METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR AUTHENTICATION IN AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES

• US 20180126951A1
• Filed: 12/28/2016
• Published: 05/10/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 11/07/2016
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: NIO Technology Company Limited (NIO, Inc. (China))
• Original Assignee: Nio Usa Inc. (NIO, Inc. (China))
• Inventors: Ricci, Christopher P.
• Granted Patent: US 9,963,106 B1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 25/2018 Central base unlocks or authorises unlocking
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 25/24 using electronic identifiers containing a code not memorised by the user
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 25/305 using a camera
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2420/403 Image sensing, e.g. optical camera
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2420/408 Radar; Laser, e.g. lidar
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2420/54 Audio sensitive means, e.g. ultrasound
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2540/041 Potential occupants
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2540/049 Number of occupants
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2540/225 Direction of gaze
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2756/10 Involving external transmission of data to or from the vehicle
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 30/10 Path keeping cruise control for automatically following a preceding vehicle B60W30/165
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 30/14 Adaptive cruise control
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 30/16 Control of distance between vehicles, e.g. keeping a distance to preceding vehicle
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 40/09 Driving style or behaviour
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 50/14 Means for informing the driver, warning the driver or prompting a driver intervention
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 60/0025 specially adapted for specific operations
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 60/0027 using trajectory prediction for other traffic participants
• CPC Class Codes: G01C 21/26 specially adapted for navigation in a road network
• CPC Class Codes: G01C 21/36 Input/output arrangements for on-board computers
• CPC Class Codes: G05D 1/0287 involving a plurality of land vehicles, e.g. fleet or convoy travelling traffic control systems for road vehicles G08G1/00, particularly anticollision systems G08G1/16
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 40/08 : Insurance
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 1/0112 : from the vehicle, e.g. floating car data [FCD]
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 1/0125 : Traffic data processing
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 1/0129 : for creating historical data or processing based on historical data
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 1/0133 : for classifying traffic situation
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 1/0145 : for active traffic flow control
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 1/017 : identifying vehicles G08G1/015, G08G1/054 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 1/096725 : where the received information generates an automatic action on the vehicle control
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 1/096741 : where the source of the transmitted information selects which information to transmit to each vehicle
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 1/096775 : where the origin of the information is a central station
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 1/164 : Centralised systems, e.g. external to vehicles

Abstract

Systems of an electrical vehicle and the operations thereof are provided that provide authentication mechanisms of external individuals or computing devices while the vehicle is operating autonomously.

Claims

1-21. -21. (canceled)

22. A vehicle, comprising:

a vehicle interior for receiving one or more occupants;

a plurality of sensors to collect sensed information associated with the vehicle interior and an exterior of the vehicle;

an automatic vehicle location system to determine a current spatial location of the vehicle;

a computer readable medium to store authentication information and the sensed information when the vehicle is in a Level 4 or 5 level of autonomous operation; and

a microprocessor, coupled to the automatic vehicle location system and computer readable medium, that, when in the Level 4 or 5 level of autonomous operation and in the absence of interaction of the microprocessor with a driver of the vehicle, is programmed to;

based on the sensed information collected by the plurality of sensors, construct a three-dimensional map in spatial proximity to the vehicle that enables the microprocessor to identify and spatially locate animate and inanimate objects in the spatial proximity;

detect, in the three-dimensional map, an individual exterior to the vehicle;

combine navigation information received from a remote navigation source based on a current spatial location of the vehicle with the three-dimensional map to provide aggregate mapping information;

select a behavioral model of the detected individual;

process in real time the aggregate mapping information and the selected behavioral model to determine a command regarding operation of the vehicle;

based on the three-dimensional map and authentication information, attempt to perform primary authentication to authenticate the detected individual or a computing device associated with the detected individual;

when the detected individual or computing device is authenticated successfully by the primary authentication, attempt to perform secondary authentication of the detected individual or the computing device using different authentication information than the authentication information used in the primary authentication; and

when the primary and secondary authentication are successful, perform a vehicle operation command to enable the individual to access the vehicle interior.

