Portable hemodialysis system
First Claim
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1. In a hemodialysis apparatus for treatment of blood to remove waste impurities therefrom, including:
- dialyzer means through which waste impurity containing blood and a dialysate solution are passed in indirect mass transfer dialyzing relationship for transfer of said waste impurities from said blood to said dialysate solution;
means for transferring waste impurity-containing blood from a patient to said dialyzer means including a flexible resiliant tubing pumping section through which blood is pumped and means for returning waste impurity-depleted blood to said patient forming a blood flow circuit;
peristaltic pump means with a rotatable pump head assembly including a base member positioned for rotation about a fixed axis with a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart rollers mounted thereon for independent rotation about respective axes parallel to the base member fixed axis;
means for anchoring the end segments of the flexible resiliant tubing pumping section such that the tubing is tensionally extended around the pump head assembly, being simultaneously engaged and compressed by at least two of said circumferentially spaced apart rollers with at least partial closure of the tubing at the points of compression, said rollers being mounted for longitudinal movement of the points of compression along the tubing during rotation of said pump head assembly to advance blood through said tubing;
means for supplying dialysate solution to said dialyzer means; and
means for discharging waste impurity-enriched dialysate solution from said dialyzer means the improvement wherein said peristaltic pump means comprises three rollers mounted on said base member, each having a diameter of between 0.25 and 0.75 inch and circumferentially spaced 120°
apart from the others with a radial distance between the roller axis and said base member fixed axis of from 0.50 to 1.25 inches;
said flexible resiliant tubing pumping section has a length, as measured longitudinally along the tubing between the anchored end segments thereof, of from 6.0 to 6.75 inches, a wall thickness of from 0.03 to 0.10 inch, and an internal diameter of from 0.18 to 0.25 inch; and
drive means coupled to said pump head assembly for rotation thereof at a speed in the range of from 50 to 400 rpm.
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Abstract
A portable hemodialysis system wherein blood and dialysate are pumped in the extracorporeal flow circuit by peristaltic compression of the blood and dialysate flow lines to provide high frequency pulsatile flows in the respective fluid lines. The pulsatile flows of blood and dialysate are passed through the dialyzer to reduce fluid film mass transfer resistance therein and enhance the dialyzing efficiency of the hemodialysis system.
143 Citations
20 Claims
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1. In a hemodialysis apparatus for treatment of blood to remove waste impurities therefrom, including:
- dialyzer means through which waste impurity containing blood and a dialysate solution are passed in indirect mass transfer dialyzing relationship for transfer of said waste impurities from said blood to said dialysate solution;
means for transferring waste impurity-containing blood from a patient to said dialyzer means including a flexible resiliant tubing pumping section through which blood is pumped and means for returning waste impurity-depleted blood to said patient forming a blood flow circuit;
peristaltic pump means with a rotatable pump head assembly including a base member positioned for rotation about a fixed axis with a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart rollers mounted thereon for independent rotation about respective axes parallel to the base member fixed axis;
means for anchoring the end segments of the flexible resiliant tubing pumping section such that the tubing is tensionally extended around the pump head assembly, being simultaneously engaged and compressed by at least two of said circumferentially spaced apart rollers with at least partial closure of the tubing at the points of compression, said rollers being mounted for longitudinal movement of the points of compression along the tubing during rotation of said pump head assembly to advance blood through said tubing;
means for supplying dialysate solution to said dialyzer means; and
means for discharging waste impurity-enriched dialysate solution from said dialyzer means the improvement wherein said peristaltic pump means comprises three rollers mounted on said base member, each having a diameter of between 0.25 and 0.75 inch and circumferentially spaced 120°
apart from the others with a radial distance between the roller axis and said base member fixed axis of from 0.50 to 1.25 inches;
said flexible resiliant tubing pumping section has a length, as measured longitudinally along the tubing between the anchored end segments thereof, of from 6.0 to 6.75 inches, a wall thickness of from 0.03 to 0.10 inch, and an internal diameter of from 0.18 to 0.25 inch; and
