SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR INDICATING CANISTER PURGE VALVE DEGRADATION

• US 20180010532A1
• Filed: 07/05/2016
• Published: 01/11/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 07/05/2016
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Ford Global Technologies, LLC (Ford Motor Company)
• Original Assignee: Ford Global Technologies, LLC (Ford Motor Company)
• Inventors: Dudar, Aed M.
• Granted Patent: US 10,167,823 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 2015/03203 during refueling
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 2015/03394 for preventing expulsion of fuel during filling of the tank
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 2015/03447 for improving the sealing
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 2015/03576 Venting during filling the reservoir
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 2200/0802 Temperature of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 41/0035 to achieve a special effect, e.g. to warm up the catalyst
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 41/042 for stopping the engine
• CPC Class Codes: F02M 25/0809 Judging failure of purge control system
• CPC Class Codes: F02M 25/0836 Arrangement of valves controlling the admission of fuel vapour to an engine, e.g. valve being disposed between fuel tank or absorption canister and intake manifold
• CPC Class Codes: F02M 35/0218 acting by absorption or adsorption; trapping or removing vapours or liquids, e.g. originating from fuel

Abstract

Methods and systems are provided for indicating whether a canister purge valve in a vehicle evaporative emissions control system is degraded. In one example, an air intake system hydrocarbon (AIS HC) trap temperature may be monitored during a refueling event, and responsive to an indication that the AIS HC trap temperature change is greater than a predetermined threshold, it may be indicated that the canister purge valve is degraded. In this way, diagnosis of whether a vehicle canister purge valve is degraded may be indicated without the use of engine manifold vacuum, and may be advantageous for vehicles configured to operate for significant amounts of time without engine operation, or without intake manifold vacuum.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

monitoring a fuel vapor loading state of an adsorbent material positioned in an engine air intake while fuel is being added to a fuel tank that supplies fuel to the engine; and

responsive to an indication that an increase in the fuel vapor loading state is greater than a first predetermined threshold;

indicating a canister purge valve configured to seal the fuel tank from the engine air intake is degraded.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the adsorbent material positioned in the engine air intake comprises an air intake system hydrocarbon trap (AIS HC), and wherein the adsorbent material includes one or more of carbon, activated carbon, or zeolites, and further comprising automatically starting an engine of the vehicle responsive to the fuel vapor loading state being greater than a second predetermined threshold.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the fuel vapor loading state of the adsorbent material is indicated while fuel is being added to the fuel tank based on a monitored temperature change of the adsorbent material;

wherein the temperature change is monitored by one or more temperature sensors embedded in the adsorbent material; and

wherein

a temperature increase indicates the adsorption of fuel vapors by the adsorbent material, and a temperature decrease indicates the desorption of fuel vapors from the adsorbent material.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the canister purge valve is commanded closed prior to the fuel being added to the fuel tank in order to seal the fuel tank from the engine air intake;

and wherein the canister purge valve is maintained closed during the fuel being added to the fuel tank.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein fuel vapors from the fuel tank generated while adding fuel to the fuel tank are routed from the fuel tank to the engine air intake through the canister purge valve that is degraded, and further comprising adjusting the first predetermined threshold in response to ambient temperature.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

adsorbing fuel vapors from the fuel tank in a fuel vapor storage canister positioned in an evaporative emissions control system of the vehicle;

wherein fuel vapors from the fuel tank are routed from the fuel tank to the fuel vapor storage canister and not to the adsorbent material positioned in the engine air intake while fuel is being added to the tank responsive to the canister purge valve functioning as desired.

7. A method comprising:

monitoring a fuel vapor loading state of an adsorbent material positioned in an engine air intake while fuel is being added to a fuel tank that supplies fuel to a vehicle engine; and

responsive to an indication that an increase in the fuel vapor loading state is greater than a first predetermined threshold but less than a second predetermined threshold;

indicating a canister purge valve configured to seal the fuel tank from the intake manifold is degraded, and not actively purging the adsorbent material; and

responsive to an indication that an increase in the fuel vapor loading state is greater than the first predetermined threshold and greater than the second predetermined threshold;

indicating the canister purge valve configured to seal the fuel tank from the intake manifold is degraded, and actively purging the adsorbent material.

8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:

adsorbing fuel vapors from the fuel tank in an adsorbent material contained in a fuel vapor canister positioned in an evaporative emissions control system of the vehicle;

wherein fuel vapors from the fuel tank generated while adding fuel to the fuel tank are routed from the fuel tank to the fuel vapor canister and not to the adsorbent material positioned in the engine air intake responsive to the canister purge valve functioning as desired; and

wherein

fuel vapors from the fuel tank generated while adding fuel to the fuel tank are routed from the fuel tank to the adsorbent material positioned in the engine air intake through the canister purge valve responsive to the canister purge valve being degraded.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the fuel vapor loading state of the adsorbent material positioned in the engine air intake and a fuel vapor loading state of the fuel vapor canister are indicated based on temperature changes of the adsorbent material positioned in the engine air intake and temperature changes of the adsorbent material contained in the fuel vapor canister;

wherein temperature changes of the adsorbent material positioned in the engine air intake are monitored by one or more temperature sensor(s) positioned in the adsorbent material positioned in the engine air intake; and