23. The vehicle of claim 22, wherein the navigation information comprises a dimensional array of features, each feature having an attribute of location and category, wherein the three dimensional map comprises the current spatial vehicle location, sensed object information associated with objects in spatial proximity to the vehicle, sensed occupant information for the vehicle, selected vehicle-related information, exterior environmental information regarding an environment of the vehicle, and an occupant command, wherein the authentication information is one or more of biometric data of the detected individual, a credential, passcode, or key to be received from the individual, an Electronic Serial Number (“

ESN”

) of the computing device, a Mobile Equipment Identifier (“

MEID”

) of the computing device, an International Mobile Equipment Identity (“

MEI”

) of the computing device, an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (“

IMSI”

) number of the computing device, a Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (“

TMSI”

) of the computing device, a telephone number of the computing device, an Internet Protocol address of the computing device, and Mobile IP (“

MIP”

) of the computing device, wherein the plurality of sensors comprise a camera, wherein the microprocessor provides an image of the interior of the vehicle to a remote communication device of an owner of the vehicle, and wherein the remote communication device, in response to the provided image, remotely controls one or more operations of the vehicle, the one or more operations comprising one or more of a destination selection, waypoint selection, infotainment setting, vehicle speed, route selection, door locking, door unlocking, window opening, window closing, local network setting, and local network availability to an on board computing device.

24. The vehicle of claim 22, wherein the vehicle interior comprises one or more occupants, wherein the vehicle operation is one or more of locking or unlocking a door and raising or lowering a window, wherein the microprocessor has determined that the vehicle has arrived at a predetermined waypoint or destination, wherein the microprocessor and a communication device of the detected individual receive from a remote authentication system or control source a common token or credential, wherein the token or credential is valid only for a specified time limit, wherein the microprocessor authenticates the detected individual successfully when the communication device correctly provides the common token or credential within the specified time limit, and wherein the microprocessor fails to authenticate the detected individual successfully when the communication device incorrectly provides the common token or credential or correctly provides the common token or credential but after expiration of the specified time limit.

25. The vehicle of claim 24, wherein the microprocessor performs the successful secondary authentication of the detected individual by the one or more occupants by a response sent to a remote communication device of a vehicle owner or by the vehicle owner remotely viewing an image of the detected individual via the remote communication device prior to performing the vehicle operation, and wherein the remote communication device sends to the microprocessor a command indicating whether or not the secondary authentication is successful.

26. The vehicle of claim 22, wherein the microprocessor provides a live video stream of the vehicle interior or exterior to a remote computing device, wherein the remote computing device is successfully authenticated by the microprocessor, wherein the remote computing device is associated with an individual different from the detected individual, wherein, to perform the secondary authentication, the microprocessor sends the live video stream to the remote computing device, wherein, when the secondary authentication is successful, the different individual sends, by the remote computing device, an authentication response permitting the microprocessor to perform the vehicle operation, and wherein, when the secondary authentication is not successful, the different individual sends, by the remote computing device, an authentication response preventing the microprocessor from performing the vehicle operation.

27. The vehicle of claim 22, wherein the authentication information comprises a token, key, or passcode provided to the vehicle and the detected individual'"'"'s computing device by a remote control source or authentication system, wherein the detected individual is previously not associated with the vehicle, wherein the token, key, or passcode is valid only for a selected period of time or selected number of uses, wherein the microprocessor authenticates the detected individual successfully when the communication device correctly provides the token, key, or passcode within the selected time period or selected number of uses, and wherein the microprocessor fails to authenticate the detected individual successfully when one or more of the following is true:

the communication device incorrectly provides the token, key, or passcode, correctly provides the token, key, or passcode but after expiration of the selected time period, or correctly provides the token, key, or passcode but after usage of the selected number of uses.

28. A method, comprising:

operating, by a microprocessor, a vehicle in a Level 4 or 5 level of autonomous operation, the vehicle comprising a plurality of sensors to collect sensed information associated with the vehicle interior and an exterior of the vehicle and an automatic vehicle location system to determine a current spatial location of the vehicle;

while operating at Level 4 or 5 and in the absence of interaction of the microprocessor with a driver of the vehicle, constructing, by the microprocessor and based on the sensed information collected by the plurality of sensors, a three-dimensional map in spatial proximity to the vehicle that enables the microprocessor to identify and spatially locate animate and inanimate objects in the spatial proximity;

detecting, by the microprocessor and in the three-dimensional map, an individual exterior to the vehicle;

