METHOD FOR THE CAPTURE OF CARBON DIOXIDE THROUGH CRYOGENICALLY PROCESSING GASEOUS EMISSIONS FROM FOSSIL-FUEL POWER GENERATION
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Abstract
A cryogenic method for capturing carbon dioxide in the gaseous emissions produced from the fossil-energy combustion of solid, liquid, or gaseous fossil fuels in a power generation installation employing an OxyFuel mode of combustion. The method includes: producing essentially pure carbon dioxide under elevated pressure and at near ambient temperatures in a Carbon-Dioxide Capture Component from the carbon-dioxide content of at least a part of the gaseous emissions produced from fossil-energy fueled combustion in the Oxyfuel mode of combustion; separating atmospheric air in an Air Separation Component into a stream of liquid nitrogen and a stream of high-purity oxygen; supplying low temperature, compressed purified air to a cryogenic air separation unit (cold box) within the Air Separation Component; collecting low temperature thermal energy from coolers employed within the Carbon-Dioxide Capture Component and the Air Separation Component; and converting the collected thermal energy to electricity within a Thermal-Energy Conversion Component.
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43 Claims
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1-21. -21. (canceled)
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22. (canceled)
- 23. (canceled)
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42. An integrated and interrelated three-component method for simultaneously capturing carbon dioxide emitted from combustion of fossil-energy fueled power generation in an oxyfuel mode, for supplying oxygen to support oxyfuel mode of combustion, and for collecting thermal energy liberated from carbon capture and oxygen supply for generating electricity, comprising:
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filtering, compressing, and cooling, in a carbon-dioxide capture component, gaseous emissions from the power generation installation in multistage compressors; intercooling between the multistage compressors with an upper refrigerant; separating the gaseous emissions into captured carbon dioxide, water, and tail gas; collecting low level thermal energy with the upper refrigerant for conversion to electricity; compressing atmospheric air and mixing with the tail gas to form a mixture of compressed atmospheric air and tail gas in an air separation component; separating gaseous oxygen from the mixture in the air separation component to support the oxyfuel combustion in the power generation installation; separating liquefied nitrogen from the mixture in the air separation component for use as a lower refrigerant in the carbon-dioxide capture component for liquefying the captured carbon-dioxide; reducing the pressure of the upper refrigerant in a thermal energy conversion component; converting low level thermal energy in the upper refrigerant to electricity by passing it through expander turbines, and represurizing the upper refrigerant with a pump. - View Dependent Claims (24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 41)
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43. A method for capturing carbon dioxide in gaseous emissions produced by OxyFuel mode combustion of fossil fuel in a power generating installation, comprising;
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directing the gaseous emissions from OxyFuel combustion in a power generating installation into a carbon-dioxide capture component; isolating and capturing the carbon dioxide content of gaseous emissions of the OxyFuel mode combustion power generation installation by multi-stage compression in a carbon-dioxide capture component and by intercooling between stages of the multi-stage compression with an upper refrigerant; aftercooling the carbon dioxide content of the gaseous emissions after a final stage of the multi-stage compression in a condenser in which heat of condensation is extracted by a lower refrigerant whereby the carbon dioxide content is condensed to a liquid carbon dioxide content; recovering water vapor content of the gaseous emissions as a liquid from during the intercooling between stages of the multi-stage compression and prior to after cooling; outputting a stream of the liquid carbon dioxide content, a stream of recovery water, and a stream of recycled gas from the carbon-dioxide capture component after isolating and capturing the carbon dioxide content of the gaseous emissions; directing the stream of recycled gas and a stream of atmospheric air into an air separation component for mixing into a mixture of recycled gas and atmospheric air; separating the mixture of recycled gas and atmospheric air within the air separation component into a stream of oxygen and a stream of nitrogen by multi-stage compression of the mixture of recycled gas and atmospheric air and intercooling between stages of the multi-stage compression with an upper refrigerant and aftercooling the mixture of recycled gas and atmospheric air after a final stage of the multi-stage compression; cooling the atmospheric air after multi-stage compression with a lower refrigerant of liquid nitrogen; directing the stream of oxygen being output from the air separation component into the power generating installation and venting the stream of nitrogen; producing electricity with a thermal energy conversion component from thermal energy generated by heat exchange into the upper refrigerant during the intercooling between stages of the multi-stage compression in the carbon-dioxide capture component and during the intercooling between stages of the multi-stage compression in the air separation component; reducing pressure of the upper refrigerant by turbo-expanders in the thermal energy conversion component that drive electricity generators; and condensing the upper refrigerant through heat exchange with the lower refrigerant.
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Specification