wherein

temperature changes of the adsorbent material contained in the fuel vapor canister are monitored by one or more temperature sensor(s) positioned in the adsorbent material contained in the fuel vapor canister.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein actively purging the adsorbent material further comprises:

in a first condition, spinning the vehicle engine fueled in a forward direction and commanding open an air intake throttle that controls airflow to an intake manifold of the engine, where spinning the engine fueled in the forward direction creates vacuum in the intake manifold; and

in a second condition, spinning the vehicle engine unfueled in a reverse direction and commanding closed the air intake throttle, where spinning the vehicle engine unfueled in the reverse direction creates vacuum in an exhaust manifold of the engine.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first condition further comprises:

commanding or maintaining closed the canister purge valve; and

wherein

vacuum created in the intake manifold by spinning the engine fueled in the forward direction draws atmospheric air past the air intake throttle and across the adsorbent material positioned in the engine air intake, desorbing fuel vapors from the adsorbent material and routing the desorbed fuel vapors to the engine where the fuel vapors are combusted.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first condition further comprises:

monitoring temperature change during the desorbing of fuel vapors from the adsorbent material positioned in the engine air intake via the one or more temperature sensor(s) positioned in the adsorbent material positioned in the engine air intake; and

indicating the adsorbent material positioned in the engine air intake is clean responsive to temperature change below a predetermined threshold.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein responsive to an indication that the adsorbent material in the intake manifold is clean, resuming default driving conditions based on vehicle operator demand.

14. The method of claim 10, wherein the second condition further comprises:

commanding open the canister purge valve; and

wherein

vacuum created in the exhaust manifold by spinning the engine unfueled in reverse draws atmospheric air across the adsorbent material positioned in the engine air intake, desorbing fuel vapors from the adsorbent material and routing the desorbed fuel vapors to the fuel vapor canister positioned in the evaporative emissions control system where the fuel vapors are adsorbed.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the second condition further comprises:

monitoring temperature change of the adsorbent material positioned in the engine air intake during the desorption of fuel vapors, where temperature change below a threshold indicates fuel vapor load of the adsorbent material positioned in the engine air intake below a first threshold;

monitoring temperature change of the adsorbent material contained in the fuel vapor canister during the adsorption of fuel vapors, where temperature change above another threshold indicates fuel vapor load of the adsorbent material contained in the fuel vapor canister above a second threshold; and

stopping spinning the engine unfueled in reverse responsive to fuel vapor load of the adsorbent material positioned in the intake manifold below the first threshold, or responsive to fuel vapor load of the adsorbent material contained in the fuel vapor canister above the second threshold.

16. The method of claim 10, wherein the first condition includes a vehicle-on condition within a predetermined time duration of an indication of completion of fuel being added to the fuel tank;

and wherein the second condition includes the vehicle being maintained off for the predetermined time duration.

17. The method of claim 10, further comprising:

selectively coupling the fuel tank to the adsorbent material contained in the fuel vapor canister positioned in the evaporative emissions control system via a fuel tank isolation valve positioned in a conduit between the fuel tank and the fuel vapor canister;

wherein the fuel tank isolation valve is commanded open prior to adding fuel to the fuel tank, and is maintained open during adding fuel to the fuel tank; and

wherein the second condition includes commanding closed the fuel tank isolation valve to seal the fuel tank from the engine air intake and from the fuel vapor canister.

18. A system for a hybrid vehicle, comprising:

an engine comprising one or more cylinders, each cylinder including an intake valve and an exhaust valve;

fuel injectors for each of the one or more cylinders;

a spark plug for each of the one or more cylinders;

an engine exhaust;

a fuel vapor canister selectively coupled to an engine intake manifold via a canister purge valve;

a fuel tank that supplies fuel to the engine, the fuel tank selectively coupled to the fuel vapor canister via a fuel tank isolation valve;

an air intake system hydrocarbon trap positioned in the engine intake manifold;

one or more temperature sensor(s) positioned in the fuel vapor canister;

one or more temperature sensor(s) positioned in the air intake system hydrocarbon trap; and

a controller configured with instructions stored in non-transitory memory, that when executed cause the controller to;

responsive to a request for refueling of the fuel tank, command open the fuel tank isolation valve;

command closed or maintain closed the canister purge valve;

monitor temperature of the air intake system hydrocarbon trap during refueling of the fuel tank; and

indicate the canister purge valve is degraded responsive to a temperature increase in the air intake system hydrocarbon trap above a first predetermined threshold.

19. The system of claim 18, further comprising:

an electric motor configured to rotate the engine; and

wherein

the controller is further configured with instructions stored in non-transitory memory, that when executed cause the controller to;

responsive to a temperature increase in the air intake system hydrocarbon trap above a second predetermined threshold, and further responsive to an indication of completion of refueling;

command open the canister purge valve;

command closed the fuel tank isolation valve; and

operate the electric motor to rotate the engine in a reverse direction without combusting fuel, where rotating the engine unfueled draws air from the exhaust manifold into the intake manifold.

20. The system of claim 19, wherein the controller is further configured with instructions stored in non-transitory memory, that when executed cause the controller to:

monitor temperature in the air intake system hydrocarbon trap;

monitor temperature in the fuel vapor canister; and

responsive to an absence of temperature change in the air intake system hydrocarbon trap, or responsive to a temperature change in the fuel vapor canister above a threshold;

stop rotating the engine in the reverse direction without combusting fuel.