combining, by the microprocessor, navigation information received from a remote navigation source based on a current spatial location of the vehicle with the three-dimensional map to provide aggregate mapping information;

selecting, by the microprocessor, a behavioral model of the detected individual;

processing in real time the aggregate mapping information and the selected behavioral model to determine a command regarding operation of the vehicle;

based on the three-dimensional map and authentication information stored in a computer readable medium of the vehicle, attempting, by the microprocessor, to perform primary authentication to authenticate the detected individual or a computing device associated with the detected individual;

when the detected individual or computing device is authenticated successfully in the primary authentication, attempting to perform secondary authentication of the detected individual or the computing device differently than the primary authentication; and

when the primary and secondary authentication are successful, performing, by the microprocessor, the vehicle operation command to enable the individual to access an interior of the vehicle.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein the secondary authentication is performed using different authentication information than the authentication information used in the primary authentication, wherein the navigation information comprises a dimensional array of features, each feature having an attribute of location and category, wherein the three-dimensional map comprises the current spatial vehicle location, sensed object information associated with objects in spatial proximity to the vehicle, sensed occupant information for the vehicle, selected vehicle-related information, exterior environmental information regarding an environment of the vehicle, and an occupant command, and wherein the authentication information is one or more of biometric data of the detected individual, a credential, passcode, or key to be received from the individual, an Electronic Serial Number (“

ESN”

) of the computing device, a Mobile Equipment Identifier (“

MEID”

) of the computing device, an International Mobile Equipment Identity (“

IMEI”

) of the computing device, an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (“

IMSI”

) number of the computing device, a Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (“

TMSI”

) of the computing device, a telephone number of the computing device, an Internet Protocol address of the computing device, and Mobile IP (“

MIP”

) of the computing device, wherein the plurality of sensors comprise a camera, wherein the microprocessor provides an image of the interior of the vehicle to a remote communication device of an owner of the vehicle, and wherein the remote communication device, in response to the provided image, remotely controls one or more operations of the vehicle, the one or more operations comprising one or more of a destination selection, waypoint selection, infotainment setting, vehicle speed, route selection, door locking, door unlocking, window opening, window closing, local network setting, and local network availability to an on board computing device.

30. The method of claim 28, wherein the vehicle interior comprises one or more occupants, wherein the vehicle operation is one or more of locking or unlocking a door and raising or lowering a window, wherein the microprocessor has determined that the vehicle has arrived at a predetermined waypoint or destination, wherein the microprocessor and a communication device of the detected individual receive from a remote authentication system or control source a common token or credential, wherein the token or credential is valid only for a specified time limit, wherein the microprocessor, in the primary or secondary authentication, authenticates the detected individual successfully when the communication device correctly provides the common token or credential within the specified time limit, and wherein the microprocessor, in the primary or secondary authentication, fails to authenticate the detected individual successfully when the communication device incorrectly provides the common token or credential or correctly provides the common token or credential but after expiration of the specified time limit.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein the microprocessor performs the successful secondary authentication of the detected individual by the one or more occupants by a response sent to a remote communication device of a vehicle owner or by the vehicle owner remotely viewing an image of the detected individual via the remote communication device prior to performing the vehicle operation. and wherein the remote communication device sends to the microprocessor a command indicating whether or not the secondary authentication is successful.

32. The method of claim 28, wherein the microprocessor provides a live video stream of the vehicle interior or exterior to a remote computing device, wherein the remote computing device is successfully authenticated by the microprocessor, wherein the remote computing device is associated with an individual different from the detected individual, wherein the microprocessor performs the secondary authentication by sending the live video stream to the remote computing device, wherein, when the secondary authentication is successful, the different individual sends, by the remote computing device, an authentication response permitting the microprocessor to perform the vehicle operation, and wherein, when the secondary authentication is not successful, the different individual sends, by the remote computing device, an authentication response preventing the microprocessor from performing the vehicle operation.

33. The method of claim 28, wherein the secondary authentication is performed using different authentication information than the authentication information used in the primary authentication, wherein the authentication information comprises a token, key, or passcode provided to the vehicle and detected individual'"'"'s computing device by a remote control source or authentication system, wherein the detected individual is previously not associated with the vehicle, wherein the token, key, or passcode is valid only for a selected period of time or selected number of uses, wherein the microprocessor authenticates the detected individual successfully when the communication device correctly provides the token, key, or passcode within the selected time period or selected number of uses, and wherein the microprocessor fails to authenticate the detected individual successfully when one or more of the following is true:

the communication device incorrectly provides the token, key, or passcode, correctly provides the token, key, or passcode but after expiration of the selected time period, or correctly provides the token, key, or passcode but after usage of the selected number of uses.

