Electrical synchronous machines

• US 4,007,387 A
• Filed: 05/14/1975
• Issued: 02/08/1977
• Est. Priority Date: 12/23/1972
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Romuald Zdzislaw Rustecki
• Original Assignee: Romuald Zdzislaw Rustecki
• Inventors: Rustecki, Romuald Zdzislaw
• Primary Examiner(s): Duggan, Donovan F.
• Application Number:
  US05/577,450
• Time in Patent Office: 636 Days
• Field of Search: 310/181, 310/155, 310/162-168, 310/268, 310/46, 310/156
• US Class Current: 310/181
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 21/042 with permanent magnets and field winding both rotating
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 7/1807 Rotary generators H02K7/006 takes precedence

Abstract

An electrical synchronous machine, i.e. an alternator or synchronous motor, comprises a rotor having field coils of alternating polarities arranged on core elements of magnetic material and spaced around its axis so as to produce a magnetic field extending away from the core elements and towards a stator which has windings disposed on an annular magnetic core, the rotor and stator being arranged substantially coaxially with the rotor core elements confronting the stator core. The machine can be installed quickly in a variety of ways by unskilled personnel and the field coils and stator core can be replaced without dismantling or disturbing the machine. Permanent magnets disposed in the field coil core elements augment excitation during starting. Auxiliary windings associated with the field coil core elements regulate speed and enable the machine, when acting as a motor, to be self-starting. The latter function is assisted by connecting all of the field coils in a closed loop. By providing a large number of field coils on the rotor and arranging the machine so that both the annular areas occupied by the active face of the stator and of the field coils take the form of like, radially narrow closed strips, the machine can produce a high output at low speed when functioning as an alternator.

Claims

1. An electrical synchronous machine comprising a rotor having a plurality of field coils of alternating polarities arranged on core elements of magnetic material and disposed around the axis of rotation of the rotor to produce a magnetic field extending away from the core elements and axially of the rotor;

means mounting said rotor to a shaft of a device independent of the machine;

a stator having a plurality of windings arranged on an annular core of a magnetic material and disposed around an axis of the stator so that parts of the windings lie adjacent a surface of the core; and

a structure supporting said stator;

said rotor, on the one hand, and the combination of said stator and support structure, on the other hand, being constructed as entirely discrete elements whereby said machine may be made operable by positioning said support structure with respect to the rotor mounted on said shaft so that the rotor and the stator core are substantially coaxial and so that the rotor core elements confront said surface of the stator core, the core elements for the field coils comprise like, individual pole yokes for each coil, further comprising a substantially circular and plate-like support member and means securing the yokes each at one end to a surface of said support member, which surface is normal to the axis of rotation of the rotor, the yokes extending axially away from the support surface and being equally spaced around the axis of rotation, the core elements further comprise a plurality of flat pole shoes, a respective, pole shoe being secured to the other end of each pole yoke, the surfaces of the shoes remote from the support member lying in a common plane normal to the axis of rotation of the rotor.

2. An electrical synchronous machine comprising:

a rotor having a plurality of field coils of alternating polarities arranged on core elements of magnetic material and disposed around the axis of rotation of the rotor to produce a magnetic field extending away from the core elements and axially of the rotor;

means mounting said rotor to a shaft of a device independent of the machine;

a stator having a plurality of windings arranged on an annular core of a magnetic material and disposed around an axis of the stator so that parts of the windings lie adjacent a surface of the core; and

a structure supporting said stator;

said rotor, on the one hand, and the combination of said stator and support structure, on the other hand, being constructed as entirely discrete elements whereby said machine may be made operable by positioning said support structure with respect to the rotor mounted on said shaft so that the rotor and the stator core are substantially coaxial and so that the rotor core elements confront said surface of the stator core, a respective permanent magnet is disposed within each core element, each magnet having a polarity the same as that of the associated core element.

3. An electrical synchronous machine comprising:

a rotor having a plurality of field coils of alternating polarities arranged on core elements of magnetic material and disposed around the axis of rotation of the rotor to produce a magnetic field extending away from the core elements and axially of the rotor;

a stator having a plurality of windings arranged on an annular core of a magnetic material and disposed around an axis of the stator so that parts of the windings lie adjacent a surface of the core; and

a structure supporting said stator;

said rotor, on the one hand, and the combination of said stator and support structure, on the other hand, being constructed as entirely discrete elements whereby said machine may be made operable by positioning said support structure with respect to the rotor mounted on said shaft so that the rotor and the stator core are substantially coaxial and so that the rotor core elements confront said surface of the stator core, the core elements for the field coils comprise like, individual pole yokes for each coil, further comprising a substantially circular and plate-like support member and means securing the yokes each at one end to a surface of said support member, which surface is normal to the axis of rotation of the rotor, the yokes extending axially away from the support surface and being equally spaced around the axis of rotation, the field coils are connected to a pair of concentric slip rings on a surface of the support member opposite to the surface to which the pole yokes are secured.