drive means coupled to said pump head assembly for rotation thereof at a speed in the range of from 50 to 400 rpm. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)
- dialyzer means through which waste impurity containing blood and a dialysate solution are passed in indirect mass transfer dialyzing relationship for transfer of said waste impurities from said blood to said dialysate solution;
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15. In a hemodialysis apparatus for treatment of blood to remove waste impurities therefrom, including:
- dialyzer means through which waste-impurity containing blood and a dialysate solution are passed in indirect mass transfer dialyzing relationship for transfer of said waste impurities from said blood to said dialysate solution;
means for transferring waste impurity-containing blood from a patient to said dialyzer means including a flexible resiliant tubing pumping section through which blood is pumped and means for returning waste impurity-depleted blood to said patient forming a blood flow circuit;
means for transferring dialysate solution to said dialyzer means and means for discharging waste impurity-enriched dialysate solution from said dialyzer means forming a dialysate solution flow circuit including a flexible resiliant tubing pumping section through which dialysate solution is pumped;
dual peristaltic pump means each with a rotatable pump head assembly including a base member positioned for rotation about a fixed axis with a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart rollers mounted thereon for independent rotation about respective axes parallel to the base member fixed axis;
means for anchoring the end segments of the flexible resiliant tubing pumping sections in said blood flow circuit and said dialysate solution flow circuit such that the tubing in each circuit is tensionally extended around the pump head assembly of one of said peristaltic pump means and is simultaneously engaged and compressed by at least two of said circumferentially spaced apart rollers of the peristaltic pump means for said circuit with at least partial closure of the tubing at the points of compression, the rollers of each peristaltic pump means being mounted for longitudinal movement of the points of compression along the associated tubing during rotation of said pump head assembly to advance fluid through said tubing;
the improvement wherein each of said peristaltic pump means comprises three rollers mounted on said base member, each having a diameter between 0.25 and 0.75 inch and circumferentially spaced 120°
apart from the others with a radial distance between the roller axis and said base member fixed axis of from 0.50 to 1.25 inches, said flexible resiliant tubing pumping sections in the blood and dialysate flow circuits each have a length, as measured longitudinally along the tubing between the anchored end segments thereof, of from 6.0 to 6.75 inches, a wall thickness of from 0.03 to 0.10 inch, and an internal diameter of from 0.18 to 0.25 inch;
drive means coupled to the pump head assembly of the peristaltic pump means in the blood flow circuit for rotation thereof at a speed in the range of from 50 to 400 rpm; and
drive means coupled to the pump head assembly of the peristaltic pump means in the dialysate solution flow circuit for rotation thereof at a speed in the range of from 200 to 600 rpm. - View Dependent Claims (16)
- dialyzer means through which waste-impurity containing blood and a dialysate solution are passed in indirect mass transfer dialyzing relationship for transfer of said waste impurities from said blood to said dialysate solution;
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17. In a method of hemodialysis for treatment of blood to remove waste impurities therefrom in a dialyzer means joined to a patient by a closed loop blood flow circuit and to a dialysate solution source by a dialysate flow circuit, including the steps of:
- withdrawing waste impurity-containing blood from said patient;
peristaltically pumping said withdrawn waste impurity-containing blood upstream of said dialyzer means, whereby blood is advanced through said blood flow circuit;
passing said waste impurity-containing blood and said dialysate solution through said dialyzer means in indirect mass transfer dialyzing relationship for transfer of said waste impurities from said blood to said dialysate solution;
discharging waste impurity-enriched dialysate solution from said dialyzer means; and
returning waste impurity-depleted blood from said dialyzer means through said blood flow circuit to said patient, the improvement of producing a pulsatile flow in said waste impurity-containing blood withdrawn from said patient by said peristaltic pumping having a frequency of between 150 and 1200 cycles/minute whereby said pulsatile flow of blood is passed through said dialyzer means to reduce blood film mass transfer resistance therein. - View Dependent Claims (18, 19, 20)
- withdrawing waste impurity-containing blood from said patient;
Specification