34. A method, comprising:

operating, by a microprocessor, a vehicle in a Level 4 or 5 level of autonomous operation, the vehicle comprising a plurality of sensors to collect sensed information associated with the vehicle interior and an exterior of the vehicle and an automatic vehicle location system to determine a current spatial location of the vehicle;

while operating at Level 4 or 5 and in the absence of interaction of the microprocessor with a driver of the vehicle;

constructing, by the microprocessor and based on the sensed information collected by the plurality of sensors, a three-dimensional map in spatial proximity to the vehicle that enables the microprocessor to identify and spatially locate animate and inanimate objects in the spatial proximity;

detecting, by the microprocessor and in the three-dimensional map, an animate object exterior to the vehicle;

combining, by the microprocessor, navigation information received from a remote navigation source based on the current spatial location of the vehicle with the three-dimensional map to provide aggregate mapping information;

selecting, by the microprocessor, a behavioral model of the detected animate object;

processing, by the microprocessor, in real time the aggregate mapping information and the selected behavioral model to determine a command regarding operation of the vehicle;

while performing the constructing, detecting, combining, selecting, and processing steps, receiving, by the microprocessor, one or more requests from a remote computing device associated with an owner of the vehicle for sensed information collected by sensors of the vehicle;

based on authentication information stored in the vehicle, attempting, by the microprocessor, to perform primary authentication to authenticate the remote computing device;

when the remote computing device is authenticated successfully in the primary authentication, attempting, by the microprocessor, to perform secondary authentication of the computing device using different authentication information than the authentication information used in the primary authentication; and

when the secondary authentication is successful, providing, by the microprocessor, the requested sensed information to the successfully authenticated remote computing device, the requested sensed information being a plurality of a first display containing the historic route or trace route of the vehicle, a second display containing a currently selected route to be traveled by the vehicle, a third display comprising live video of an interior of the vehicle, and a fourth display comprising a live video of an exterior of the vehicle.

35. The method of claim 34, wherein the owner, by the successfully authenticated computing device, can alter one or more of a route to be traveled by the vehicle, a waypoint of the route, a destination of the route, an infotainment setting, access of a portable computing device of a passenger of the vehicle to a local wireless network within the vehicle, door lock or unlock setting, and window lock or unlock setting.

36. The method of claim 34, wherein the vehicle comprises one or more occupants, wherein the one or more occupants is a child, wherein the detected animate object is a person seeking access to the vehicle interior, wherein the owner, by the successfully authenticated computing device, can broadcast over the vehicle infotainment system an audio or visual or multimedia message to the vehicle passengers.

37. The method of claim 34, wherein the detected animate object is a person seeking access to the vehicle interior and further comprising:

based on the sensed information and authentication information stored in a computer readable medium of the vehicle, attempting, by the microprocessor, to perform the primary authentication to authenticate the sensed person or a computing device associated with the sensed person; and

when the detected individual or computing device is authenticated successfully, attempting, by the microprocessor, to perform the secondary authentication of the detected individual or the computing device using different authentication information than the authentication information used in the primary authentication; and

when the sensed person or computing device is authenticated successfully by both the primary and secondary authentication, performing, by the microprocessor, a vehicle operation to enable the sensed person to access an interior of the vehicle.

38. The method of claim 37, wherein the navigation information comprises a dimensional array of features, each feature having an attribute of location and category, wherein the three-dimensional map comprises one or more of the current spatial vehicle location, sensed object information associated with objects in spatial proximity to the vehicle, sensed occupant information for the vehicle, selected vehicle-related information, exterior environmental information regarding an environment of the vehicle, and an occupant command, and wherein the authentication information is one or more of biometric data of the detected individual, a credential, passcode, or key to be received from the individual, an Electronic Serial Number (“

ESN”

) of the computing device, a Mobile Equipment Identifier (“

MEID”

) of the computing device, an International Mobile Equipment Identity (“

IMEI”

) of the computing device, an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (“

IMSI”

) number of the computing device, a Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (“

TMSI”

) of the computing device, a telephone number of the computing device, an Internet Protocol address of the computing device, and Mobile IP (“

MIP”

) of the computing device, and wherein the plurality of a first display containing the historic route or trace route of the vehicle, a second display containing a currently selected route to be traveled by the vehicle, a third display comprising live video of an interior of the vehicle, and a fourth display comprising a live video of an exterior of the vehicle comprises the third display.