4. An electrical synchronous machine comprising:

a rotor having a plurality of field coils of alternating polarities arranged on core elements of magnetic material and disposed around the axis of rotation of the rotor to produce a magnetic field extending away from the core elements and axially of the rotor;

means mounting said rotor to a shaft of a device independent of the machine;

a stator having a plurality of windings arranged on an annular core of ammagnetic material and disposed around an axis of the stator so that parts of the windings lie adjacent a surface of the core; and

a structure supporting said stator;

said rotor, on the one hand, and the combination of said stator and support structure, on the other hand, being constructed as entirely discrete elements whereby said machine may be made operable by positioning said support structure with respect to the rotor mounted on said shaft so that the rotor and the stator core are substantially coaxial and so that the rotor core elements confront said surface of the stator core, means releasably securing the stator core in a desired position with respect to the support structure and means defining an opening within the support structure of sufficient size to permit the stator core and the windings thereon to be removed from and replaced on the support structure without movement of the support structure, said stator support structure comprises a cylindrical frame open at both ends and having a plurality of radially directed apertures therethrough, one said open end comprising said opening for withdrawal and replacement of the stator core and the windings thereon, wherein said means releasably securing the stator core positions the stator core with said one face of the stator core adjacent the other open end of said frame, and wherein said means releasably securing the stator core comprises a plurality of threaded members extending radially inwardly through said apertures in the frame.

5. An electrical synchronous machine comprising:

a rotor having a plurality of field coils of alternating polarities arranged on core elements of magnetic material and disposed around the axis of rotation of the rotor to produce a magnetic field extending away from the core elements and axially of the rotor;

a stator having a plurality of windings arranged on an annular core of a magnetic material and disposed around an axis of the stator so that parts of the windings lie adjacent a surface of the core; and

a structure supporting said stator;

said rotor, on the one hand, and the combination of said stator and support structure, on the other hand, being constructed as entirely discrete elements whereby said machine may be made operable by positioning said support structure with respect to the rotor mounted on said shaft so that the rotor and the stator core are substantially coaxial and so that the rotor core elements confront said surface of the stator core, the core elements for the field coils comprise like, individual pole yokes for each coil, further comprising a substantially circular and plate-like support member and means connecting the field coils on a surface of the support member opposite to the surface to which the pole yokes are secured.

6. An electrical synchronous machine for driving a shaft of a device independent of the machine which comprises a rotor having a plurality of field coils of alternating polarities arranged on core elements of magnetic material and disposed around the axis of rotation of the rotor to produce a magnetic field extending away from the core elements axially of the rotor, a stator having a plurality of windings arranged on an annular core of magnetic material and disposed around an axis of the stator to present parts of the windings adjacent a surface of the core, a structure fixedly mounting said stator, means for mounting said rotor on a shaft of a device independent of said machine, said rotor, on the one hand, and a combination of said stator and support structure, on the other hand, being entirely discreet elements whereby said machine may be operatively engaged with said independent device by selective positioning of said support structure with respect to said rotor mounted on the shaft of the device so that the rotor and the stator core are substantially coaxial with the rotor core elements confronting said surface of the stator core.

7. The machine of claim 6, wherein the core elements for the field coils are individual pole yokes for each core and wherein a plate support member has said yokes secured to one face thereof which is normal to the axis of rotation of the rotor with the yokes extending axially away from said face and spaced equally around the axis of rotation of the rotor.

8. The machine of claim 7, wherein at least one threaded member extending through a hole defined in the support member and into a tapped hole defined in the yoke secures the yoke to the support member whereby the yoke and coil are removed from the support member transversely of the axis of rotation of the rotor by unscrewing the threaded member without movement of the rotor or stator.

9. An electrical synchronous machine comprising a rotor having a plurality of field coils of alternating polarities arranged on core elements of magnetic material and disposed around the axis of rotation of said rotor to produce a magnetic field extending away from said core elements and axially of said rotor, a stator having a plurality of windings arranged on a core of magnetic material and disposed around an axis of said stator so that parts of said windings lie adjacent a surface of said core, means positioning said stator and rotor coaxially and with said rotor core elements confronting said surface of said core, and an auxiliary winding provided for at least one of said core elements, said auxiliary winding comprising a plurality of conductors each extending substantially radially through openings enclosed in the core element, and radially inner and outer shorting conductors connecting said plurality of conductors together at their radially inner and outer ends, respectively.

12. The machine of claim 9, wherein said field coils are connected to form a closed circuit including all of the coils.

10. A high output electrical alternator comprising a rotor having a plurality of field coils of alternating polarities arranged on magnetic core means and disposed around the axis of rotation of the rotor to produce a magnetic field extending axially away from the rotor, a stator having a plurality of windings arranged on a core of magnetic material and disposed around an axis of the stator presenting parts of the windings adjacent a surface of said stator core, said magnetic field produced by said rotor having an annular ring area, said stator core having a complementary ring-shaped configuration, the ratio of the radial extent of said ring-shaped configuration to the radial extent of the outer diameter of the stator core being less than one, and means positioning said stator and rotor coaxially with said annular ring area of the rotor confronting said surface of the stator core.

11. The alternator of claim 10, wherein the field coils on the magnetic core means, in cross section normal to the axis of rotation of the rotor, are shaped substantially as the outer parts of sectors of circles centered upon the axis of rotation of the rotor.