodes classified in A61B5/24, A61B5/25, A61B5/283, A61B5/291, A61B5/296, A61B5/053
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/0285 Nanoscale sensors
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/046 in a matrix array
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/125 characterised by the manufacture of electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14532 for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1468 using chemical or electrochemical methods, e.g. by polarographic means A61B5/1486 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1486 using enzyme electrodes, e.g. with immobilised oxidase
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 15/00 Nanotechnology for interacting, sensing or actuating, e.g. quantum dots as markers in protein assays or molecular motors
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 40/00 Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/3271 Amperometric enzyme electrodes for analytes in body fluids, e.g. glucose in blood amperometry per se G01N27/49; aspects concerning the enzyme reagent C12Q1/001
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/3278 involving nanosized elements, e.g. nanogaps or nanoparticles nanopores G01N33/48721; magnetic beads G01N27/745

Abstract

An electrode structure, which can be used as a biosensor, is provided that has non-random topography located on one surface of an electrode base substrate. The non-random topography of the electrode structure and the electrode base substrate of the electrode structure are of unitary construction and unitary composition and thus there is no interface is located between these elements of the electrode structure.

Claims

1. An electrode structure comprising:

an electrode base having non-random topography located on one surface of said electrode base, wherein said electrode base and said non-random topography are of uniform construction and uniform composition.

2. The electrode structure of claim 1, wherein said uniform composition of said electrode base and said non-random topography comprise a conductive material.

3. The electrode structure of claim 2, wherein said conductive material is amorphous.

4. The electrode structure of claim 2, wherein said conductive material comprises a metallic glass, wherein said metallic glass includes an element selected from the group consisting of platinum, copper, nickel, phosphorous, palladium, zirconium, silver, aluminum, carbon and an alloy of one or more said elements.

5. The electrode structure of claim 1, wherein said non-random topography comprises repeating individually articulated features.

6. The electrode structure of claim 5, wherein each repeating individually articulated feature comprises rods, cones, or annular structures.

7. The electrode structure of claim 5, wherein each repeating individually articulated feature has a critical dimension from 5 nm to 900 nm.

8. The electrode structure of claim 5, wherein each repeating individually articulated feature has a height from 5 nm to 300 μ

m.

9. The electrode structure of claim 5, wherein each repeating individually articulated feature has an aspect ratio of 1:

1 to 500;

1.

10. The electrode structure of claim 5, wherein each repeating individually articulated feature has a pitch ratio of from 2:

1 to 100;

1.

11. The electrode structure of claim 1, further comprising a biological functionalization material located on a surface of said non-random topography.

12. The electrode structure of claim 11, wherein said biological functionalization material is further present on a surface of said electrode base substrate.

13. The electrode structure of claim 11, wherein said biological functionalization material is composed of an oligonucleotide, a nucleic acid, a peptide, a ligand, a protein, an enzyme, or any other material apt to bind with a complementary target biomolecule.

14. The electrode structure of claim 11, wherein said biological functionalization material is composed of glucose oxidase or glucose dehydrogenase.

15. A method of forming an electrode structure, said method comprising:

providing a mold having a pattern that comprises both an electrode base shape and a nanotopography shape;

introducing a metallic glass into said mold utilizing a thermoplastic forming process to provide an electrode structure comprising said metallic glass and having said electrode base substrate shape and said nanotopography shape of said mold;

removing said mold from said electrode structure from said mold; and

attaching a biological functionalization material to said electrode structure.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein said removing said mold comprising contacting said mold with a chemical wet etchant.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein said biological functionalization material is composed of an oligonucleotide, a nucleic acid, a peptide, a ligand, a protein, an enzyme, or any other material apt to bind with a complementary target biomolecule.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein said biological functionalization material is composed of glucose oxidase or glucose dehydrogenase.

19. The method of claim 15, wherein said providing said mold comprises:

first patterning a substrate to provide said electrode base shape in said substrate; and

second patterning said substrate containing said electrode base shape to provide said nanotopography shape into said substrate.

20. The method of claim 15, wherein said metallic glass is a solid metallic material or metal alloy with a disordered amorphous atomic structure.