39. The method of claim 34, wherein the detected animate object is an individual seeking access to the vehicle interior, wherein the vehicle interior comprises one or more occupants, wherein the vehicle operation is one or more of locking or unlocking a door and raising or lowering a window, wherein the microprocessor has determined that the vehicle has arrived at a predetermined waypoint or destination, wherein the plurality of a first display containing the historic route or trace route of the vehicle, a second display containing a currently selected route to be traveled by the vehicle, a third display comprising live video of an interior of the vehicle, and a fourth display comprising a live video of an exterior of the vehicle comprises the fourth display, wherein the microprocessor and a communication device of the detected individual receive from a remote authentication system or control source a common token or credential, wherein the token or credential is valid only for a specified time limit, wherein the microprocessor authenticates the detected individual successfully when the communication device correctly provides the common token or credential within the specified time limit, and wherein the microprocessor fails to authenticate the detected individual successfully when the communication device incorrectly provides the common token or credential or correctly provides the common token or credential but after expiration of the specified time limit.

40. The method of claim 39, wherein the detected animate object is an individual seeking access to the vehicle interior, wherein the microprocessor requires the successful secondary authentication of the individual by the one or more occupants prior to performing the vehicle operation, wherein the microprocessor and a communication device of the detected individual receive from a remote authentication system or control source a common token or credential, wherein the token or credential is valid only for a specified time limit, wherein the microprocessor authenticates the detected individual successfully when the communication device correctly provides the common token or credential within the specified time limit, and wherein the microprocessor fails to authenticate the detected individual successfully when the communication device incorrectly provides the common token or credential or correctly provides the common token or credential but after expiration of the specified time limit.

41. The method of claim 38, wherein the remote computing device is associated with an individual different from the detected individual, wherein the different individual can prevent the microprocessor from performing the vehicle operation or enable the microprocessor to perform the vehicle operation notwithstanding whether or not the detected individual is successfully authenticated, and wherein the plurality of a first display containing the historic route or trace route of the vehicle, a second display containing a currently selected route to be traveled by the vehicle, a third display comprising live video of an interior of the vehicle, and a fourth display comprising a live video of an exterior of the vehicle comprises the third display.

42. The method of claim 38, wherein the authentication information comprises a token, key, or passcode provided to the vehicle and the detected individual'"'"'s computing device by a remote control source or authentication system, wherein the detected individual is previously not associated with the vehicle, wherein the token, key, or passcode is valid only for a selected period of time or selected number of uses, wherein the microprocessor authenticates the detected individual successfully when the communication device correctly provides the token, key, or passcode within the selected time period or selected number of uses, and wherein the microprocessor fails to authenticate the detected individual successfully when one or more of the following is true:

the communication device incorrectly provides the token, key, or passcode, correctly provides the token, key, or passcode but after expiration of the selected time period, or correctly provides the token, key, or passcode but after usage of the selected number of uses.

43. In a vehicle comprising a vehicle interior for receiving one or more occupants;

a plurality of sensors to collect sensed information associated with the vehicle interior and an exterior of the vehicle;

an automatic vehicle location system to determine a current spatial location of the vehicle; and

a computer readable medium to store authentication information and the sensed information when the vehicle is in a Level 4 or 5 level of autonomous operation, an autonomous vehicle control system comprising a microprocessor coupled to the automatic vehicle location system and computer readable medium and programmed to;

based on the sensed information collected by the plurality of sensors, construct a three-dimensional map in spatial proximity to the vehicle that enables the microprocessor to identify and spatially locate animate and inanimate objects in the spatial proximity;

detect, in the three-dimensional map, an individual exterior to the vehicle;

combine navigation information received from a remote navigation source

based on a current spatial location of the vehicle within the three-dimensional map provide aggregate mapping information;

select a behavioral model of the detected individual;

process in substantial real time the aggregate mapping information and the selected behavioral model to determine a command regarding operation of the vehicle;

in response to the three-dimensional map and using authentication information, attempt to perform primary authentication to authenticate the detected individual or a computing device associated with the detected individual;

when the detected individual or computing device is authenticated successfully by the primary authentication, attempt to perform secondary authentication of the detected individual or the computing device using different authentication information than the authentication information used in the primary authentication; and

when the primary and secondary authentication are successful, perform a vehicle operation command to enable the individual to access the vehicle interior.

