Blood pulse sensor and readout
First Claim
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1. A blood pulse sensor comprising:
- means for emitting an infra-red light toward a blood vessel, said light having a wavelength over 9,000 angstroms, thereby insuring its high absorption in the bloodstream constituents; and
means for monitoring the relative absorption of said light in the bloodstream to indicate the timing of blood pulses.
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Abstract
A highly sensitive electronic blood pulse sensor and readout device is disclosed which is self-powered and can be mounted on the subject'"'"'s wrist. The sensor portion has a plurality of light emitters which are arranged to emit pulsed infra-red light waves having a wavelength readily absorbed by blood constituents, and a plurality of light detectors highly responsive to the emitted wavelength. The level of detected illumination is used to control by feedback the level of emitted illumination, in order to compensate for variations in flesh translucency. A separate "noise" responsive sensor is used to counteract the noise-inducing tendencies of motion.
219 Citations
21 Claims
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1. A blood pulse sensor comprising:
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means for emitting an infra-red light toward a blood vessel, said light having a wavelength over 9,000 angstroms, thereby insuring its high absorption in the bloodstream constituents; and means for monitoring the relative absorption of said light in the bloodstream to indicate the timing of blood pulses.
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2. A blood pulse sensor comprising:
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an infra-red light-emitting means located to direct light toward a localized area of a blood vessel; and an infra-red light-detecting means for receiving the back scatter of emitted infra-red light not absorbed by the blood as it passes through said area. - View Dependent Claims (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 21)
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8. A blood pulse sensor comprising:
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means for emitting an infra-red light toward a blood vessel, said light having a wavelength which has a high absorption in the bloodstream constituents; means for monitoring the relative absorption of said light in the bloodstream to indicate the timing of blood pulses; sensor means for developing an electrical signal responsive only to motion-induced noise, and means for algebraicly subtracting the electrical signal output of the sensor means from the electrical signal output of the monitoring means.
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9. A blood pulse sensor comprising:
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means for emitting an infra-red light toward a blood vessel, said light having a wavelength which has a high absorption in the bloodstream constituents; means for monitoring the relative absorption of said light in the bloodstream to indicate the timing of blood pulses; and means for controlling the light-emitting means to cause light emission pulses which are drawing electrical power only a small fraction of the time to provide a periodic sampling by the monitoring means. - View Dependent Claims (10)
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11. A blood pulse sensor comprising:
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a plurality of spaced light-emitting devices located to direct light toward a localized area of a blood vessel; a plurality of spaced light-detecting devices for sensing light from the emitting devices after it has illuminated the blood vessel; each of the light-detecting devices being in a physically paired set with one of the light-emitting devices; each paired emitting and detecting device having an angular ray emission from the emitting device and an angular ray detection by the detecting device which overlap optically at a predetermined optimal blood vessel illumination depth. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13)
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14. A blood pulse sensor comprising:
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a light emitting means located to direct light toward a localized area of a blood vessel; a light-detecting means for sensing light from the emitting means after it has illuminated the blood vessel; and means for compensating automatically for variations in flesh transparency to prevent over-stimulation or understimulation of the light-detecting means. - View Dependent Claims (15, 16)
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17. A blood pulse sensor comprising:
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a light-emitting means located to direct light toward a localized area of a blood vessel; a light-detecting means for sensing light from the emitting means after it has illuminated the blood vessel; and means for controlling the light-emitting means to cause light emission pulses which are drawing electrical power only a small fraction of the time to provide a periodic sampling by the detecting means. - View Dependent Claims (18, 19)
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20. A blood pulse sensor comprising:
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means for emitting an infra-red light toward a blood vessel, said light having a wavelength which has a high absorption in the bloodstream constituents; means for monitoring the relative absorption of said light in the bloodstream to indicate the timing of blood pulses; and means for compensating automatically for variations in flesh transparency to prevent over-stimulation or understimulation of the monitoring means.
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Specification