Non-protein nitrogen feed product and method for producing the same
First Claim
1. The method of producing a palatable, nontoxic and substantially neutral pH food product for feeding ruminant animals comprising the steps of:
- a. mixing together a predetermined quantity of an edible, ungelatinized starch-bearing food material selected from the group consisting of corn, sorghum, barley, oats, wheat, hay and silage, a predetermined amount of at least one nonprotein nitrogenous substance selected from the group consisting of urea, biuret, ethylene urea and ammonium carbamate, and a predetermined amount of bentonite,b. the moisture content of the mixture being less than about 15% by weight, the amount of said nonprotein nitrogenous substance by weight in said mixture being about four times greater than the weight of the bentonite, and the starch bearing food being within a range of from 40.6 to 81.25 percent by weight so that the resultant food product has a total protein equivalent of from 50 to 100 percent by weight,c. providing a confined path,d. introducing the mixture at ambient temperature into one end of said confined path,e. compressing the mixture over the full course of said path under progressively increasing compressive pressures to progressively heat the mixture by frictional heat only to a temperature of from 260°
F. to 320°
F., and thenf. substantially instantaneously reducing the compressive pressure on the mixture at the end of said path to atmospheric pressure to produce an expanded and gelatinized product having a moisture content of less than 13 percent.
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Abstract
The feed product for ruminant animals is palatable and nontoxic and comprises an energy producing starch bearing substance such as initially ungelatinized grains or vegetable starches; a protein producing substance derived from a nonprotein nitrogenous material such as urea or ammonium salts; and an inert liquid absorbing substance such as bentonite. The three substances are initmately mixed in predetermined quantities and then supplied directly, without any preconditioning treatment and at ambient temperature, into an extruder-cooker in which by frictional heat alone, a substantial portion of the starch in the energy producing substance is gelatinized and integrated with the nonprotein nitrogenous substance to produce the feed product. The resultant feed product has a substantially neutral pH and is characterized by a very slow ammonia release from the non-protein nitrogenous substance.
19 Citations
6 Claims
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1. The method of producing a palatable, nontoxic and substantially neutral pH food product for feeding ruminant animals comprising the steps of:
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a. mixing together a predetermined quantity of an edible, ungelatinized starch-bearing food material selected from the group consisting of corn, sorghum, barley, oats, wheat, hay and silage, a predetermined amount of at least one nonprotein nitrogenous substance selected from the group consisting of urea, biuret, ethylene urea and ammonium carbamate, and a predetermined amount of bentonite, b. the moisture content of the mixture being less than about 15% by weight, the amount of said nonprotein nitrogenous substance by weight in said mixture being about four times greater than the weight of the bentonite, and the starch bearing food being within a range of from 40.6 to 81.25 percent by weight so that the resultant food product has a total protein equivalent of from 50 to 100 percent by weight, c. providing a confined path, d. introducing the mixture at ambient temperature into one end of said confined path, e. compressing the mixture over the full course of said path under progressively increasing compressive pressures to progressively heat the mixture by frictional heat only to a temperature of from 260°
F. to 320°
F., and thenf. substantially instantaneously reducing the compressive pressure on the mixture at the end of said path to atmospheric pressure to produce an expanded and gelatinized product having a moisture content of less than 13 percent. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3)
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4. The method of producing a palatable, nontoxic and substantially neutral pH food product for feeding ruminant animals comprising the steps of:
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a. mixing together by weight 40.6 to 81.25 percent of an edible, ungelatinized starch-bearing food material selected from the group consisting of corn, sorghum, barley, oats, wheat, hay and silage, 15 to 47.5 percent of at least one nonprotein nitrogenous substance selected from the group consisting of urea, biuret, ethylene urea and ammonium carbamate, and 3.75 to 11.9 percent of bentonite, b. the moisture content of the mixture being less than about 15 percent by weight, so that with said nonprotein nitrogenous substance by weight being between 15 to 47.5 percent of the weight of the mixture the resultant food product has a total protein equivalent of from 50 to 100 percent by weight, c. providing a confined path, d. introducing the mixture at ambient temperature into one end of said confined path, e. compressing the mixture over the full course of said path under progressively increasing compressive pressures to progressively heat the mixture by frictional heat only to a temperature of from 260°
F. to 320°
F., and thenf. extruding the mixture from the opposite end of said path into the atmosphere to produce an expanded and gelatinized product having a moisture content of less than 13 percent.
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5. The method of producing a palatable, nontoxic and substantially neutral pH food product for feeding ruminant animals comprising the steps of:
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a. mixing together by weight 57.8 to 81.00 percent of an edible, ungelatinized starch-bearing food material selected from the group consisting of corn, sorghum, barley, oats, wheat, hay and silage, 15.2 to 33.75 percent of urea having a nitrogen content of about 45 percent, and 3.8 to 8.4 percent bentonite, b. the moisture content of the mixture being less than about 15 percent by weight, so that with said urea by weight being between 15.2 to 33.75 percent of the weight of the mixture the resultant food product has a total protein equivalent of from 50 to 100 percent by weight, c. providing a confined path, d. introducing the mixture at ambient temperature into one end of said confined path, e. compressing the mixture over the full course of said path under progressively increasing compressive pressures to progressively heat the mixture by frictional heat only to a temperature of from 260°
F. to 320°
F., and thenf. extruding the mixture from the opposite end of said path into the atmosphere to produce an expanded and gelatinized product having a moisture content of less than 13 percent.
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6. The method of producing a palatable, nontoxic and substantially neutral pH food product for feeding ruminant animals comprising the steps of:
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a. mixing together by weight 58.75 to 81.25 percent of an edible, ungelatinized starch-bearing food material selected from the group consisting of corn, sorghum, barley, oats, wheat, hay and silage, 15 to 33 percent of urea having a nitrogen content of about 46 percent, and 3.75 to 8.25 percent of bentonite, b. the moisture content of the mixture being less than about 15 percent by weight, so that with said urea by weight being between 15 to 33 percent of the weight of the mixture the resultant food product was a total protein equivalent of from 50 to 100 percent by weight, c. providing a confined path, d. introducing the mixture at ambient temperature into one end of said confined path, e. compressing the mixture over the full course of said path under progressively increasing compressive pressures to progressively heat the mixture by frictional heat only to a temperature of from 260°
F. to 320°
F., and thenf. extruding the mixture from the opposite end of said path into the atmosphere to produce an expanded and gelatinized product having a moisture content of less than 13 percent.
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Specification