44. The vehicle of claim 43, wherein the navigation information comprises a dimensional array of features, each feature having an attribute of location and category, wherein the three dimensional map comprises the current spatial vehicle location, sensed object information associated with objects in spatial proximity to the vehicle, sensed occupant information for the vehicle, selected vehicle-related information, exterior environmental information regarding an environment of the vehicle, and an occupant command, wherein the authentication information is one or more of biometric data of the detected individual, a credential, passcode, or key to be received from the individual, an Electronic Serial Number (“

ESN”

) of the computing device, a Mobile Equipment Identifier (“

MEID”

) of the computing device, an International Mobile Equipment Identity (“

MEI”

) of the computing device, an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (“

IMSI”

) number of the computing device, a Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (“

TMSI”

) of the computing device, a telephone number of the computing device, an Internet Protocol address of the computing device, and Mobile IP (“

MIP”

) of the computing device, wherein the plurality of sensors comprise a camera, wherein the microprocessor provides an image of the interior of the vehicle to a remote communication device of an owner of the vehicle, and wherein the remote communication device, in response to the provided image, remotely controls one or more operations of the vehicle, the one or more operations comprising one or more of a destination selection, waypoint selection, infotainment setting, vehicle speed, route selection, door locking, door unlocking, window opening, window closing, local network setting, and local network availability to an on board computing device.

45. The vehicle of claim 43, wherein the vehicle interior comprises one or more occupants, wherein the vehicle operation is one or more of locking or unlocking a door and raising or lowering a window, wherein the microprocessor has determined that the vehicle has arrived at a predetermined waypoint or destination, wherein the microprocessor and a communication device of the detected individual receive from a remote authentication system or control source a common token or credential, wherein the token or credential is valid only for a specified time limit, wherein the microprocessor authenticates the detected individual successfully when the communication device correctly provides the common token or credential within the specified time limit, and wherein the microprocessor fails to authenticate the detected individual successfully when the communication device incorrectly provides the common token or credential or correctly provides the common token or credential but after expiration of the specified time limit.

46. The vehicle of claim 45, wherein the microprocessor performs the successful secondary authentication of the detected individual by the one or more occupants by a response sent to a remote communication device of a vehicle owner or by the vehicle owner remotely viewing an image of the detected individual via the remote communication device prior to performing the vehicle operation, and wherein the remote communication device sends to the microprocessor a command indicating whether or not the secondary authentication is successful.

47. The vehicle of claim 43, wherein the microprocessor provides a live video stream of the vehicle interior or exterior to a remote computing device, wherein the remote computing device is successfully authenticated by the microprocessor, wherein the remote computing device is associated with an individual different from the detected individual, wherein, to perform the secondary authentication, the microprocessor sends the live video stream to the remote computing device, wherein, when the secondary authentication is successful, the different individual sends, by the remote computing device, an authentication response permitting the microprocessor to perform the vehicle operation, and wherein, when the secondary authentication is not successful, the different individual sends, by the remote computing device, an authentication response preventing the microprocessor from performing the vehicle operation.

48. The vehicle of claim 43, wherein the authentication information comprises a token, key, or passcode provided to the vehicle and the detected individual'"'"'s computing device by a remote control source or authentication system, wherein the detected individual is previously not associated with the vehicle, wherein the token, key, or passcode is valid only for a selected period of time or selected number of uses, wherein the microprocessor authenticates the detected individual successfully when the communication device correctly provides the token, key, or passcode within the selected time period or selected number of uses, and wherein the microprocessor fails to authenticate the detected individual successfully when one or more of the following is true:

the communication device incorrectly provides the token, key, or passcode, correctly provides the token, key, or passcode but after expiration of the selected time period, or correctly provides the token, key, or passcode but after usage of the selected number of uses.